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EN
The article presents the Ukrainian experience of Polish language courses for adults, which is based on competence and structural approaches to the process of learning a second language. To use the linguistic competence is possible at all levels of language, and it facilitates the optimization of the educational process and to enhance the cognitive activity.
Polonica
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2018
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vol. 38
109-124
EN
Since the 1950s one can observe the emergence of a new research field in linguistics, namely, language contact. This resulted in the development of extended studies on various aspects of utterances which occur in the context of bi- or multilingualism. One of the phenomena related to language contact is code-switching, which has been examined thoroughly and from different perspectives throughout the last decades. In this paper, the author considers possibilities of using the MLF model in the analysis of bilingual speech. Examples selected from the language data, which had been obtained during a role-play game, illustrated the process of analysis leading to the indication of the matrix language in code switching. The study of the form of nouns allowed to draw conclusions regarding the phenomenon of mutual mapping of the language structures that build a bilingual clause, and it resulted in indicating further requirements for research.
3
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K připravovanému Slovníku raněnovověké češtiny

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EN
The article presents information about the preparation of the Dictionary of Early Modern Czech taking place at the Department of Language Development of the Czech Language Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences. The Lexical Database of Humanistic and Baroque Czech is the basic material source for the creation of the planned dictionary. The authors evaluate the present state of knowledge in the field and describe the methodological and technical constraints given by the nature of historical texts. However, the structural method elaborated by Igor Němec makes it possible to sufficiently reconstruct objectively defunct parts of the lexical system that refer to extralingual reality which no longer exists. The authors conclude by defining the necessary technical, personnel, and institutional support required.
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Strukturální přístup k sociálním reprezentacím

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EN
„Structural approach to social representations“ reacts to the article published in previous issue of E-psychologie „Theory of social representations“ (Novák, 2009). Based on knowledge acquired during lectures and workshops of „EuroPhd on Social Representation and Communication“ in Rome (http://www.europhd.eu) and relevant literature the author provides a different perspective on the phenomenon of social representations. Furthermore, the structural approach, which was mentioned and not further developed in the previous article, is characterized. Serge Moscovici, according to Billig (1988) both the Marx and the Lenin of the revolutionary movement of social representations, claims, that the content of social representation is polysemic in its nature (Moscovici, 2000). However, this statement doesn´t refer to the fact that the concept of social representations can be used arbitrarily and often in contradiction with the fundamental principles of his theory. In the present article, the author aims at a characteristic of social representations along with scientists who develop the original social representation theory.
CS
Příspěvek „Strukturální přístup k sociálním reprezentacím“ vznikl jako reakce na článek „Teorie sociálních reprezentací“ uveřejněný v minulém vydání E-psychologie (Novák, 2009). Na základě poznatků získaných na přednáškách a workshopech v rámci programu „EuroPhd on Social Representation and Communication“ v Římě (http://www.europhd.eu) a relevantní literatury předkládám v mnohém odlišný pohled na fenomén sociálních reprezentací. Zároveň navazuji na zmínku o strukturálním přístupu k sociálním reprezentacím, která v minulém příspěvku nebyla dále rozpracována. Serge Moscovici, který podle Billiga (1988) představuje Marxe i Lenina revolučního hnutí sociálních reprezentací, tvrdí, že obsah termínu sociální reprezentace je ve své podstatě polysémický (Moscovici, 2000). Svým výrokem však neodkazuje k faktu, že lze termín sociální reprezentace užívat libovolně a často v rozporu se základními východisky jeho teorie. V rámci svého příspěvku aspiruji na charakteristiku sociálních reprezentací ve shodě s autory, kteří původní Moscoviciho koncepce rozvíjejí.
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