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PL
The proposed paper presents the functioning of German-origin names with their root and etymology of German origin borne by Poznań burghers in the seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries. The source material for the study was provided by archival registers of the taxpayer of the tax on production and sale of alcoholic beverages. The work has attempted to determine the motivation behind the names and to track down their development, while the applied research method involves the motivational analysis that results in a pool of particular types of surnames that includes surnames motivated by German proper names and German appellatives. The set of all foreign surnames of the population of Poznań, amounting to nearly 20% of all onomastic material attested in the available archival documents, includes far more German surnames or surnames of German origin than any other surnames. In time, the given names of German people were Polonized both in the phonetic and the morphological plane. A small part of them was incorporated into the Polish language in their original form. In the material under scrutiny the Polonized forms were in preponderance as compared to purely German names. Language adaptation was also responsible for the formation of surnames of women – hybrid feminine forms from German names with Polish feminine suffixes appended onto foreign names. On numerous occasions it was impossible to unequivocally establish the German etymology of some of the surnames, which forced a conclusion leading to a proposition of a multi-motivational character of Poznań anthroponyms that, beside the motivation by a Polish anthroponym or appellative, also referred to German anthroponyms and appellatives. The bulk of surnames of German origin have remained vital and have been testified in the resources of present-day Polish anthroponyms.
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Polskie nazwiska od nazw ptaków

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PL
Based on a dictionary of contemporary Polish surnames, the article collects surnames that are identical as bird names, and includes the number of persons who bear such names. The number is surprisingly high (642 277 persons). The article demonstrates, through examples, how various qualities of birds motivate the metaphorical use of bird names as nicknames, and subsequently as surnames.
Poradnik Językowy
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2020
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vol. 779
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issue 10
61-76
EN
This paper concerns the interpretation problems accompanying the contemporary surnames with the formative -yk/-czyk (on the example of the Białystok region). Its aim is to present various manners of explaining the origin of anthroponyms with this suffix. As the analysis has shown, the complexity of the problems involved in determining the etymology of the discussed surnames is manifested mainly (Dziemiańczyk, Tomczyk), appellative surnames (Gołowaczyk, Kulawczyk), surnames coined based on expressions indicating a profession or function (Atamańczyk, Tokarczyk), and ones coined based on place names (Majdańczyk, Nurczyk).
Poradnik Językowy
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2023
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vol. 801
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issue 2
77-90
EN
This article contains an analysis of 17th-century proto-names from the area of the Daleszyce parish (Świętokrzyskie voivodship, Kielce poviat) for the presence of phonetic dialectal characteristics. The research material was excerpted from the manuscripts of four parish registers (records of birth) written in Latin. The analysis showed that the examined anthroponymic material was a storage of various phonetic characteristics throughout the 17th c. The Daleszyce historical anthroponyms recorded typically Lesser Polish features (the shift from -ch to -k in the fi nal position), Masovian features (fluctuations in the ge : g’e, ke : k’e groups; hardening of l’), Masovian and Greater Polish features (fluctuations in the -ew-/-ow- groups), and general dialectal features (Masurian influences and the presence of prosthetic consonants). The analysed material contained also various manifestations of hypercorrection with respect to dialectal forms, such as e.g. the so-called szadzenie, removal of h- and j- in the initial position heard as forms with prothesis, secondary nasalisation of e in positions other than ones arising from the phonetic assimilation to the neighbouring nasal consonants. This article might fi ll, to an extent, the gap in the anthroponymic research on the Kielce region in the 17th c.
PL
The article studies name derivatives referring to rural population recorded in the eigh­teenth-century baptismal books of Września. The core of the study are 164 surnames formed by the addition of the suffixes -ski, -ewicz, -owicz as well as the basic -k-. The studies completed demonstrate that in the process of creation of names, over the entire 18th century, the most dominating were the word formation models with suffixes including the basic -k-. Within this category the suffix -ak was the most active element. Of marginal importance (only in the creation of formal derivatives) was the suffix -ski and the derived suffixes. Only 20 formations were created with their use during the whole century. On the basis of the analysis of the documents, it can be assumed that in the rural area near Września there were no word-formative models with the formatives -ewicz and -owicz. The attested surnames (7), recorded between 1753 and 1760, must have been brought from other areas.
