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EN
Recent developments in understanding the concept of problem in problem-oriented policing denote valuable perspectives but mainly from a substantialist perspective. In this article, the relational perspective in thinking of safety problems was introduced, and some key advancements presented. Exploiting causal and constitutive reasoning and the idea of the complexity of problems, the self-actional, inter-actional, and trans-actional perspectives were used for determining the differences between the substantialist and relationalist perspectives. The concept of problem was analysed from two perspectives. First, in light of initial and recent elaborations of the term. Second, through the actual use of the term. The substantialist ethos dominated through the data analysed and it has both advantages and disadvantages. However, relational thinking calls for a deeper understanding of safety problems. Resigning from the substantialist ethos and asking whether there are pre-given A-s and B-s, and turning towards the idea that there is no A-s without B-s, creates an environment for a more open-minded understanding of problems in policing.
Studia Bobolanum
|
2020
|
vol. 31
|
issue 1
139-153
EN
Substance is an important category in reflection on a being existing in reality. In the history of thought, some recognized the existence of only one type of substance (monism, materialism, pantheism), others accepted the existence of two types of substances. In addition to the material substance, there is also the spiritual substance (God, angel, human soul). This category is important in Christian theological reflection. There were various attitudes in the history of philosophical and theological thought. Integral reflection connects it with other categories, such as: relationship, interior capacity, appearance and operation. It is a mistake to limit yourself only to the substance, to give it up, or seize talking about it.
PL
Substancja jest kategorią istotną w refleksji nad bytem istniejącym realnie. W dziejach myśli jedni uznawali istnienie tylko jednego rodzaju substancji (monizm, materializm, panteizm), inni przyjmowali istnienie dwóch rodzajów substancji. Oprócz substancji materialnej jest też substancja duchowa (Bóg, anioł, dusza ludzka). Kategoria ta jest ważna w chrześcijańskiej refleksji teologicznej. W dziejach myśli filozoficznej i teologicznej pojawiały się różne postawy. Refleksja integralna łączy ją z innymi kategoriami, takimi jak relacja, wyposażenie wewnętrzne, wygląd i działanie. Błędem jest ograniczenie się tylko do substancji, albo rezygnacja z niej, ale też zaniechanie mówienia o niej.
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