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Rola obozów letnich w radykalizacji norweskiego Socjalistycznego Związku Młodzieży w latach 1967-1969

100%
Gęsiarz M.
Przegląd Zachodni
|
2022
|
issue 2 (383)
85-104
EN
The aim of this article is to examine the influence of summer camps on the radicalization process of the Socialist Youth League, which resulted in the founding of the first Maoist organization in Norway in 1969. The three camps, held in August 1967-69, have so far been only marginally present in research on the Maoist movement and have never been the subject of specific analysis. Meanwhile, the camps, organized a month before the annual congresses, appear as a convenient tool to influence the organization and develop possible ways of radical agitation. The camp proceedings and the way they were utilized can provide important information on the backstory of the Maoist faction’s successes in the League, as they were organized on the initiative of Maoist radicals and their form and place in the life of the organization were an important component in the „Maoisation” of the entire organization. Moreover, they can be seen as a mirror reflecting the process of radicalization itself. My main sources were the programs, documents and newspapers distributed at the camps, as well as later reflections and evaluations published in internal journals. In order to analyze the place and role of the camps in the process of „radicalization”, I used a combination of different conceptualizations of radicalization, which allowed to frame the problem within the context of the political rebellion of the 1960s. The conclusions of the analysis will expand knowledge of this specific phenomenon in the political history of Norway and contribute to the debate on the processes of acquisition of radical views by youth organizations.
2

ВІЙСЬКОВО-ПРИКЛАДНА ПІДГОТОВКА В КАДЕТСЬКИХ КОРПУСАХ РОСІЙСЬКОЇ ІМПЕРІЇ В ХІХ– НА ПОЧАТКУ ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ

86%
Кормілець С.
Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології
|
2014
|
issue 10(44)
125-134
EN
This article investigates issues related to the organization of military-applied training in cadet corps of the Russian Empire in the territories of Ukrainian provinces in the nineteenth – early twentieth century. The basic stages of formation and development of military training cadets, the key components of special training, and requirements that were presented to it’s organization are revealed. The examples of summer camp sessions in various cadet corps in Ukrainian provinces are given, the appropriateness of their location and a variety of educational process in summer camps are described. The essence, forms and methods used in the system of military education are applied in future military cadet corps. It is established that all the complex of military profile was directed at professional training of future officers, defenders of the state. Cadets were raised in discipline, organization, thus preventing the development of negative personality traits. It is shown that an important role in military science of cadets took lessons held in camps where they learned the intricacies of military affairs, became acquainted with the latest types of weapons and learn to use them, studied the tactics of warfare, especially fortification cases, practiced shooting of firearms, extended their inner world during the touring of cities and various industrial plants. Location of the camps was also not accidental, most of them were in the fields of battle or near military units. Thus, the system of special military training – summer camps – was an integral part of the educational process in the cadet corps. Its conduct was prepared in advance. The administration of the corps found additional funds, provided material-technical facilities, involved specially trained teachers and officers, educators. From the reports of the teaching staff and memories of cadets can be seen that the summer practical training was of great importance in the training of future officers. During the summer practical training cadets received practical skills that could be used in their future service. So the whole military-applied education was focused at the formation of highly educated, cultural, professional, well-trained officer, a patriot and defender of the motherland. The quality of applied military training was at a high level, as evidenced by reports of the administration of cadet corps to the main Directorate of military educational institutions.
3
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Przygotowanie wojskowe młodzieży szkolnej i obozy letnie przysposobienia wojskowego ogólnego męskiego na Pomorzu pod koniec lat dwudziestych i w latach trzydziestych XX wieku

37%
Saja P.
Przegląd Historyczno-Wojskowy
|
2019
|
vol. XX (LXXI)
|
issue 2 (268)
28-54
EN
In the first part of the article, the purpose of which is to introduce the subject matter to the reader, the author has made a brief description of the changes aimed at popularizing civil defense training in educational institutions in the second half of the 1920s and 1930s. A general outline of the institutions responsible for the defense training of the young generation has been presented, and a characteristics of the objectives and tasks in the preparation of young people in this field in school scout troops has been made. The author has also discussed the organizational structure of the school scout troops of civil defense, and briefly presented the curriculum for the different civil defense ranks. However, the core of the publication concerns general civil defense summer camps. In short subsections, basing mainly on archival sources, the author has attempted to present the issues related to the organization and course of these camps in Pomerania. Recruitment methods and requirements for camp participants have been described in the article. The author has presented the organizational structure of the civil defense summer camps, the military training they covered, the daily agenda and disciplinary requirements. He also described the role of civilian counsellors and educators in the process of patriotic education of young people, as well as the final exams for the 2nd rank in civil defense.
RU
В первой части статьи, цель которой – ознакомить читателя с темой, автор представил краткую характеристику изменений, которые должны были привести к распространению военной подготовки в образовательных учреждениях во второй половине 20-х гг. и в 30-х гг. ХХ в. Также в статье в общих чертах представлены учреждения, отвечающие за образование молодого поколения в сфере обороны, составлена характеристика целей и заданий, используемых при подготовке молодежи по соответствующим дисциплинам в школьных отрядах. Кроме того, описана организационная структура отрядов ВП, а также кратко представлена программа обучения с разделением на отдельные уровни ВП. Однако основное содержание публикации касается собственно летних лагерей ВП общего типа. В коротких подразделах, материал которых базируется преимущественно на архивных источниках, автор попытался описать проблемы, связанные с организацией и устройством летних лагерей ВП в Померании. Также в статье были описаны условия приема и требования к участникам лагеря, представлена организационная структура летних лагерей, описаны занятия по военной подготовке, расписание дня и дисциплинарные требования. Кроме того, автор описывает роль гражданских педагогов-воспитателей в процессе патриотического воспитания молодежи, а также выпускные экзамены на 2-ю степень ВП.
PL
Autor w pierwszej części artykułu, mającej wprowadzić czytelnika w tematykę, dokonał krótkiej charakterystyki zmian mających na celu upowszechnienie szkolenia z przysposobienia wojskowego (PW) w placówkach oświatowych w drugiej połowie lat dwudziestych i w latach trzydziestych XX w. W ogólnym zarysie przedstawił instytucje odpowiedzialne za edukację obronną młodego pokolenia. Dokonał charakterystyki celów i zadań w przygotowaniu młodzieży z tej dziedziny w hufcach szkolnych. Omówił również strukturę organizacyjną hufców PW oraz w zwięzłej formie przedstawił program nauczania na poszczególne stopnie PW. Jednak zasadnicza treść publikacji dotyczy obozów letnich PW ogólnego. W krótkich podrozdziałach, na podstawie głównie źródeł archiwalnych, autor starał się ukazać problematykę związaną z organizacją i przebiegiem obozów letnich PW na Pomorzu. W artykule opisał sposób rekrutacji i wymagania stawiane uczestnikom obozów. Przedstawił strukturę organizacyjną obozów letnich PW, szkolenie wojskowe w czasie ich trwania, obowiązujący porządek dnia i wymagania dyscyplinarne. Opisał też rolę cywilnych wychowawców-pedagogów w procesie edukacji patriotycznej młodzieży, a także egzaminy końcowe na II stopień PW.
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