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EN
The paper presents a knowledge conflict resolving in supply chain management systems by using consensus methods. Most often user independently resolves this conflict by analyzing individual variants and taking a decision which of these variants choose. It is time-consumption and process, which is tied with risk of incorrect variant choice. To eliminate these inconveniences it can be use the consensus methods. These methods allow the automatic determine by system one variant, that is presented to the user. Therefore, the knowledge structure, which represents individual variants of solution, was defined in article. This definition is necessary to determine consensus algorithms, which allow to resolving knowledge conflicts supply chain management systems.
LogForum
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2012
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vol. 8
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issue 4
EN
Background: Unlike Enterprise Risk Management, which is certainly quite well rooted in business practice, Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) still continues to be dynamically developing subject of academic research, whereas its practical applications are rather scarce. Material and methods: On the basis of broad review of the current state of the art in world literature, significant relevancies to the core processes and enterprise strategy are discussed. Results: The paper shows some interesting from the enterprise's performance and competitiveness point of view additional benefits, potentially resulting from the proactive, consistent and effective implementation of the SCRM system. Conclusions: Some additional advantages from proactive supply chain risk management account for perceiving SCRM as multifunctional instrument of strategic SC management, exceeding established understanding RM as security and threat-prevention tool only. Positive influence from SCRM onto SC performance and competitiveness can make reasonable to enhance its position within SCM strategy.
EN
In this study the question of innovation and information management in supply chain is addressed. We assume that innovation and information management are interrelated in supply chains and that the relationship is crucial for their success on the market. Considerable attention was given to the issue of outsourcing which is now a commonplace in supply chain management. In particular, we examined how approaches to managing information and knowledge in the supply chain differ according to ICT outsourcing. The deduction is based on a data set of 426 companies located in Poland, representing a variety of industry sectors. Two stages of the research were realised. The rationale behind this was to identify enterprises that utilise a welldeveloped system of information and knowledge management to determine the scope of possible in-depth analyses. This helped to receive valuable responses. We find what information and knowledge management is mainly driven by. We show the similarities and differences in information and knowledge management between entities that use ICT outsourcing and those that do not. We discuss the research results and draw conclusions.
EN
Manufacturing companies are the crucial link in a supply chain; they shape goods directly as operational subject. Special consideration has been taken of the micro logistics area of these enterprises and the significance that the area plays in the formation of the chain. Production of goods is associated with managing multiple processes, both manufacturing and logistics, and therefore an important factor determining the proper functioning of an enterprises is their relative connection and systematization.
EN
This article presents an integrated approach to optimize the different functions in a supply chain on strategic tactical and operational levels. The integrated supply chain model has been formulated as a cost minimization problem in the form of MILP (Mixed Integer Linear Programming). The costs of production, transport, distribution and environmental protection were adopted as optimization criteria. Timing, volume, capacity and mode of transport were also taken into account. The model was implemented in the LINGO package. The implementation model and the numerical tests are presented and discussed. The numerical experiments were carried out using sample data to show the possibilities of practical decision support and optimization of the supply chain.
EN
The diversity of the criteria and the methods of analysis in the supply chain used in Supply Chain Management systems (SCM) leads to a situation in which the system generates many variants of solutions. As a result conflict of knowledge appears in the system. In order to resolve this conflicts the authors of the article have suggested the inclusion of the module using the consensus determining algorithm in the SCM system. This will affect the supply chain dynamics, and at the same time, the effectiveness of organizations. The first part of the article presents the basic elements of the developed prototype of SCM, which uses consensus determining algorithm. Next the consensus module and the formal definition of the elaborated algorithm is characterized. The last part of the article presents the manner of conducting the verification of the consensus determining algorithm and the results of this verification.
EN
The article contains a description of generic predictive refillment scheduling algorithm.
EN
Purpose: In supply chains, creating a secure space for data production, sending, storing, and analysis has always been a critical issue. The main goal of this research was to evaluate the importance of various security criteria in an intelligent supply chain system. Methodology: The main data collection method was the expert survey. Experts validated the security criteria and sub-criteria. Then, the importance of these criteria was evaluated using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process method. Findings: The results revealed that reliability and privacy with their sub-criteria were the most important ones among the obtained security criteria for IoT-based supply chain management. Practical implications: The research results can provide valuable insight for supply chains’ decision-makers. The findings can also be a good reference point for researchers who work on the IoT-based supply chain concept in other countries and sectors. Research limitations: Limitations of this study are the purposive sampling method and the limited scope of studied companies and sectors. Therefore, the article provides initial insight on the matter. Originality: The study presents the research problem from a new perspective and gives possible solutions for IoT-based supply chain management.
