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Sezónnost sňatečnosti z demografického a národopisného hlediska

100%
Valášková N.
Národopisný věstník
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2009
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vol. 26_(68)
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issue 1
171-177
EN
This paper deals with the seasonal character of nuptiality in the Czech lands with an accent on the month of May which shows, especially after the World War II, the lowermost values. It is usually connected with the superstition that the “May wedding implies an early death of one of the partners”. This superstition is known already from the period of the Roman wars, however, it had no continual influence on frequency of the May weddings in the Czech lands. As the demographic studies show, the May minimums started to be clear as late as the second half of the 1920s. The author also follows the superstition as a proverb in some Czech paremiological collections created since the19th century.
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Przesądność i próba jej pomiaru: Kwestionariusz Otwartości Przekonań (KOP20)

100%
Sosnowski T., Wiech M.
Roczniki Psychologiczne
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2006
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vol. 9
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issue 1
181-203
PL
Pierwsza część artykułu omawia współczesne badania nad przesądami, problem źródeł przesądów, ich uniwersalności/lokalności oraz wiarę w pecha i szczęście jako kluczowe elementy przesądności. Druga część pracy prezentuje etapy konstrukcji narzędzia do pomiaru przesądności - Kwestionariusza Otwartości Przekonań (KOP20) - oraz badania dotyczące jego własności psychometrycznych. Kwestionariusz KOP20 okazał się narzędziem o praktycznie jednoczynnikowej strukturze oraz bardzo wysokiej homogeniczności i zgodności wewnętrznej (a = 0,96). Zgodnie z przewidywaniami, wyniki testu korelują ujemnie z wykształceniem, a pozytywnie z autorytaryzmem, lękiem, reaktywnością emocjonalną i perseweratywnością.
EN
Superstition and an attempt to measure it: Questionnaire of Belief Openness. The first part of the article presents contemporary research on superstition, discusses its sources, universal vs local character, and belief in good luck and bad luck as the key elements of superstition. The second part of the paper presents development of the Questionnaire of Belief Openness (Kwestionariusz Otwartości Przekonań - KOP20) and research on its psychometric characteristics. It was found that KOP20 is practically unifactorial scale of high homogeneity and almost perfect internal consistency (Cronbach's a = 0.96). According to our predictions, test scores correlate negatively with level of education, and positively - with authoritarianism, anxiety, emotional reactivity and perseveration.
3

Superstitions between Usefulness and Strife

88%
Bilauca M.
Messages, Sages and Ages
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2016
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vol. 3
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issue 2
15-21
EN
The present paper investigates one of the forms of expression and manifestation belonging to popular religiosity, the superstitions, practices through which people get into disagreement with their self and with the ideology advanced by institutions whose declared mission is to investigate and overcome man’s spiritual condition, the Church. There will be looked into, on the one hand, the major types of superstitions that the Romanians have according to a number of variables (ages, gender, education) and, on the other hand, the categories of conflict generated by the superstitious behaviour.
4
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Audiowizualne oblicza przesądu. O niektórych funkcjach motywu lustra w dziele filmowym

75%
Agnieszka Kuc A.
Załącznik Kulturoznawczy
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2014
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issue 1
158-178
EN
The purpose of this article is to show the role played by the mirrors and related to them themes in audiovisual works, not only at the production stage, but also as symbols which are hidden in those works. I presented, in an abbreviation, how the filmmakers are using the mirrors in the production process, i.e. technical aspects, as well as their functions in the frame, like including them as an attractive ornament to the scene. Each role and func- tion of the mirror has been highlighted in the article by examples from the selected movies. In the next part I focused on showing the mirror from the perspective of superstitions that are associated with it, and I also made an attempt to isolate and clarify its roles and functions which can be found in the movies. The di- vision I proposed was constructed in such a way that it could be easily expla- ined, in one or two words, what lies beneath them, and so the distribution is as follows: wraith (emphasis on the problem of identity), magical mirror (introducing elements of magic to the movies), the gates of truth (revealing the true face of reality), medium (mediating between the worlds), bad omen (the preaching of someone’s death), prison for the soul.
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[Recenzja]: "Świat zabobonów w średiowieczu : studium kazania „O zabobonach” Stanisława ze Skarbimierza", Mikołaj Olszewski, Warszawa 2002