EN
Most strings of female surnames registered in the Czech Republic are lexically different from related male surnames. This article provides a method of grouping surnames by similarity and computing surname frequencies for these grouped surnames. The method reduces the 251,723 registered surname variants to 142,586 groups. Grouped surname frequencies can be used for linguistic research of similar surnames, determining geographic distribution of surnames, or by researchers which require surname frequencies irrespective of gender.
EN
Sources of research and subject literature do not give a clear picture of differentiation of the peasantry in terms of financial status. The problem concerns both the amount of property owned by them (land and livestock) and place in the hierarchy. This fact is very much difficult, sometimes even impossible to study the layers of peasant and any generalizations about it. It seems that the only possible way to study the most populous state in the Republic is to track individual fates of individual units that make it possible not precise enough to qualify for the category of the peasantry, but observe the changes taking place in the financial status over time and associated with the action taken.
EN
This article presents the origins and structure of German surnames in the Old Town Braniewo in the 15th century. The author verified the presence of the preposition “von”, surname variants, Lower German roots, and evident linguistic phenomena which occurred in them. The discussed surnames are derived from first names, place of origin, nicknames and the names of occupations. Other names are multi-motif surnames, or it was impossible to explain their etymology. As for the structure of the described anthroponyms, non-derivative surnames predominate. Only in the case of one surname were variants recorded. Middle Low German and Lower German provenance is present in about 25% of the examined anthroponyms. In some surnames, manifestations of the East Central German dialect are visible. Several anthroponyms have been Polonised, and one was subject to a contraction.
EN
On divergent etymologies of Polish and Lithuanian surnamesThe conflict of national Polish and Lithuanian historiographies typically involves divergent interpretations of the shared history, but it is seldom noticed that linguistic interpretations (including the onomastic ones) may be divergent too. These linguistic interpretations can also become a tool of language policy, especially of the policy focused on personal names. The present article analyses selected examples of genetically Lithuanian surnames currently in use in Poland which in some Polish linguistic sources are etymologised as genetically Polish, as well as – conversely – those of Polish origin which in some Lithuanian research are interpreted as genetically Lithuanian. Although inadvertent and accidental mistakes cannot be ruled out, in the case of homonymic surnames there is a visible tendency to give priority to native etymologies. It may be assumed that for the society at large, the origin of a surname somehow implies the nationality of its bearer; in the case when the researchers’ attitudes are nationalistic, this fact may be used as an argument in public debates whose scope far exceeds that of onomastics. O rozbieżnych etymologiach nazwisk polskich i litewskichKonflikt narodowych historiografii polskiej i litewskiej zazwyczaj wiąże się z rozbieżnymi interpretacjami wspólnej historii, ale rzadziej się zauważa, że podobnie rozbieżne są też interpretacje językoznawcze, w tym onomastyczne. One także mogą stać się narzędziem polityki językowej, a w szczególności polityki, której przedmiotem są nazwy osobowe. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia i analizuje wybrane przypadki używanych współcześnie w Polsce nazwisk pochodzenia litewskiego, które w niektórych polskich pracach językoznawczych są etymologizowane jako genetycznie polskie, a także – odwrotnie – tych nazwisk polskiego pochodzenia, które w niektórych źródłach litewskich interpretowane są jako etymologicznie litewskie. Choć nie można oczywiście wykluczyć niezamierzonych i przypadkowych omyłek, w przypadku nazwisk homonimicznych wyraźnie zauważalna jest tendencja do oddawania pierwszeństwa etymologii rodzimej. Wolno przypuszczać, że w odbiorze społecznym geneza nazwiska w jakimś stopniu implikuje narodowość jego nosiciela; przy nacjonalistycznym nastawieniu badaczy fakt ten może być używany jako argument w publicznych debatach, których zasięg dalece wykracza poza onomastykę.
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Lidové výklady českých příjmení

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EN
This paper analyses 379 folk etymological interpretations and other 141 assumptions about the foreign origin of surnames, all received either by the radio programme On the Origin of Surnames, the Language Counselling Centre of the Czech Language Institute, or the information service Ask the Library. These inquiries were sent by the public along with requests for a confirmation of the suggested etymological interpretations of the surnames in question, or for an official (correct / scientific) explanation. The analysis shows that most often the folk etymology consists in erroneous decomposition of the name or in connecting the name with an incorrect original form, i.e. usually a familiar noun recognized in the name. The folk etymologies do not respect the word-forming structure of names. They also ignore the age and origin of the surname which they like to look for in foreign languages (especially in French, Polish, Hungarian), regardless of the origin of the family.
