Search results

1

Z innej perspektywy. Anglicy w oczach polskich „kolonizatorów” (na przykładzie Angoli Ewy Winnickiej)

100%

Pasterska J.

Postscriptum Polonistyczne

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2016

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issue 2(18)

47-58

EN

The article discusses the volume of reports by Ewa Winnicka. The author of the article examines the contact between two different (Polish and British) cultures, both deeply rooted in different traditions and entangled by evident stereotypes. The reason for such cultural interference is, that Polish emigration to Great Britain is facetiously described by the author as ‘the invasion of the colonizers’. Winnicka’s narrative strategy enables readers to observe localinhabitants as well as Polish migrants who have different experiences and attitudes. This ‘unsymmetrical dialogue’ reveals that, a ‘colonizer’ as a stranger must always lose, because he exists in between his native community (that he does not belong to anymore) and the new one (that he aspires to, trying to prove that he is worth being accepted).

2

Kasper Bro Larsen, Recognizing the Stranger: Recognition Scenes in the Gospel of John (Brill's Paperback Collection; Leiden – Boston: Brill, 2012)

100%

Kręcidło J.

The Biblical Annals

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2016

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vol. 6

|

issue 4

715-717

EN

Book review: Kasper Bro Larsen, Recognizing the Stranger: Recognition Scenes in the Gospel of John (Brill's Paperback Collection; Leiden – Boston: Brill, 2012). Pp. XIV + 266. EUR 42,00. USD 52.00. ISBN 9789004226883 (Paperback).

3

Pedagogika społeczna wobec Innego. Solidarność z Innym w kontekście globalizacji

89%

Bielska E.

Chowanna

|

2019

313-326

EN

The subject of the analyses undertaken in this article is solidarity with the Other in global society. The first part of the article focuses on the status of the Other (the outline is based on the characteristics presented by Claude Lévi-Strauss, George Simmel, Zygmunt Bauman, Bernhard Waldenfels and Emmanuel Lévinas). The subject of the second part is the category of solidarity – its analysis has been made by referring to the sociological and axiological perspective. In the third part, which is a kind of summary, the ambivalence of the status of the Other in the context of globalization is presented.

4

Kira jako (nie)obcy. O protagoniście mangi Death Note Takeshi Obaty i Tsugumi Ohby

89%

Dobrzycki J.

Paidia i Literatura

|

2020

|

issue 2

149-160

EN

The article analyzes the alienation of the main character of the manga series Death Note, who owns the Death Notebook referred to in the title. The said notebook allows to kill any person. Drawing upon the theses of Michel Foucault related to the rights of monarchs of bygone times to condemn individuals to death, and to ritualizing death itself, the author of the article shows Kira as a continuator of the said monarchs. The motif of death from the hands of another person is indicated as a form of revenge for harms suffered by one, based on considerations by Jean Baudrillard. The text also aims to show that comic books are not just entertainment for the masses, but can convey serious content instead.

5

Między nami sąsiadami… Obcy, cudzoziemiec – stosunek studentów do obywateli Ukrainy

88%

Guzy-Steinke H.

Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja

|

2020

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vol. 17

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issue 1

27-39

EN

The article presents a part of research on the students’ attitude towards foreigners, in particular Ukrainian citizens. In Poland it is currently the largest group of foreigners, as well as the largest group of foreign students studying at Polish universities. The text contains references to the sociological concept of „foreign”, especially to G. Simmel’s, and also to the category of „stereotype”, which is usually associated with the perception of different nationalities. The presented fragment of research compares the attitude of students to the stereotype of a Ukrainian, which has been acknowledged and consolidated in Poland over the years of common history. Respondents also rated functioning of Ukrainian acquaintances at the university and in the dorm. Respondents in their opinion claim that the group of Ukrainians is large, but it is almost invisible at the university. This is due to the low access of foreigners to student life and isolation among „their own”. The attitude of Polish youth is certainly significant for this type of behavior. Polish students, despite declarations, do not make enough effort to get to know and maintain closer contacts with colleagues from Ukraine.

