Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 18

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  stigmatisation
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
EN
This paper is divided into three separate parts: introduction into the phenomenon of a stigma, and two other parts showing the perspective of the stigmatized and the stigmatizing. It focuses on the psychological explanations why people stigmatize others and how you can live with a stigma. It is mainly based on the research done in social psychology and it starts with a relational defi nition of a stigma, taking into consideration the social context of the above mentioned phenomenon.
EN
Communication difficulties in Parkinson’s disease (PD) arise not only as the result of the motor symptoms of the disorder, but also as a consequence of cognitive and affective impairments which are recognised as being part of the disease process. These changes are thought to account for much of the stigma associated with the condition, thereby complicating the ability of patients to inter-relate with others, including their closest family. This inevitably affects quality of life for both the patient and those family members involved in his/her care. The present paper presents an analysis of how the deficits in motor and cognitive function associated with PD in the form of reduced facial expressivity, altered language skills, motor and cognitive slowness and disturbances in the pragmatic aspects of language affect the communication abilities of patients with the disorder and give rise to stigmatisation, which in turn impacts the disability seen in PD.
EN
Managing social identity, reconstruction of identity, constructing own biography from scratch is something that a person with acquired disability must cope with. People with inborn disability create their identity of a disabled from the beginning. They are prepared/raised/educated to take the part of a person with disabilities in the society. Can a person who acquired disability experience such accelerated adaptation? It is disability that will become the central category which will determine their social identity. In the article the author raises the problems connected with setting up the line between personal and social identity, between satisfying the need to be unique and the need to belong, between defining a person through the prism of stigma (Erving Goffman) and perceiving them as representative of a specific type of personality (Alfred Schutz). How deep is the mark of a person with disability that this disability imprints in their life is best known only by the people who live with it. How difficult is the management of social identity or the reconstruction of biography is best know by them as well. What is the identity created or reconstructed in the process of social stigmatisation going to be like? Is it possible to come out of the process of stigmatisation?
EN
The aim of the article is to analyse social relations of people experiencing unemployment in today’s Polish society on the basis of the data collected as a part of the “Memoirs of the Unemployed” project. In this paper, we investigate three types of relations: with family, with friends and acquaintances, and with labour market institutions. Our analysis shows that the experience of unemployment has a specific impact on social relations, both within the family and with other people. They are characterised by great ambivalence, which results from the fact that although they are a source of support, they are often based on a lack of understanding of the situation of people experiencing unemployment, and even involve stigmatisation. The relations with representatives of institutions are perceived by the research participants as instrumental and stigmatising.
PL
Managing social identity, reconstruction of identity, constructing own biography from scratch is something that a person with acquired disability must cope with. People with inborn disability create their identity of a disabled from the beginning. They are prepared/raised/educated to take the part of a person with disabilities in the society. Can a person who acquired disability experience such accelerated adaptation? It is disability that will become the central category which will determine their social identity. In the article the author raises the problems connected with setting up the line between personal and social identity, between satisfying the need to be unique and the need to belong, between defining a person through the prism of stigma (Erving Goffman) and perceiving them as representative of a specific type of personality (Alfred Schutz). How deep is the mark of a person with disability that this disability imprints in their life is best known only by the people who live with it. How difficult is the management of social identity or the reconstruction of biography is best know by them as well. What is the identity created or reconstructed in the process of social stigmatisation going to be like? Is it possible to come out of the process of stigmatisation?
PL
The article is an attempt to systematise the extremely rich literature dealing with the phenomenon of homelessness, to which a key has been reading out of the rationale underlying the proposed definitions of homelessness, along with various ways of understanding the causes of it. It is a trial to find the common factors of the proposed perspectives and to grasp the accents exposed in them allowed for the grouping of the phenomenon in three areas: homelessness as a state of “having”/“not having”, homelessness as minimisation of social participation, and “becoming” homeless as a process of negotiating the identity in symbolic-interactive terms. The motivation for taking up the attempt to theoretically systematise the examined phenomenon was my participative research conducted among homeless men staying on the streets of a big city (2005–2008) and at a hostel created as part of one of the associations (2007–2013). On the one hand, I was guided by the need to know the current research achievements in the area which is in the focus of my interests, and on the other hand, the material collected during the study revealed the need for a different approach than the current perspective on homelessness.