EN
Czech names and Czech in Poland in the 20th century The article was based on more than 600 Czech surnames from Słownik nazwisk współcześnie w Polsce używanych used by Kazimierz Rymut. The article shows the state of research of Czech anthroponymy in Poland, which was treated by researchers quite marginally. An outline of the history of contacts and Czech settlements in Poland was also presented, which had an important impact on the extension of the Polish anthroponymic system with the Czech genetic names. The four most important areas on which the Czech settlement was developed were: Galicia (Galicja), “Czech Corner” (Czeski Zakątek), Settlement areas (areas of settlements) of the Czech brothers and Silesia (Śląsk). The article compares the data of names in Poland in the twentieth century with the map of the Czech population, which mostly overlapped.
CS
Česká příjmení a Češi v Polsku ve 20. století Tento článek byl založen na více než 600 českých příjmeních excerpovaných ze Słowniku nazwisk współcześnie używanych ed. Kazimierze Rymuta. Článek představuje současný stav výzkumu českých příjmení v polském antroponomastickém systému, který doposud byl považován vědci spíše okrajově. Zaroveň představuje také stručnou historii česko-polských vztahu a českého usázení v Polsku, které měly významný vliv na expanzi geneticky českých příjmení do polského antroponomastického systému. Autorka vyčlenila 4 nejdůležitější oblasti, ve kterých vznikaly největší české společnosti, a to: Galicie, Český koutek, místa, na kterých se usazeli čeští exulanti (členové Jednoty bratrské) a Slezsko. Ve svém článku autorka srovnává údaje tykající se českých příjmení v Polsku ve 20. století s mapou Čechů bydlících v Polsku, a ty se ve vetší míře shoduji.
PL
Badaniem objęto nazwiska o niemieckiej genezie, odnotowane na Warmii pod koniec XVIII wieku. Celem artykułu jest znalezienie odpowiedzi na pytanie, jakie wartości i antywartości zostały utrwalone w antroponimach z badanego okresu. Materiał badawczy do niniejszego szkicu pochodzi z czasopisma „Zeitschrift für die Geschichte und Altertumskunde Ermlands“, z zeszytu specjalnego pt. „Die Bevölkerung des Ermlands 1773. Die ältesten Präsentationstabellen des Hochstifts. Band 3 – Register“. Jest to kataster sporządzony przez Niemców po pierwszym rozbiorze Polski dla celów podatkowych na Warmii. Analizę przeprowadzono na podstawie wybranych przykładów. Zbiór warmińskich nazwisk wskazuje, jakie wartości ceniono najbardziej lub na jakie cechy charakteru lub wyglądu zwracano baczną uwagę. Należą tu nazwiska z klas: «Witalność i jej brak»; «Chudość i otyłość / nieumiarkowanie w jedzeniu»; «Erudycja i prostactwo»
EN
The study encompassed surnames of German origin, recorded in Warmia at the end of the 18th century. Its aim was to find out what values and anti-values were preserved in anthroponyms of the period. The study material was taken from the periodical “Zeitschrift für die Geschichte und Altertumskunde Ermlands“ from its special volume entitled “Die Bevölkerung des Ermlands 1773. Die ältesten Präsentationstabellen des Hochstifts. Band 3 – Register”. It is a cadastral register prepared by the Germans for fiscal purposes in Warmia after the first partition of Poland. The analysis was conducted on selected examples. The set of Warmian surnames indicates what values were most esteemed or what traits of personality or appearance attracted people’s attention. These are surnames belonging to the following classes: Vitality or a lack thereof; Thinness and obesity / Intemperance in eating; Erudition and crudeness.
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Amerikanizace českých příjmení na území Chicaga

63%
EN
The article discusses the changes in surnames of Czech origin in Chicago. The first part analyzes the historical aspects of the Czech immigration to Chicago during the second half of the 19th century. The second part focuses on the different types of changes of the Czech surnames. Haphazard and infrequent changes are also mentioned.
