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EN
The aim of the article is to discuss the possibilities of supporting the learner's reflection on posi­tive, negative or ambivalent feelings and emotions, which are part of the language learning process. That kind of reflection, which is an activity that also supports the development of language learne­r's autonomy, helps the learner to understand and to manage their learning process. To know how to manage all the emotional factors affecting learning, including motivation, attitudes, self-esteem and anxiety levels, it is necessary to know many indirect language learning strategies. By knowing and using them the learner can gain control over the business of language learning and achieve good re­sults.It seems to be an important job of the language teacher to pass on all the relevant information on the mentioned strategies. It is also important to include that kind of information in the language lear­ning textbooks. In the recent years many of them have begun to embed strategies into their content. The goal of this article is to discuss the form and the quality of the strategy training offered in the te­xtbooks for German as foreign language.
PL
Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie wyników badań pilotażowych dotyczących samoregulacji oraz wyznaczania strategii motywacyjnych i kognitywnych w osiąganiu celów w uczeniu się przez uczniów z dysleksją w wieku gimnazjalnym. Badania objęły 38 uczniów uczących się w szkołach gimnazjalnych w województwie mazowieckim. Wszyscy przebadani uczniowie posiadali opinię o specyficznych trudnościach w uczeniu się (dysleksja). Do badania wykorzystano dwa kwestionariusze: Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) Paul R. Pintricha, Elisabeth V. De Groot (1990) w polskiej adaptacji Agnieszki Dłużniewskiej i Izabelli Kucharczyk oraz Goal Orientation and Learning Strategies Survey (GOAL-S) Martina Dowsona i Dennisa M. McInerneya (2004) również w polskiej adaptacji Dłużniewskiej i Kucharczyk. Kwestionariusz MSLQ składa się z pięciu podskal: Poczucie własnej skuteczności, Wartość wewnętrzna, Lęk przed testami, Wykorzystywanie strategii kognitywnych, Samoregulacja. Kwestionariusz GOAL-S podzielony jest na trzy części. Pierwsza dotyczy celów i strategii uczenia się. W jej skład wchodzą trzy podskale: Dążenie do prezentowania umiejętności i możliwości uczenia się, Podnoszenie samooceny, Unikanie pracy. Druga część to Cele w nauce i cele społeczne; się zawiera ona następujące podskale: Przynależność społeczna, Akceptacja społeczna, Zainteresowanie społeczne, Odpowiedzialność społeczna, Status społeczny. Trzecia, ostatnia część bada Strategie kognitywne (Doskonalenie, Organizacja, Powtarzanie) oraz Strategie metakognitywne (Monitorowanie, Planowanie, Regulacja). Szczegółowa analiza wyników ukazuje zależności pomiędzy poziomem motywacji i samoregulacji a wyborem poznawczych i metapoznawczych strategii uczenia się. Zaprezentowane badania pozwalają wyodrębnić czynniki, które mają istotne znaczenie w osiąganiu sukcesów w nauce badanej grupy uczniów ze specjalnymi potrzebami edukacyjnymi.
EN
The purpose of this article is to present the findings of a pilot study on self-regulation and motivational and cognitive strategies used by middle school students with dyslexia to achieve their learning goals. The study covered 38 students in middle schools in Mazovia Province. All the participants had a statement of specific learning disabilities (dyslexia). Two questionnaires were used for the purpose of the study: the Polish adaptation of Paul R. Pintrich and Elisabeth V. De Groot’s Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) (1990) by Agnieszka Dłużniewska and Izabella Kucharczyk and the Polish adaptation of Martin Dowson and Dennis M. McInerney’s Goal Orientation and Learning Strategies Survey (GOAL-S) (2004) by Dłużniewska and Kucharczyk. The MSLQ consists of five subscales: Sense of Self-Efficacy, Intrinsic Value, Test Anxiety, Cognitive Strategy Use and Self-Regulation. The GOAL-S questionnaire is divided into three parts. The first one concerns learning goals and strategies. It is composed of three subscales: Aiming at Presenting One’s Skills and at a Chance to Learn, Raising One’s Self-Esteem and Work Avoidance. The second part refers to Academic Goals and Social Goals and contains the following subscales: Social Affiliation, Social Approval, Social Concern, Social Responsibility and Social Status. The third part examines Cognitive Strategies (Elaboration, Organization and Rehearsal) and Metacognitive Strategies (Monitoring, Planning and Regulating). The detailed analysis of the findings shows a relationship between the level of motivation and self-regulation and the choice of cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies. The study presented makes it possible to isolate the factors that have considerable significance in achieving academic success by the group of students with special educational needs under study.
PL
In this paper we propose to study, through the results of the reflexive activity of verbalization, cognitive and metacognitive strategies that advanced Polish native learners in French are implementing to construct their representations of the functioning of the French grammatical aspect. The value of the grammatical aspect, expressed in French by the opposition between the passé composé tense and imparfait tense, do not completely coincide with that of the Polish aspectual opposition between perfective and imperfective verbs. Thus, the objective of this research is to analyze the impact of implicit and explicit knowledge from the source language on the construction of the operational rules concerning the grammatical aspect in French. In particular, it will be aimed to characterize the nature of this knowledge and verify how the educational culture of Polish learners affects the processing of grammatical input of the target language.
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