EN
The article is an attempt to systematise the extremely rich literature dealing with the phenomenon of homelessness, to which a key has been reading out of the rationale underlying the proposed definitions of homelessness, along with various ways of understanding the causes of it. It is a trial to find the common factors of the proposed perspectives and to grasp the accents exposed in them allowed for the grouping of the phenomenon in three areas: homelessness as a state of “having”/“not having”, homelessness as minimisation of social participation, and “becoming” homeless as a process of negotiating the identity in symbolic-interactive terms. The motivation for taking up the attempt to theoretically systematise the examined phenomenon was my participative research conducted among homeless men staying on the streets of a big city (2005–2008) and at a hostel created as part of one of the associations (2007–2013). On the one hand, I was guided by the need to know the current research achievements in the area which is in the focus of my interests, and on the other hand, the material collected during the study revealed the need for a different approach than the current perspective on homelessness.
EN
Geographical research on French and US suburbia has concentrated in recent decades on urban sprawl and concomitant processes of devaluation and exclusion. In the case of the French banlieues, with their much-publicised urban riots, this particular analytic focus has become overwhelming, with resultant loss to other developments and perspectives. However, certain districts in the first (or inner) ring of both French and US suburbia are currently showing distinct urbanisation tendencies in planning and architecture, evident in the new usage of brownfield sites and the ongoing demolition, replacement, and rededication of the older building core. Such processes induce population changes, e.g. the displacement of lower in favour of higher income groups. Overall, they result in an architectonic, social and cultural heterogeneity that escapes the specificity of received categories and merits the term hybridisation. The article describes and compares these processes as exemplified in Greater Paris and San Diego (Southern California).
EN
Geographical research on French and US suburbia has concentrated in recent decades on urban sprawl and concomitant processes of devaluation and exclusion. In the case of the French banlieues, with their much-publicised urban riots, this particular analytic focus has become overwhelming, with resultant loss to other developments and perspectives. However, certain districts in the first (or inner) ring of both French and US suburbia are currently showing distinct urbanisation tendencies in planning and architecture, evident in the new usage of brownfield sites and the ongoing demolition, replacement, and rededication of the older building core. Such processes induce population changes, e.g. the displacement of lower in favour of higher income groups. Overall, they result in an architectonic, social and cultural heterogeneity that escapes the specificity of received categories and merits the term hybridisation. The article describes and compares these processes as exemplified in Greater Paris and San Diego (Southern California).
EN
The processes of social stigmatisation and marginalisation of former convicts form a serious obstacle to their social re-adaptation, The effects achieved as part of penitentiary resocialisation while serving a prison sentence are insufficient for them to become independent in free society, combined with the reaction of social reluctance and rejection. The purpose of this article is to present the role of institutionalised post-penitentiary assistance in counteracting social stigmatisation and marginalisation of former convicts. The article explains the notion of social stigmatisation and marginalisation, the meaning of resocialisation activities within the context of preparing an convict for releasing him/her from a correctional facility, as well as the scope and forms of post-penitentiary assistance. For the purposes of explaining stigmatisation, the author used theories of social stigma.
PL
Procesy stygmatyzacji i marginalizacji społecznej byłych skazanych stanowią istotną przeszkodę w ich społecznej readaptacji. Efekty osiągnięte w drodze resocjalizacji penitencjarnej w trakcie odbywania kary pozbawienia wolności są niewystarczające dla ich usamodzielnienia się w środowisku wolnościowym w zestawieniu z reakcją niechęci społecznej i odrzucenia. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie roli zinstytucjonalizowanej pomocy postpenitencjarnej w przeciwdziałaniu stygmatyzacji i marginalizacji społecznej byłych skazanych. W artykule wyjaśnione zostało pojęcie stygmatyzacji i marginalizacji społecznej, znaczenie oddziaływań resocjalizacyjnych w kontekście przygotowania skazanego do zwolnienia z zakładu karnego oraz zakres i formy pomocy postpenitencjarnej. Dla potrzeb wyjaśnienia stygmatyzacji posłużono się teoriami naznaczenia społecznego.
