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EN
The diatoms communities of Trzcianka Stream were characterized by high species diversity. The research carried out in 2009–2010 made possible to indicate 158 taxa of diatoms, mainly the most numerous Navicula gregaria, N. lanceolata, Planothidium lanceolatum, Amphora pediculus and Surirella minuta – a cosmopolitan species, frequent in different types of water reservoir with low level of the electrolytic conductivity. The alkaliphilous (pH>7) and the eutraphentic diatoms, which are usually characteristic for fertile water ecosystems, were dominated in each researched station.
EN
Geographical words referring to water, such as river, stream sea or lake, have been used in language since the earliest. As water is considered essential for life in general, the names of water reservoirs and watercourses became popular and frequently used items in all languages. The present study is focused on the English names of natural water reservoirs (sea, lake) and watercourses (river, stream) and their regional spread in the 12th–15th centuries. The Old English names of watercourses and natural water reservoirs, sӕ, flod and ea, either survived in Middle English in a modified form or were (rarely) replaced by loanwords as the effect of the Norman Conquest of England in the 11th century. The research is concentrated on texts selected from the Innsbruck Corpus of Middle English Prose (Marcus 2008), with some material coming from the OED and MED. The analysis will show the extent of the loss of the original Anglo-Saxon words or their spread, frequently with a modified meaning. The analysis will also include the statistics of the terms in question in prose texts representing the chief dialects of the period. As regards the method, the present author makes use of the traditional semantic theories (e.g. Lyons 1977) and the prototype theory (e.g. Geeraerts 1997).
PL
Przedstawiono praktyczne aspekty programowania w języku Java. Zbadano możliwości zwiększenia wydajności programu w Javie w obrębie zarządzania zasobami. Przeprowadzono pomiary czasu wykonania programu dla operacji strumieniowych w zakresie odczytu i zapisu pliku z zastosowaniem zwykłej techniki zamykania pliku (instrukcja try) oraz automatycznego zarządzania zasobami (try-with-resources). Wykazano, że właściwie zapisany kod programu ma duży wpływ na wydajność programu Javy. Odpowiednia konstrukcja kodu Javy może znacznie skrócić czas wykonywania programu Javy.
XX
The article discusses some aspects of the efficiency of programming in Java. Performance testing of Java code related to automatic resource management were conducted. The measurements of the runtime of the program for operation in the field of streaming read and write the file using the try and a try-with-resources. The research has shown that a properly written program code has a large impact on the efficiency of a Java program. The proper design of Java code can significant-ly shorten the runtime of the Java program.
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