6

Between us, neighbours… Stranger, foreigner – students’ attitude towards Ukrainian citizens

88%

Guzy-Steinke H.

Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja

|

2020

|

vol. 17

|

issue 1

41-52

EN

The article presents a part of research on the students’ attitude towards foreigners, in particular Ukrainian citizens. In Poland it is currently the largest group of foreigners, as well as the largest group of foreign students studying at Polish universities. The text contains references to the sociological concept of “foreign”, especially to G. Simmel’s, and also to the category of “stereotype”, which is usually associated with the perception of different nationalities. The presented fragment of research compares the attitude of students to the stereotype of a Ukrainian, which has been acknowledged and consolidated in Poland over the years of common history. Respondents also rated functioning of Ukrainian acquaintances at the university and in the dorm. Respondents in their opinion claim that the group of Ukrainians is large, but it is almost invisible at the university. This is due to the low access of foreigners to student life and isolation among “their own”. The attitude of Polish youth is certainly significant for this type of behavior. Polish students, despite declarations, do not make enough effort to get to know and maintain closer contacts with colleagues from Ukraine.

7

Migration and the status of 'stranger' in a homologously interpreted local space

88%

Okrasa W.

Journal of Modern Science

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2021

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issue 2/47/2021

285-306

EN

ehT aim of this article is empirical exploration of the dependence of the status of a 'stranger' on the local and social context. In that context s/he acts as a partici of migration process that represents dynamics of the locally relativised attrib of the environment / 'localisation'. eTh thesis statement concerns the interference of constitutive ecological, organizational, cultural and symbolic dimensions i the social space. uThs the paper verifies validity of the subsequent hypotheses that 'environment' (coexistent attributes, fields, characteristics) that constitute the confi uration of the 'homological structures' as defined by Pierre Bourdieu and specific for particular local communities inuflences perception and attitude towards a strang ehT operationalisation of such complex constructs, along with the contextualisation o the migration phenomenon involving the stranger-environment relationship, leads t the adoption of an interdisciplinary research perspective that in addition to sociol includes geographic economy, demography and spatial statistics. eTh analysis of the aforementioned dependencies requires a multi-source database from various survey and administrative data (the Local Data Bank of the Statistics Poland). eTh result of the analyses confirm that the main determinant of the attitude towards a stran (as a migrant) and their status in the changing environment is the local social spa (interpreted in a homologous way).

8

Gladwell M. (2019). Talkng to Strangers: What We Should Know About the People We Don’t Know

88%

Buoncompagni G.

Central European Journal of Communication

|

2021

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vol. 14

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issue 2(29)

361-363

9

The ‘Stranger’ as a Challenge for Communion Ecclesiology

75%

Nadbrzeżny A.

Roczniki Teologiczne

|

2016

|

vol. 63

|

issue 2: Teologia dogmatyczna - English Version

191-204

EN

In this paper, the author deals with the question of communion ecclesiology in the context of the current migration crisis in Europe. Contextual theology based on the correlation method tries to develop the understanding of the Church’s essence and mission by using the ecclesiological model called communion and putting it in the contemporary social context. The notion of the ‘stranger’ introduced by the sociologists into the public discourse seems to be very operative and useful category for ecclesiology as well. The first part of the article presents the phenomenon of the stranger in sociological perspective. The second part discusses Jesus as Sacrament of God in the encounter with strangers. The author analyses Jesus’ words and his attitude to strangers and socially alienated people. The third part describes the Church as the sacrament of responsibility and open home for strangers and poor people. The Church can be also understood as the mother with a heart open especially to those who suffer from war and misery. In the final part of this paper the author presents some pastoral implications. He draws attention to the necessity to enhance the social aspect of Eucharist and to encourage the believers to create the ‘culture of solidarity’ with refugees and strangers in need.