EN
The purpose of this paper is to define the stereotypical image of a transnational family in the context of the concept of stigma and stigmatisation. The analysis is based on the assumptions of the interactive theory, with particular reference to Erving Goffman’s concept of stigma. The introductory part of the paper, dealing with the underlying social  consequences of the functioning of transnational families, has been based on the characteristics of Polish post-EU accession migrations, with particular focus on the current issues. Attention has been paid to the legal problem connected with migrations of parents and resulting from these migrations failure of migrant parents to exercise their parental responsibility. The article also presents various views on the definition of a transnational family, being an alternative to the socio-cultural construct of a full family. The key theme in the discussion presented in the paper is the focus on the role of ‘social audience’ in the creation of the stigmatisation of a ‘euro-orphan’.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie stereotypowego wizerunku rodzin rozłącznych przestrzennie w świetle koncepcji piętna i stygmatyzacji. Analiza opiera się na założeniach interakcyjnych teorii, ze szczególnym nawiązaniem do koncepcji piętna Ervinga Goffmana. Wprowadzenie do problematyki społecznych konsekwencji funkcjonowania rodzin transnarodowych stanowi charakterystyka polskich migracji poakcesyjnych podkreślająca aktualność poruszanego zagadnienia. Zwrócono uwagę na problem prawny pojawiający się w związku z migracją zarobkową rodziców i niewywiązywaniem się z obowiązku władzy rodzicielskiej. Artykuł przedstawia również różne ujęcia definicyjne rodziny transnarodowej, która jest alternatywną konstrukcją społeczno-kulturową dla rodziny pełnej. Kluczowym wątek rozważań dotyczy roli ,,społecznej widowni” w wytwarzaniu stygmatu ,,eurosieroctwa”.
EN
By analyzing a variety of samples of the digital discourse on the French presidential couple, the aim of this article is to determine how certain stereotypes concerning intergenerational love are invoked in order to argue against the policy of Emmanuel Macron. Couples with a significant age difference in favor of women violate current doxa, because the relationship where the man is older is “normal” or “imaginable”. The Macrons are thus stigmatized and become the target of discriminatory discourse which mainly attacks the president’s wife because of her age and physical appearance. The thesis is that the mentioned stereotypes are mobilized for ad personam argumentation which aims to discredit the President of the Republic. The “anti-doxic” character of his relationship with Brigitte, put in the foreground by his antagonists, acts as an instrument of delegitimization of his person and, in the process, of his policy. In the analyzed case, the ad personam argumentation is carried out in a very peculiar way that one could call ad hoc an “ad coniugem” argumentation.
FR
En analysant quelques échantillons du discours numérique sur le couple présidentiel français, cet article a pour objectif de déterminer comment certains stéréotypes concernant l’amour intergénérationnel sont convoqués de manière à argumenter contre la politique d’Emmanuel Macron. Les couples où la femme est bien plus âgée que son partenaire s’opposent à la doxa ambiante qui tient pour naturelle une relation où c’est le contraire. Les époux Macron sont ainsi stigmatisés et deviennent la cible de discours discriminants visant principalement Brigitte Macron, attaquée pour son âge et son physique. La thèse est que le recours aux stéréotypes relève d’une argumentation ad personam qui a pour but de discréditer le président de la République. Le caractère « anti-doxique » de sa relation avec Brigitte, mis au premier plan par ses antagonistes, agit comme un instrument de délégitimation de sa personne et, chemin faisant, de sa politique. Dans le cas analysé, l’argumentation ad personam s’effectue à travers une démarche toute singulière que l’on pourrait appeler ad hoc une argumentation « ad coniugem ».