75%
Wojciechowska B.
Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne
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2003
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vol. 79
472-475
6

The Counter-Hegemonic Virtues of Popular Culture in Eighteenth-Century England

63%
Ivana D.
American, British and Canadian Studies Journal
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2015
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vol. 25
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issue 1
10-19
EN
The purpose of this article is to re-examine popular culture in early-modern England by focusing on the oral/illiterate-written/literate and popular culture-high culture dyads. I aim to question why these interrelated socio-cultural categories have not been properly reconciled by the writers of the time. Moreover, my purpose is to focus on antiquarianism as a valid method whereby the delineation between the above-mentioned dichotomies turns into a subtle relationship in which both terms become complementary. I shall focus on two important antiquarian texts - Henry Bourne’s Antiquitates Vulgares (1725) and John Brand’s Observations on Popular Antiquities (1777) - by considering issues of religion and national identity, in an attempt to show that popular culture made known its counter-hegemonic virtues which, though permanently negotiated, were never rejected by the polite. Ultimately, the unstable relationship between the high and the low will be seen as suggestive of the porous boundaries between the two, indicating, at the same time, popular culture’s participatory role in rethinking cultural identity in Enlightenment England.
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„Diabeł w swojej postaci” Jana Bohomolca. Obrazy kultur pozaeuropejskich i współczesna paralela

63%
Kowalewska D.
Prace Polonistyczne
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2013
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vol. 68
43-61
EN
The author of the paper attempts to present the other side of Jan Bohomolec’s (1772–1777) text — Diabeł w swojej postaci (Devil As It Is), which has already been an object of research reflection. The paper describes images of other cultures included in Bohomolec’s dissertation and contemporary phenomena which seem to be parallel to the phenomena described by the Jesuit. The Author has noticed that the examples of magic activities in Bohomolec’s book are subordinated to educational value of the dissertation. Exemplification from non-European countries illustrates a thought that similar or identical behaviours are common in many cultures and places. They also bear out that superstitions are an across-theboard phenomenon. In the second part of the paper, the Author focuses on contemporary cultural trends in the context of popularity of magic. She considers timeliness and anachronism of some of the Bohomolec’s approaches and his wrong prognosis.
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Zmiany w traktowaniu przesądów i obyczajów (na przykładzie ukraińskiego wesela)

63%
Metelska K.
Acta Humana
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2016
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vol. 7
EN
The article deals with the treatment of prejudices in society. Superstitions and customs play a controlling function in the society. The changes that have occurred in the evolution of societies, have changed their attitudes towards superstitions and customs. The purpose of the article is to present the relationship between superstitions and manipulation. Moreover, the author tries to analyze the human superstitious behavior and examine the changes that came about as a result of the disappearance of some superstitions, their transformation and the emergence of new ones. Seeing that the subject of superstitions is quite wide, the article presents examples and analysis of the selected superstitions from the author’s collections on the example of Ukrainian weddings.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy traktowania przesądów w społeczeństwie. Przesądy i obyczaje pełnią w nim funkcję sterującą. Przemiany, które zaszły w toku ewolucji społeczeństw, zmieniły także ich stosunek do przesądów i obyczajów. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest próba przedstawienia związku pomiędzy manipulacją a zabobonem, a także analiza zachowań ludzi zabobonnych oraz zbadanie zmian w zachowaniach społeczności, które zaistniały wraz z zanikiem pewnych przesądów, ich przekształceniem lub z pojawieniem się nowych. Ponieważ tematyka przesądów jest dość szeroka, w artykule zostały wykorzystane przykłady wybranych przesądów ze zbiorów własnych na przykładzie ukraińskiego wesela.
9
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Czy pluralizm logiczny jest zabobonem? Na margi­ne­sie Józefa Marii Bocheńskiego uwag o zabobonach w logice