10

„Seks czarnuchów dla każdego”. Czarny intruz w przestrzeni białego dyskursu w powieści amerykańskiego mainstreamu przełomu lat 60. i 70.

75%

Kamionowski J.

Białostockie Studia Literaturoznawcze

|

2015

|

vol. 6

EN

The article describes the intrusion of the previously “invisible” black Stranger into the “white” discursive space. It further shows how this phenomenon was represented in the mainstream American novel of the 1960s and 1970s. The author analyses three works: Mr. Sammler’s Planet by S. Bellow, The Tenants by B. Malamud, and Rabbit, Redux by J. Updike. Here, the black intrusion into the “white language” is observed in threes spheres: symbolic, aesthetic, and ideological. This contamination of white discourse causes fear and rejection, but, at the same time, it brings fascination with Afro-American – a dangerous Stranger. Eventually, the novels confirm the reflection by Toni Morrison: since American literature is unmistakably a product of the dominant culture of whites, it therefore, becomes invariably connected with Afro-American presence in the United States.

11

The Fantasmatic Stranger in Polish Nationalism: Critical Discourse Analysis of LPR’s Homophobic Discourse

75%

Shibata Y.

Polish Sociological Review

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2009

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vol. 166

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issue 2

251-272

EN

The article presents how the discursive discrimination of homosexuals serves nationalism in the contemporary Polish society. Following a brief conceptual location of homophobia within the ideological movement of nationalism, the exemplar homophobic discourse of the Polish nationalists, i.e. that of the League of Polish Families (LPR), is examined through the interdisciplinary method of critical discourse analysis (CDA). In the theoretical part, the sexual minority is applied the status of the “stranger” discussed in cultural sociology; the nationalist is in turn conceptualized as a social-phenomenological actor, who perceives and categorizes the sexual “stranger” by using the knowledge circulating at the Schützean lifeworld. The CDA of the discriminatory discourse of LPR politicians, who represent such homophobic nationalists, attests that homosexuals are mobilized as the “fantasmatic” stranger in today’s Poland.

12

Obcy – a jednak swoi. O Kurpiach z wyboru i ich zasługach dla kształtowania tożsamości kurpiowskiej

63%

Parzych M.

Biografistyka Pedagogiczna

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2016

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vol. 1

|

issue 1

71-84

EN

Kurpie is a region known today as the bastion of tradition and culture, which has its own local dialect, traditional outfit and ceremonies. This article contains biographies of people whose activities contributed to enhancing the regional identity of Kurpie. Two priests, Skierkowski and Mieczysław Mieszko, Dr Józef Psarski and a forest ranger named Władysław Rynkiewicz were among those who contributed to saving the cultural heritage of Kurpie. Their engagement in Kurpian life had a positive influence on the region’s development and the common awareness of its inhabitants. The biographies of these extraordinary people show how much an individual can contribute to the life of the whole community.

PL

Kurpie to region postrzegany współcześnie jako ostoja tradycji i kultury, przestrzeń, w której zachowała się gwara, przywiązanie do tradycyjnego stroju oraz obrzędów. W niniejszym artykule zostały zaprezentowane biografie osób, których działalność przyczyniła się do wzmocnienia tożsamości Kurpiów z własnym regionem. Ks. Władysław Skierkowski, doktor Józef Psarski, leśniczy Władysław Rynkiewicz, czy ksiądz Mieczysław Mieszko to ludzie, którzy swoją działalnością przyczynili się do ocalenia dziedzictwa kulturowego Kurpi. Ich zaangażowanie w życie Kurpiowszczyzny wpłynęło bardzo pozytywnie na rozwój regionu i wzmocnienie samoświadomości mieszkańców Puszczy. Życiorysy tych niezwykłych osób są przykładem jak wiele jednostka może wnieść w życie społeczności.

13

Studenci o relacjach z Innym/Obcym

63%

Leżucha M., Smyła J.