DE
Im Jahr 1770 wanderten über 300 deutsche Einwohner des Dorfes Seibersdorf/Kozy in Kleinpolen nach Preußisch-Schlesien aus und gründeten somit eine neue Sprachinsel (Anhalt/Hołdunów). Der vorliegende Beitrag behandelt das Thema der Seibersdorfer Familiennamen, die vor der Auswanderung durch des Deutschen unkundige polnische Schreiber einerseits entstellt, andererseits aber in ihrer dialektalen Form konserviert wurden (etwa Bayger statt Berger, Wayner statt Wagner). Nach der Auswanderung wurden die Namen durch die preußischen Beamten richtiggestellt, oder in manchen Fällen „verschlimmbessert“ (Bayger wurde wieder Berger, aber aus Englert wurde Engel statt richtig Engelhard).
EN
In 1770 three hundred German inhabitants of the village of Seibersdorf/Kozy in Lesser Poland emigrated to Prussian Silesia and founded there a new language island (Anhalt/Hołdunów). This article deals with the surnames of the emigrants. Before the emigration the Polish writers who did not know German disfigured them or conserved the dialectal form (for example Bayger instead of Berger, Wayner instead of Wagner). After the emigration the Prussian authorities corrected the surnames or sometimes made them worse by trying to correct it (Bayger became Berger but Englert became Engel instead of Engelhard).
15
63%
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu są nazwiska niemieckie utworzone od nazw żywiołów. Materiał badawczy pochodzi ze słowników: Hansa Bahlowa, 1976, Deutsches Namenlexikon. Familien- und Vornamen nach Ursprung und Sinn erklärt, Suhrkamp, Baden-Baden; Josefa Karlmanna Brechenmachera, 1957–1960, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Deutschen Familiennamen. A–J, C.A. Starke Verlag, Limburg a.d. Lahn; tegoż, 1960–1963, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Deutschen Familiennamen. K–Z, C.A. Starke Verlag, Limburg a.d. Lahn; Duden. Familiennamen. Herkunft und Bedeutung. Bearbeitet von Rosa und Volker Kohlheim, 2005, Dudenverlag, Mannheim–Leipzig–Wien–Zürich; Maksa Gottschalda, 1954, Deutsche Namenkunde. Unsere Familiennamen nach ihrer Entstehung und Bedeutung, de Gruyter, Berlin oraz Horsta Naumanna, 1989, Familiennamenbuch, VEB Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig. W opracowaniu poszukuje się odpowiedzi na pytania o budowę słowotwórczą nazwisk. Występują tu nazwiska niederywowane słowotwórczo, derywaty oraz nazwiska zdaniowe. Pod względem semantyki większość zestawionych nazwisk to antroponimy jednomotywacyjne. Nieliczne nazwiska są pochodzenia dolnoniemieckiego, a niektóre posiadają odmianki graficzne.
EN
The subject of the paper is German surnames derived from names denoting elements. The research material originates from the following dictionaries: Hans Bahlow, 1976, Deutsches Namenlexikon. Familien- und Vornamen nach Ursprung und Sinn erklärt, Suhrkamp, Baden-Baden; Josef Karlmann Brechenmacher, 1957–1960, Etymologisches Die Naturgew alt in de utschen Familien amen ... 49 Wörterbuch der Deutschen Familiennamen. A–J, C.A. Starke Verlag, Limburg a.d. Lahn; Josef Karlmann Brechenmacher, 1960–1963, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Deutschen Familiennamen. K–Z, C.A. Starke Verlag, Limburg a.d. Lahn; Duden. Familiennamen. Herkunft und Bedeutung. Bearbeitet von Rosa und Volker Kohlheim, 2005, Dudenverlag, Mannheim–Leipzig–Wien–Zürich; Max Gottschald, 1954, Deutsche Namenkunde. Unsere Familiennamen nach ihrer Entstehung und Bedeutung, de Gruyter, Berlin; Horst Naumann, 1989, Familiennamenbuch, VEB Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig. The study is an attempt to search for an answer concerning the derivational morphology of surnames. The corpus subjected to analysis includes non-morphologically-derived surnames, derivatives and sentence-derived surnames. In terms of semantics, the majority of the surnames under analysis are anthroponyms with a single motivation. A few surnames are of Low German origin. Some surnames of the analysed material have graphical varieties.