63%
Czernecka-Rej B.
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2016
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vol. 64
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issue 2
11-28
PL
Celem artykułu jest analiza Józefa M. Bocheńskiego zabobonów występujących w logice w odniesieniu do żywo współcześnie dyskutowanej w filozofii logiki problematyki pluralizmu logicznego. Koncentruję się na jednym zabobonie, nazwanym hasłowo „relatywizm w logice”, który pojawił się w związku z powstaniem nieklasycznych rachunków logicznych. Rozważam problem, czy pluralizm w logice, rozumiany jako współistnienie wielu (nieskończenie wielu) systemów logicznych, przekreśla jedność logiki i sprzeciwia się jej normatywnemu charakterowi oraz czy z tego faktu można wyprowadzić wniosek o relatywizmie w logice.
EN
The aim of the article is to analyse Joseph M. Bochenski’s superstitions in logic with reference to issues of pluralism in logic, which is widely discussed in the contemporary philo­sophy of logic. I concentrate on a superstition known as “relativity in logic”. It emerged con­temporarily with the construction of non-classical logical calculi. I make an attempt at con­sidering logical pluralism in the sense of co-existence of infinitely numerous logical systems as ruling out the unity of logic and negating its normative nature. I also try to determine if it is possible to deduct relativity in logic from the fact of logical systems pluralism.
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Przesądy ciążowe – poczucie koherencji a nasilenie zjawiska mitologizacji ciąży

63%
Dąbrowska-Wnuk M.
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2019
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vol. 10 Numer specjalny
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issue 1
29-37
EN
The article presents the problem of superstitious behaviors undertaken by women in the situation of waiting for the birth of a child. The results of own research conducted on a group of 166future mothers are presented. A slight intensification of the phenomenon was shown, with a tendency to strengthen it in those women whose level of superstition was declared to be generallyhigh. A personality variable that decreases the intensity of superstition in pregnancy is, accordingto assumptions, a high SOC.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano problematykę zachowań przesądnych podejmowanych przez kobiety w sytuacji oczekiwania narodzin dziecka. Przedstawiono wyniki badań własnych przeprowadzonych na grupie 166 przyszłych matek. Wykazano niewielkie nasilenie zjawiska z tendencją do jego wzmocnienia u tych kobiet, których poziom przesądności deklarowany był jako generalnie wysoki. Zmienną osobowościową obniżającą nasilenie przesądności w ciąży zgodnie z założeniami okazało się wysokie poczucie koherencji.
11
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Сходства и различия русских и турецких суеверий в лингвокультуре