EN
The concept of closed-loop supply chain management is a very popular direction of research and companies' activities. It is associated with efforts like managing production residues (by-products and waste) in such a way as to minimize the level of waste transferred to landfills or incinerators. This article relates to the use of this concept in the food industry, which by its very nature, generates a lot of challenges for logistics management, also in the area of reverse flows. The article characterizes aforementioned concept and provides examples of its use in the food sector.
EN
The article deals with the theoretical and empirical research in the field of business networks development, including systematization of factors and results of the process, their impact on global competitiveness. The role of information technology as a key factor of networks development and their role in global competitiveness were analyzed on the basis of regression analysis method. It was concluded, that information and communication technology development is not only a prerequisite for networking and essential for innovative development, but is an important factor for global competitiveness. To identify the most important factors of that affect the global competitiveness, a linear regression analysis was conducted for 140 countries of the world. It was concluded, that the most effective direction of the network economy development from the point of view of its impact on the level of country competitiveness is the creation of new models of business organization in the sphere of innovation activity. The system of services for stimulating interaction among businesses for business networks development is proposed with participation of Living Labs.
EN
The dynamic changes in the global economy has caused the rapid growth of transport needs. Outsourcing and off-shoring has increased the distance between the particular places where the production process is provided. Therefore, logistics has become more macro-scale than before. Maritime traffic is therefore the main transport mode served a global movements of goods. Such companies like Maersk, NYK or Hanjin are today a global transport players offering a wide scope of service. Proper functioning of maritime transport needs also a good developed system of seaports. Effectiveness and efficiency of global transport is depend on seaports infrastructure, equipment, staff and management. So, seaports has become a critical element of supply chains concept. In the following analysis, the relation between the main requirements of supply chain management (SCM) and contemporary practice of seaports management are investigated. The type of port management systems and its operation model will reflect on the possibility of implementation of SCM. In the last part of presented elaboration main pros and cons of particular solutions of port management are defined and indicated.
EN
Supply chain management (SCM) is a modern phenomenon in business practice and an important area of scientific discussions. In the literature it is not easy to find only one explanation of this subject because some scientists treat SCM as a separate concept, others as an expansion of the logistics function. The supply chain is a kind of modern business model that needs accurate management. To support the management process an the effective way, management accounting tools and methods may be applied. The aim of the article is to present the methods and tools of management accounting used for the measurement of costs and results in SCM. For this purpose, a survey was conducted among 40 selected enterprises in Poland. The findings indicate that on the one hand the studied organizations already use advanced management accounting tools and the methods providing information for SCM needs, on the other hand, they rarely apply them. This approach does not contribute to effective and holistic measurement of supply chain and its management.
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PL
Zarządzanie łańcuchami dostaw odgrywa kluczową rolę z punktu widzenia kreowania wartości przedsiębiorstw dla wszystkich interesariuszy. Na wielu rynkach rywalizują ze sobą nie pojedyncze firmy, lecz właśnie całe łańcuchy dostaw. Niemożliwe jest jednak efektywne zarządzanie i doskonalenie łańcuchów dostaw bez adekwatnego pomiaru ich funkcjonowania. Jedną z obecnie dominujących filozofii w ramach zarządzania łańcuchem dostaw jest ścisła integracja z partnerami w celu unikania suboptymalizacji i uzyskania dodatkowych korzyści. W tym kontekście także pomiar funkcjonowania łańcuchów dostaw musi być prowadzony w nowoczesny, zintegrowany sposób (uwzględniający cały łańcuch dostaw, nie zaś tylko poszczególne jego ogniwa). Celem tego artykułu jest przedstawienie metod pomiaru funkcjonowania łańcuchów dostaw w ujęciu rozszerzonym oraz prezentacja wyników i omówienie wniosków z badań empirycznych poświęconych integracji pomiaru, przeprowadzonych na próbie 79 wysokich rangą menedżerów, zajmujących się zarządzaniem łańcuchami dostaw, reprezentujących największe firmy produkcyjne i handlowe w Polsce.