Edukacja Międzykulturowa

|

2022

|

vol. 18

|

issue 3

101-118

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczące definicyjnego ujęcia Innego/Obcego, źródeł wiedzy oraz osobistych doświadczeń badanych, odnoszących się do osób od nich odmiennych. W pierwszej części artykułu zostały przytoczone definicje Innego/Obcego w ujęciu różnych autorów oraz ukazano różnicę tych dwóch kategorii pojęciowych. W dalszej części opracowania przedstawione zostały negatywne reakcje społeczeństwa na inność/obcość ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem postaw rasistowskich i ksenofobicznych. Zaprezentowane zostały wyniki dotychczasowych badań ukazujących skalę pejoratywnych zachowań wobec Innych/Obcych w społeczeństwie polskim. W trzeciej części opracowania przedstawiono wyniki autorskich badań dotyczące relacji studentów Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego i Państwowej Wyższej Szkoły Techniczno-Ekonomicznej w Jarosławiu z Innymi/Obcymi, będących częścią ich najbliższego otoczenia, w tym studenckiego. Analiza wyników badań stanowi próbę udzielenia odpowiedzi na pytanie: „Kim jest Inny/Obcy w percepcji studentów?” oraz „Jakie są relacje badanych z Innymi/Obcymi?”.

EN

The article presents the results of the research on the definitional view of the Other/Other, the sources of knowledge and personal experiences of the respondents relating to people different from them. In the first part of the article, the definitions of Otherness/Alien according to different authors are cited and the difference of these two conceptual categories is shown. In the next part of the paper, the negative reactions of society to otherness/ foreignness are presented, with particular emphasis on racist and xenophobic attitudes. Research showing the scale of pejorative behavior toward Otherness/ foreignness in Polish society is presented. The third part of the study presents the results of the author’s research on the relations of students of the University of Rzeszow and the State Higher School of Technology and Economics in Jaroslaw with Others/Aliens, who are part of their immediate environment, including students. The analysis of the research results is an attempt to answer the question “Who is the Other/Other in the perception of students?”.

14

The (Lost) Voice of a Woman: the Gorgonowa Case in Irena Krzywicka’s Narrative

63%

Kurowicka A., Serafin E., Wróblewska-Trochimiuk E.

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

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2016

|

issue 11

127-142

EN

The article analyses Irena Krzywicka’s coverage of the so-called Gorgonowa case, in which a Yugoslavian citizen, Rita Gorgon, was accused of killing her teenage stepdaughter. The authors notice two seemingly dissonant practices in the analysed text: Krzywicka’s involvement in the fight for women’s rights is accompanied by taking away the accused’s voice. The feminist writer treats the case as a pretext for a critique of the bourgeoisie and its institutions, which she achieves by revealing and exaggerating the theatricality coupled with sadism present in the court proceedings. The strategy of exoticisation of Rita Gorgon, which affected her perception as a stranger, is also explored. In the emotionally charged description of the trial, there is surprisingly little space for the voice of the accused herself, who is not represented by Krzywicka, but merely presented. The pursuit of rehabilitation undertaken by Rita Gorgon’s daughter and granddaughter appears to be an attempt to symbolically return the voice to the accused and to recreate the “feminine continuum”.

15

A Stranger in My Own Land: Can a Sojourner Belong to the Household?

63%

Clifton B.

The Biblical Annals

|

2023

|

vol. 13

|

issue 3

367-383

EN

Occasionally, the biblical term גר has been taken to refer to a “dependent worker” or “client” based on the thought that household membership can be gained through work provided to the household. Mention of household membership tests the identity of the sojourner in the ancient world as stranger or foreigner; a social category listed with widows and orphans-whose status is also defined by the household- as deserving of protection. Given its centrality as a basic social unit in the ancient Near East, we might expect that purchase in a household would grant a status that dissolves the social distance and attendant consequences (fragility of income, lack of patrimony, object of suspicion) thought to be borne by גרים. In what sense, then, is a “dependent worker” who secures membership in the household a גר ? This article reconsiders how distant a person must be from the society within which he resides to make him a ,גר shifting the semantic emphasis of this term away from origin and towards social integration.