13
51%
EN
The article has been devoted to the phenomenon of anti-language and the focal point of the paper refers to the analysis of socio-cultural processes involved in the formation and reception of anti-language. The analysis has been aimed at defining the circumstances of the occurrence of anti-language as well as determining its role and functions at both individual and collective levels. My general approach to the study of anti-language outlines the social functions which govern the emergence of anti-languages with the explicit reference to language, context and text. Kenneth Burke (1966) defines man as a symbol-using animal. In his “Definition of Man”, Burke draws attention to the concept of negativity when he argues that negatives do not occur in nature and they are solely a product of human symbol systems. According to Burke, “(...) language and the negative ‘invented’ man (...)” (Burke 1966: 9). The study has begun with the premise that anti-language permanently depicts an antagonistic attitude towards the official language, whereas the negative attitude towards anti-language translates directly into stigmatisation of its users. The negativity of the affix anti—in anti-language has been culturally and socially structured as antithetical to language. Nevertheless, language and anti-language do not necessarily forge a typical antithesis in a polar sense. Victor Turner (/1969/ 1975) employs the affix anti—for his term anti-structure and explains that the affix has been used strategically and does not imply radical negation. This paper seeks to revise the one-dimensional attitude towards anti-language and fortify its social significance with a new quality. The basis for the study of anti-language has been its multi-functionality and multifaceted character. A small corpus of anti-languages has been analysed in order to illustrate a complex and polysemic nature of this phenomenon.
EN
This article focuses on welfare surveillance as a sociological sub-discipline and a specific issue that has emerged in the past two decades in relation to the neoliberal revolution and the transformation of social systems in the West. The paper has three main goals: (1) a theoretical conceptualisation of welfare surveillance based on an analysis of existing empirical research; (2) an analysis of socio-practical manifestations and impacts of welfare surveillance; and (3) a contextualisation of the implementation of welfare surveillance within the Czech social milieu during recent social reforms. Within the scope of the first two goals, the author shows that welfare surveillance is theoretically construed along the lines of a specific combination of social justice and neoliberal governmentality, and that welfare surveillance enables the application of specific illiberal practices to welfare applicants and recipients in order to effectively discipline and normalise them, which results in the stigmatisation and criminalisation of recipients. Given that there is relatively little research on surveillance in the Czech Republic, the article opens with an introduction to the issue of surveillance.
15
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

MITOLOGIE CZAJKI

50%
Porównania
|
2018
|
vol. 23
|
issue 2
139-150
EN
In this article I discuss the phenomenon of the mythology of a Polish-Jewish active artist in the second half of the twentieth century. This is a mythology of “long duration”, because it goes back to the interwar period, surrealism, avant-garde and Warsaw’s Bohemia. The example is provided by prose from Izabela Czajka Stachowicz but also statements of literary critics and journalists of Jan Kott, Krystyna Kolińska, and Ryszard Matuszewski. By means of discussing gender stereotypes and stigmas that the works of Czajka were described with after the war, I try to show the negative aspects of her mythology. In turn, I am looking for a reaction to stigmatization in the form of symbols of objects and animals in her prose.
PL
W artykule omawiam zjawisko mitologii polsko-żydowskiej artystki, aktywnej przede wszystkim w drugiej połowie XX wieku. Jest to mitologia „długiego trwania”, sięga bowiem czasów dwudziestolecia międzywojennego, surrealizmu, awangardy i warszawskiej cyganerii artystycznej. Przykładu dostarcza mi proza Izabeli Czajki Stachowicz, a także wypowiedzi krytyków literackich i publicystów: Jana Kotta, Krystyny Kolińskiej i Ryszarda Matuszewskiego. Omawiając stereotypy płciowe i stygmaty, jakimi opisywano po wojnie twórczość Czajki, staram się pokazać negatywne aspekty jej mitologii. Z kolei w jej prozie szukam reakcji na stygmatyzację w postaci symboli rzeczy i zwierząt (totemizm).
EN
The present article concerns an analysis of author’s own research findings on courtesy stigma in spouses of individuals with mobility impairments. The aim of the study was to determine the intensity of courtesy stigma in its two dimensions: perception and experience, in three spheres: affective, cognitive and behavioral. The respondents were 58 men and women in partnerships with persons who suffer from mobility impairments caused by an injury (spinal cord injury, brain damage, limb amputation) or a long-term condition (multiple sclerosis). Author’s own instrument was used to determine the intensity of courtesy stigma – The Courtesy Stigma Questionnaire designed on the basis of Affiliate Stigma Scale by W. W. S Mak and R. Y. M. Cheung. The study verified a differentiating impact of variables such as: type of cause of disability, age and sex of the able-bodied partner, determining whether they influence the intensity of courtesy stigma in both its dimensions.