EN
Supply chain management plays a significant role in creating the value of companies for all stakeholders. On today’s markets compete not only single companies but rather whole supply chains. It is not possible to successfully manage and develop them without an adequate performance measurement. One of the modern management concepts within supply chain management concentrates on the strict integration of cooperating partners in order to reduce the suboptimization and create value for the whole chain. In this context also the supply chain performance measurement must be conducted in integrated manner (including all involved parties in the chain, not only individual companies). The main purpose of this paper is describing the performance measurement methods of extended supply chains as well as presenting and discussing findings of the empirical research concerning the integrated approach to supply chain performance measurement conducted on the sample of 79 senior level managers responsible for logistics/supply chain management and representing the largest production and trade companies in Poland.
PL
Literatura przedmiotu w mniejszym stopniu zwraca uwagę na logistykę związaną z przepływami informacyjnymi. Natomiast czas dostępu i wymiana informacji są jednym z podstawowych czynników warunkujących sprawne funkcjonowanie łańcuchów dostaw. Logistyka informacji obejmuje najistotniejsze czynności związane z realizacją zamówienia, takie jak: przyjmowanie, przygotowywanie i przekazywanie zamówień do realizacji oraz opracowanie, przygotowanie i uruchomienie przepływów towarów. Każda instytucja jest uzależniona od szybkich przepływów dostaw towarów i usług oraz związanym z tym przepływem dokumentów, danych i informacji. W artykule zaproponowano rozwiązanie problemu koordynacji przepływu informacji z realizacją zamówienia w przedsiębiorstwie handlowym, wykorzystujące zaawansowane technologie informatyczne.
EN
Higher level of civil education results in increased level of social Logistics literature lesser extent attention to the logistics related on information flows. However, the access and exchange of information is one of the main factors determining the smooth functioning of supply chains. Logistics information includes the most important steps associated with processing an order, such as receiving, preparing and delivering orders for the implementation and the formulation, preparation and launching of flows of goods. Each institution is dependent on the rapid flow of goods and services and the related flow of documents, data and information. The article proposes a solution to the problem of coordinating the information flows with order in commercial company using advanced information technology.
EN
The current economic situation brings many challenges for the function-ing of en terprises. eTh global polarization of the world economy is progressing within the production and consumption poles as well as the centre of financial surpluses and th centre of debt. An additional factor having a significant impact on market realities the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. eTh high dynamics of economic processes forces enterprises to change management methods, operating strategies, the range of too used, as well as changes necessary in organizational culture, not to mention applicat of new technologies. It can be said that we operate in the era of changes, so chan management is becoming a dynamically developing area. eTh current economic challenges have significantly influenced the development of modern methods of supply chain management. eTh aim of the paper is to identify the changes in the approach to supply chain management in the pandemic era. eTh discussion is based on the analysis of source wmaterials, including industry reports, as well as the presentation modern methods of supply chain management based on author's practical experience.
EN
The article covers the study of the biggest and strongest world companies with the best supply chains. The reason is that nowadays unique supply chain can be competitive advantage for the enterprise. Strong supply chain can help to minimize costs, reach new customers, maximize profit, etc. In the article collaboration of the supply chain and its performance drivers (production, inventory, location, transportation and information) is performed; strengths and trends that can affect supply chains in the future are defined. Based on ranking results of Gartner, Inc. 2017 supply chain leaders in the world are highlighted. In 2017 such companies as Unilever, McDonald’s, Inditex had the best supply chains, and perennial supply chain leader Amazon has become “supply chain master”. According to the supply chains’ analysis (Amazon, Inditex (brand Zara) and Unilever) it was defined that each company builds its own supply chain, which is based on specific key elements. So, for example, for Amazon the most important elements of supply chain are warehousing, products’ distribution, own logistics, own production; Zara while constructing its supply chain focuses on such key elements: combination of manufacturer and retailer functions, fast response to trends, low inventory level, environmental responsibility, products’ distribution; Unilever bases its supply chain on such elements as sustainable power utilization, environmental responsibility, strategic partnerships all across the world, own logistics, blockchain development, supply chain transparency and products’ distribution.