16

Trójca Święta jako epifania inności. Wgląd hermeneutyczny

63%

Barth G.

Roczniki Teologiczne

|

2017

|

vol. 64

|

issue 2: Teologia dogmatyczna

191-220

EN

This text is an attempt to question of otherness, which has become in recent years involved, but also troublesome. Every day we experience various forms of discrimination, suspicion, exclusion, that cause misunderstandings divisions, conflicts. These circumstances make the difference (otherness) is treated by contemporary thinkers, including theologians, as an urgent problem. Theological thought, referring to the rich tradition of the Christian faith, in which the main Other is the transcendent God, trying to rethink the importance of this truth in the modern context. This thought can offer in the way of understanding otherness, that comes from reflection on the Trinity, in which three Persons stand in respect of otherness, where the irreducible distinction becomes a condition for the possibility of their relationship. This model is a proposal for further exploration sense of otherness, especially in the areas: anthropology, sociology, ethics, education. In the text are shown the position of some modern thinkers, who are drawing inspiration from the Christian tradition, develop hermeneutics otherness.

PL

Tekst podejmuje zagadnienie inności, które stało się w ostatnich latach zajmujące, ale i kłopotliwe. Na co dzień doświadczamy bowiem różnych przejawów dyskryminacji, podejrzliwości, wykluczenia, które powodują nieporozumienia, podziały, konflikty. Wszystkie te okoliczności sprawiają, że inność jest traktowana przez współczesnych myślicieli, także teologów, jako palący problem. Myśl teologiczna, nawiązując do bogatej tradycji chrześcijańskiej wiary, w której głównym innym jest transcendentny Bóg, próbuje na nowo przemyśleć znaczenie tej prawdy we współczesnym kontekście. Może zaoferować w ten sposób rozumienie inności, które wypływa z refleksji nad Trójcą Świętą, w której trzy Osoby stoją w stosunku inności, gdzie ich nieredukowalne rozróżnienie staje się warunkiem możliwości ich relacji. Model ten stanowi propozycję dalszych poszukiwań sensu inności, zwłaszcza w obszarach: antropologii, socjologii, etyki, edukacji. W tekście ukazane są także niektóre stanowiska współczesnych myślicieli, którzy czerpiąc inspirację z tradycji chrześcijańskiej, rozwijają hermeneutykę inności.

17

Mimetyczny obcy w biblijnych relacjach o zaparciu się św. Piotra

63%

Romejko A.

Rocznik Antropologii Historii

|

2013

|

issue 2(5), Genealogie kultury

135–152

XX

The paper is a mimetic analysis of the reality of a stranger in the context of biblical accounts of the denial of Saint Peter. As the community of Jesus and his disciples has fallen apart, Peter is looking for a new one. He thinks he has found friends in the courtyard of the high priest’s house. Belonging to the community does not last long. Peter is treated as an uninvited foreigner and intruder. Peter attempts to defend himself. His behaviour is characterised by the mimetic mechanism. He rejects his Master because he hopes to find new friends in this way. Peter’s behaviour is far from unique. Rather, it should be treated as the model (pattern) which is repeated by all those who seek shelter and acceptance in a new community. Everyone who has experience losing a community and is looking for a new one (whether it is a „new pupil” in a class or an immigrant in a foreign country) will recreate Peter’s experience to a certain extent.

18

Constructing the Hybrid Identity of the ‘Stranger’: The Case of Greek Immigrants in Canada

63%

Karachaliou R., Tsakona V., Archakis A., Ralli A.