63%
Coşkun J.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Linguistica Rossica
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2022
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issue 21
37-47
EN
This article is devoted to the study of similarities and differences between Russian and Turkish superstitions in linguistic culture. Superstition is a psychosocial phenomenon seen in all geographic regions throughout history. Superstitions vary from culture to culture. They have always remained a relevant topic for research. The study of superstitions in the Russian and Turkish languages is of great interest to us due to the specific pattern of their preservation and transmission from generation to generation.   This study presents cross-cultural comparisons of Russian and Turkish superstitions. It is hoped that this will fill in an important way a significant gap on the topic of superstitions in Turkey. The aim of the study is: to study and analyse various literature on signs and superstitions in Russia and Turkey; consider, analyse, and compare superstitions in the two cultures, Russian and Turkish; to explain the role of signs and superstitions in people’s lives and the culture of the country. Superstitions arose based on the belief in magical power. Most superstitions have lost their meaning over centuries, and now they are alive only thanks to people’s faith. But this is precisely what links signs and superstitions to folklore and culture of a particular country. Having studied some superstitions and signs of Russia and Turkey, we can conclude that they undoubtedly play a big role in the life of the inhabitants of these countries. Superstitions and signs are a valuable object for linguoculturological research and are an integral part of the national linguistic picture of the world. Knowledge of culture, folklore, traditions, and beliefs helps us become better acquainted with the customs of another country, its history, and spiritual life, and enriches our worldview.
RU
Данная статья посвящена исследованию сходств и различий между русскими и турецкими суевериями в лингвокультуре. Суеверия – это психосоциальное явление, наблюдаемое в разных странах на протяжении всей истории. Суеверия являются актуальной темой для исследования. Благодаря специфической закономерности сохранения и передачи предрассудков из поколения в поколение, исследование суеверий в русском и турецком языках представляет для нас огромный интерес.   В настоящей статье представлено межкультурное сравнение русских и турецких суеверий, автор надеется, что данные исследования заполнят пробел в изучении поверий и примет. В ходе работы был проведен анализ научной литературы, посвящeнной приметам и суевериям в России и Турции, осуществлено сравнение предрассудков в русской и турецкой культурах, обоснованы и сделаны выводы о роли примет в жизни людей. Суеверия возникли на основе веры в магическую силу. Большинство из них потеряли свой смысл на протяжении веков, они живы лишь за счет веры людей. Данный факт причисляет приметы и суеверия к фольклору, к культуре той или иной страны.   Изучив некоторые суеверия и приметы России и Турции, можно сделать вывод о том, что они, несомненно, играют большую роль в быту жителей этих стран. Суеверия и приметы представляют собой ценный объект для лингвокультурологического исследования и являются неотъемлемой частью национальной языковой картины мира. Знание культуры, фольклора, традиций и верований помогает ближе познакомиться с нравами другой страны, еe историей и духовной жизнью, обогащает мировоззрение людей.
12
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Zwiastuny śmierci w tradycji ludowej mieszkańców Włodawy

51%
Leśniak B.
Roczniki Teologii Fundamentalnej i Religiologii
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2013
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vol. 5
229-242
EN
This article sheds some light on the heralds of death existing in the beliefs of residents of Włodawa. The given publication derives from ethnographic surveys carried out in the area of the city and its surroundings. The whole article is divided into three sections. The first paragraph describes omens originating from nature. The behaviours of the livestock, such as dogs or horses, bear significant meaning for interviewees. Moreover, not only the domesticated animals signalize approaching death, we can also observe that in the behaviours of wild animals. The next section describes signs which appear among inanimate objects as well as unfamiliar occurrences, which take place in the proximity of deceased person. Here are illustrated all superstitious practices such as cracking of objects, inexplicable knocking or other phenomena beyond comprehension. Heralds of death according to the respondents are, among others: atypical events which are related to the corpse of the deceased and its area. Inhabitants of Włodawa recognize those as extremely dangerous.The third part lists other signs, which exist in the studied area. A very important part of this passage constitute dreams commonly interpreted as omens.
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Sposoby widzenia. Optyka w służbie oświeceniowego racjonalisty

51%
Kowalewska D.
Napis. Pismo poświęcone literaturze okolicznościowej i użytkowej
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2014
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issue 20
29-40
EN
“Seeing is to some extent an art to be learned” (William Herschel). Thanks to the new optical tools human perceptual capabilities greatly increased. Cognitive standards have also changed. “The magical glasses” began to modify the image of reality, so the science could deal with objects that had never seen before. The use of a telescope to study celestial bodies caused that universe gained an extra dimension that had to be tamed and explained. My text refers to the impact that the development of optics has on perception of the world in the Age of Lights. I try to show when and how optical devices, assisting the reason in explaining and rationalizing supernatural phenomena, allowed people in the Enlightenment – in literal and figurative sense – to see through, eventually becoming an attribute of the rationalist from this period. The analysis is focused on selected literary and “utility” texts (Jan Bohomolec ’s "Diabeł w swojej postaci"), in which popular instruments (the microscope) and optical phenomena (such as an optical illusion) in the eighteenth century appear.
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