PL
W artykule poruszono problem zarządzania łańcuchem dostaw i cyklem życia produktu z perspektywy rozwoju zrównoważonego. Podejmowanie tej tematyki wciąż należy w Polsce do rzadkości. Celem niniejszych rozważań jest ukazanie tych związków pomiędzy koncepcjami rozwoju zrównoważonego, łańcucha dostaw i cyklu życia produktu, które wydają się istotne dla zwiększania zdolności przedsiębiorstw do tworzenia i wprowadzania na rynek udanych produktów. Do narzędzi, które pozwalają wdrożyć rozwój zrównoważony w łańcuchu dostaw w każdym etapie cyklu życia produktu, należą systemy zarządzania cyklem życia produktu. Dzięki nim można zintegrować i uporządkować procesy oraz przyspieszyć przepływ informacji w całym łańcuchu dostaw, przyczyniając się tym samym do uzyskania pożądanej wartości w każdym etapie cyklu życia produktu.
EN
In this paper the issue of supply chain management and product lifecycle from the perspective of sustainable development is discussed. Taking up this theme is still rare in Poland. The aim of this paper is to show the relationships between the concepts of sustainable development, supply chain management and product lifecycle management, which seem to be important for increasing the company's ability to develop and market successful products. Product lifecycle management is the tool that can be used for implementing sustainable development in the supply chain at every stage of the product lifecycle because it can integrate and organize processes and accelerate the flow of information throughout the supply chain, contributing to achieve the desired values in each stage of the product lifecycle.
EN
Adaptiveness is one of the most significant features of the supply chain that affects the results of its functioning. The capability of the supply chain to adapt to all, more and more demanding conditions is one of the main factors that guarantee long-term competitiveness and success. R. Kalakota, M. Robinson and P. Gundepudi consider inventory visibility, fulfilment velocity and coordination versatility as three fundamental pillars of adaptive supply chains, also termed as 3V in the literature. The chief objective of this paper is the identification of features that a supply chain should have in order to be called adaptive, as well as the verification of their compliance with the 3V principle. The review of the available literature sources that focus on the subject of the major features of adaptive supply chains (in particular having a decisive effect on their adaptive capabilities) has resulted in certain common elements. The authors of all the described approaches emphasise the two features: visibility and velocity. The third, frequently indicated, feature is also versatility or variety (that can be treated as one of the elements of the versatility of the supply chain). Visibility involves ensuring access to the information for all participants in the supply chain, also customers. Velocity, in turn, refers to the reaction time of the supply chain to all sorts of events and the time of implementing necessary changes. The third element is versatility. It primarily involves balancing the operational capability of a supply chain with market requirements, in particular delivering suitable products and services of the required quality and in the ordered volume. It is also vital to adjust the offer to the individual needs of customers.
EN
This paper deals with the integrated supply chain management problem in the context of a single vendor-single buyer system for which the production unit is assumed to randomly shift from an in-control to an out-of-control state. Two different strategies, integrating production, shipment and maintenance policies, are proposed and compared to satisfy the buyers order at a minimum integrated total cost rate. The first strategy is based on a classical production policy for which the buyer’s order of size nQ is manufactured continuously and shipped by lots of size Q. The second strategy suggests that the same buyer’s order should be produced and shipped separately by equal sized lots Q. For both strategies, a corrective or preventive maintenance action is performed at the end of each production cycle, depending on the state of the production unit, and a new setup is carried out. The total integrated average cost per time unit is considered as the performance criterion allowing choosing the best policy for any given situation.
EN
This paper introduces the problem of designing a single-product supply chain network in an agile manufacturing setting under a vendor managed inventory (VMI) strategy to seize a new market oppor-tunity. The problem addresses the level of risk aversion of the retailer when dealing with the uncertainty of market related information through a conditional value at risk (CVaR) approach. This approach leads to a bilevel programming problem. The Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions are employed to trans-form the model into a single-level, mixed-integer linear programming problem by considering some relaxations. Since realizations of imprecisely known parameters are the only information available, a data-driven approach is employed as a suitable, more practical, methodology of avoiding distribu-tional assumptions. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated through a numer-ical example.
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