Półrocznik Językoznawczy Tertium

|

2018

|

vol. 3

|

issue 1

PL

W naszym artykule stawiamy sobie za cel zbadanie różnych sposobów, na jakie greccy imigranci budują swoją tożsamość kulturową. Najnowsze podejścia do tożsamości kulturowej imigrantów wykorzystują koncepcję transnacjonalizmu, w celu wyjaśnienia ich hybrydyczności i płynności. W pracy zamierzamy pokazać, że pojęcie "obcego" autorstwa Georga Simmela ([1908] 1971) można również odnieść do analizy i interpretacji tego typu transnarodowych tożsamości. W tym kontekście, bazując na teorii pozycjonowania Daviesa i Harré’go (1990), twierdzimy, iż nasi respondenci budują hybrydową tożsamość "obcego" głównie na dwa sposoby: i) jako jednocześnie Grecy i Kanadyjczycy, ii) jako Grecy, wtedy kiedy nie przebywają w Grecji. Nasze dane zostały zebrane w 15 częściowo ustrukturyzowanych wywiadach badających imigranckie doświadczenia Greków, którzy wyemigrowali do Kanady w okresie od połowy lat czterdziestych do późnych lat siedemdziesiątych. Analiza skupia się na: (a) środkach dyskursywnych stosowanych przez respondentów w celu skonstruowania swojej hybrydowej tożsamości "obcego" oraz (b) konkretnych celach, które te środki spełniają. Badania wydają się wskazywać, że hybrydowe samookreślenie osiąga się poprzez użycie: (a) zastrzeżenia: "Jestem / czuję się Grekiem, ale ...", (b) metafory, (c) krótkiego opowiadania i (d) mechanizmu naprawczego. Twierdzimy również, że poprzez budowanie tożsamości „obcego” uwzględnieni w badaniu imigranci uznają się za Greków a jednocześnie za obywateli kanadyjskich, a przy tym dystansują się od Greków żyjących w Grecji i odpowiadających im negatywnych stereotypów.

EN

The aim of our study is to examine the multiple ways Greek immigrants position themselves in terms of cultural identity. Recent approaches to immigrants’ cultural identities tend to employ the concept of transnationalism to account for their hybridity and fluidity. Here, we intend to show that Georg Simmel’s ([1908] 1971) notion of the stranger is also relevant to the analysis and interpretation of such transnational identities. In this context, and drawing on positioning theory (Davies and Harré 1990), we argue that our informants mainly construct hybrid ‘stranger’ identities as both Greeks and Canadians or as feeling Greek but not when in Greece. Our data consists of 15 semi-structured interviews exploring the immigrant experiences of Greeks who migrated to Canada from the mid-1940s until the late 1970s. The analysis focuses on (a) the discursive means the informants employ to construct the hybrid identity of the ‘stranger’, and (b) the specific purposes they fulfill. It appears that hybrid self-positionings are achieved via the use of (a) the discourses of ‘being’ and ‘feeling’, (b) the disclaimer I am/feel Greek but…, (c) metaphors, (d) small stories, (e) the evaluative phrase this is difficult to answer…, and (f) repair mechanisms. We also argue that, via constructing ‘stranger’ identities, the immigrants of our data claim Greekness, on the one hand, and legitimize themselves as Canadian citizens on the other, while also distancing themselves from the Greeks living in Greece and the respective negative stereotypes.

19

Słowa i milczenie w prozie pisarza emigracyjnego Bronisława Świderskiego

51%

Sawczuk M.

Facta Simonidis

|

2016

|

vol. 9

|

issue 1

245-261

EN

Bronisław Świderski is one of the writers who represents Polish emigration literature after 1968. He is the author of three novels – The Autobiographies (1981), The Stranger’s Words (1998), The Assistant of Death (2007) – and of many short stories published in Polish newspapers and magazines. In the literary world created by Świderski the main role is played by the language which often becomes an outright character of his literary texts. Świderski’s innovative conceptualization is characterized by the fact that he shows the appreciation of silence, both in the communication process and in literature. Interesting implications in the storyline, narration and punctuation result in deep reflection on the present communication, especially in the context of meeting with the Other, embodied by the emigrant, a person from another culture or simply by every different man.