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza wyników badań własnych dotyczących zjawiska stygmatyzacji przeniesionej u współmałżonków osób z niepełnosprawnością ruchową. Celem badań było ustalenie nasilenia tej stygmatyzacji z uwzględnieniem jej dwóch wymiarów: postrzeganej i doświadczanej w obszarach: afektywnym, poznawczym oraz behawioralnym. Badaniami objęto grupę 58 mężczyzn i kobiet pozostających w związkach partnerskich z osobami z nabytą niepełnosprawnością o urazowej (uraz rdzenia, uraz mózgu, amputacja kończyny) bądź przewlekłej etiologii (stwardnienie rozsiane). W celu określenia nasilenia stygmatyzacji zastosowano narzędzie własnej konstrukcji Kwestionariusz Stygmatyzacji Przeniesionej opracowane na podstawie Affiliate Stigma Scale autorstwa W. W. S Mak i R. Y. M. Cheung. W badaniach wstępnie zweryfikowano różnicujące działanie zmiennych, takich jak rodzaj przyczyn niepełnosprawności, wiek i płeć pełnosprawnego partnera, ustalając czy mają one znaczenie dla nasilenia stygmatyzacji w jej obu wymiarach.
EN
Especially for laymen, interpersonal relationships seem to be clumsy and chaotic. Due to the dynamics, uniqueness, emotionality and embedding of interpersonal relations in various situational contexts, they elude the scientific objective perspective of the approach. However, social sciences have generated a number of approaches that allow researchers to see it in a more coherent and research-operational way. Some of them are mentioned in the article. The semantic-linguistic approach is fertile and promising. I evoke them by citing two metaphors: organic and dramatic by Erving Goffman. I also pay attention to the individual and social nature of the conceptual category of the reflected self (Charles Cooley), which reveals the individual-social nature of this concept. Yet another is the much explaining the labeling approach of Howard Becker, the role of expectations (Robert Rosenthal) and the significant current of ethno-methodology. In addition to these well-known perspectives, new ones have emerged in recent years. These include the stigmatizing approach introduced by Goffman in the 1970s, but which has found new theoretical and research continuations today. Reaching for emotions is something completely new, especially in sociology. I am referring here to the importance of the emotion of shame as the most fundamental emotion in the terms of Thomas Scheff.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy postrzegania nadwagi i otyłości na rynku pracy oraz dyskryminacji związanej z tym zjawiskiem. Nadmierna masa ciała stała się bardzo poważnym problemem społecznym. Wzrost wskaźników nadwagi i otyłości stanowi istotny problem dla osób i polityki społecznej w krajach rozwiniętych. W niektórych krajach już ponad 50 proc. społeczeństwa ma problemy z nadmierną masą ciała. Dotychczasowa literatura podaje, że osoby zmagające się z nadwagą i otyłością są dyskryminowane w miejscu pracy. Badania wykazują, że osoby te są postrzegane jako mające mniejszy potencjał przywódczy, niższy iloraz inteligencji i skuteczność w porównaniu z osobami o normalnej wadze. Z tego też powodu osoby z nadmierną masą ciała są narażone na stygmatyzację i dyskryminację, mają mniejsze szanse na zatrudnienie na wyższych stanowiskach i niższe dochody. Artykuł pokazuje również, czy i jak osoby z nadwagą i otyłością mogą bronić swoich praw.
EN
This article addresses issues associated with the perception of obesity and being overweight in the labour market, and the issue of weight discrimination. Excess body weight has become a very serious social problem. The increase in rates of obesity and being overweight is a serious problem both for individuals and social policies in advanced societies. In some countries, over 50% of the population have excess body weight. The literature to date indicates that people struggling with being overweight and obesity are discriminated at work. Research shows that these individuals are believed to have lower leadership potential, a lower IQ and lower effectiveness compared to individuals of normal weight. For this reason, people with excess body weight are subjected to stigmatisation and discrimination, have limited chances of occupying managerial positions, and earn lower incomes. The article also shows whether and how overweight and obese people can defend their rights.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.