PL

Bronisław Świderski to jeden z przedstawicieli polskiej literatury emigracyjnej po 1968 r. Jest autorem trzech powieści – Autobiografie (1981), Słowa obcego (1998), Asystent śmierci (2007) – oraz licznych opowiadań publikowanych w polskiej prasie i czasopismach. W literackim świecie Świderskiego niezwykle ważną rolę odgrywa język, który częstokroć staje się wręcz równoprawnych bohaterem tekstów. Nowatorskim ujęciem u Świderskiego jest dowartościowanie milczenia w procesie komunikacji, a także na gruncie literatury. Ciekawe zastosowania fabularne, narracyjne oraz interpunkcyjne stają się przyczynkiem do pogłębionej refleksji nad współczesną komunikacją, zwłaszcza w obliczu spotkania z Innym, którego uosabia emigrant, osoba z odrębnego kręgu kulturowego, a także, najzwyczajniej, każdy odmienny człowiek.

20

Intelektualiści totalni jako przedstawiciele inteligencji – teoria warstwy "względnie oderwanej" Karla Mannheima

51%

Kozubowski J.

Stan Rzeczy

|

2019

|

issue 1(16) Intelektualiści totalni

235-260

XX

W artykule zaprezentowano koncepcję inteligencji Karla Mannheima oraz usytuowano ją w kontekście teorii wiedzy socjologa. We wstępnej części pracy dookreślone zostały terminy wykorzystywane przez Mannheima. Na podstawie teorii socjologicznej przedstawiono znaczenie pojęć „inteligencja” oraz „intelektualiści”. Sławna teza o istnieniu „względnie oderwanej inteligencji” opiera się na założeniu, że ta wyróżniona warstwa społeczna nie uczestniczy bezpośrednio w walce grupowych świadomości (utopii i ideologii). W ramach procesu historycznego nastąpiła jej alienacja, umożliwiło jej to dostrzeżenie historycznie zdeterminowanej prawdy. Część inteligencji, która wypełnia swoją misję poszukiwania tej prawdy, zostaje w artykule nazwana intelektualistami totalnymi, posiada ona bowiem zdolność oglądu totalności społeczeństwa. W pracy przeanalizowano koncepcję totalności oraz jej heglowskie źródła. Dystans wobec problemów społeczeństwa klasowego, który jest skutkiem nowoczesnego wykształcenia intelektualisty, pozwala mu na eksplorację pełnego obrazu różnych ścierających się światopoglądów. Wykształcenie sprawia jednak, że staje się on obcym elementem dla społeczeństwa. Ta cecha intelektualisty została omówiona przez pryzmat eseju Georga Simmla pt. "Obcy". W końcowej części artykułu poruszony został problem społecznej roli intelektualistów totalnych, którzy pomimo swojego odosobnienia powinni zaangażować się w politykę i przyjąć na siebie rolę społecznego doradcy.

EN

This article concerns Karl Mannheim’s theory of the intelligentsia and its importance for his sociology of knowledge. The terms used by Mannheim are defined in the introductory part of the article. The meaning of the words “intelligentsia” and “intellectuals” are based on diverse sociological theories. The famous concept of a “relatively unattached intelligentsia” derives from the assumption that this social stratum does not participate directly in the struggle between different group consciousnesses (utopias and ideologies). As a result of historical processes it became alienated from society and was thus able to gain a wider understanding of historical truth. In the article, the type of intellectual who is seeking this truth is called a total intellectual, because such a person has the ability to see society as a totality. The concept of totality and its Hegelian sources are also analysed in the paper. Being distanced from the problems of class society is a result of modern education and allows the intellectual to explore the holistic picture of the struggle between different worldviews. However, because of their education, intellectuals are seen as a foreign element in society. This feature of the intelligentsia is discussed in reference to Georg Simmel’s essay “The Stranger.” The final part of the article deals with the problem of the social role of total intellectuals, who should try to become engaged in politics despite their isolated position.

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