PL
This study deals the use of personal names among Slovakia Hungarians. The bilingual environment of Slovakia Hungarians affects their use of personal names. Bilingual persons can choose names from a larger set of names. Choosing a variant of a personal name from one language or the other can depend on several factors: the communicative domain, the communication partners, the social or linguistic context etc. The dimensions of time, space and society play an important role in the change anddiversity of personal names. A Hungarian dominant use of names characterizes Slovakia Hungarians in the informal domains, and Slovak dominant use in the formal domains. A dual use of names or bi-naming can characterize a dual identity, however, most people employ this as a pre-emptive strategy trying to avoid a possible language or communication problem by using the form conforming with the majority norm in a majority language context and the form conforming with the minority norm in a minority language or informal context. Personal names have an identity marking function, and can indicate the language affiliation and nationality of their bearer.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono zależność między poszczególnymi typami strukturalnymi współczesnych nazwisk mieszkańców Bielska Podlaskiego a przynależnością konfesyjną ich nosicieli. Celem nadrzędnym była próba weryfikacji zasadności funkcjonowania stereotypów konotowanych przez określone modele nazwisk z uwzględnieniem czynnika etniczno-wyznaniowego. Do analizy wykorzystano nazwiska rodziców dzieci ochrzczonych w dwóch bielskich parafiach — prawosławnej i rzymskokatolickiej. Poszczególne typy nazwisk omówiono na tle obu grup wyznaniowych. Uwagę zwrócono na formanty nazwiskotwórcze antroponimów (przede wszystkim -ski, -owicz/-ewicz oraz -uk/-czuk). Badania wykazały, że omawiana zależność tylko częściowo znajduje potwierdzenie we współczesnym nazewnictwie mieszkańców miasta. Antroponimy z przyrostkiem -ski stanowią 44,1% zbioru wszystkich analizowanych nazwisk bielskich katolików i 21,9% zasobu nazwisk bielszczan wyznania prawosławnego. Dla nazwisk na -owicz/-ewicz odsetek ten wynosi odpowiednio 9,4% i 12,1%, natomiast dla nazwisk na -uk/-czuk — 12,3% (katolicy) i 33,7% (prawosławni
EN
The paper presents the relationship between individual structural types of modern surnames of people living in Bielsk Podlaski, and the religious denomination of their owners. The main aim of the study was to verify the legitimacy of stereotypes connoted by certain models of surnames with an emphasis on ethnic and religious aspects. Parental surnames of children baptised in two parishes of Bielsk Podlaski, Orthodox and Roman Catholic, were analysed. Individual types of surnames were discussed with reference to both religious groups. The analysis was focused on surname-forming elements of anthroponyms (mainly -ski, -owicz/-ewicz and -uk/-czuk). The study demonstrated that the discussed relationship is only in part reflected in the contemporary surnames of town residents. Anthroponyms with the -ski suffix account for 44.1% of all surnames of Roman Catholics and 21.9% of all surnames of Orthodox people from Bielsk Podlaski. For surnames ending with -owicz/-ewicz this ratio is 9.4% and 12.1%, respectively, and for surnames ending with -uk/-czuk — 12.3% (Roman Catholics) and 33.7% (Orthodox).
Onomastica
|
2021
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vol. 65
|
issue 2
179-188
EN
The subject of the article is to show a new, modified way of avoiding Polish inflection by the Church, understood here as an institution represented by priests. The analysis included first names and surnames excerpted from Holy Mass intentions and parish announcements published on the Internet from October 2020 to March 2021 by selected parishes of the Podkarpacie region. Publishing Mass intentions on the parish website resulted in the fact that inflection mistakes became permanent and could easily be indicated. In order to avoid criticism for linguistic incorrectness, the Church decided not to inflect first names and surnames in the messages published online. The analysis of the Mass intentions indicates that the Church promotes the use of an official and practical model of inflection that prefers nominativisation of names and surnames, as well as writing them in the form of lists. First names and surnames of the deceased (which are preceded by the symbol of the cross) are written in the nominative form, as opposed to inflected names of living parishioners. As a result, a name/surname that is not inflected (even without the cross) has begun to be perceived as a linguistic symbol of a dead person.
PL
Przedmiotem  artykułu jest pokazanie nowego, zmodyfikowanego sposobu unikania rodzimej fleksji przez Kościół rozumiany tu  jako instytucja reprezentowana przez księży. Materiałową podstawę pracy stanowią imiona i nazwiska wyekscerpowane z intencji mszalnych i ogłoszeń parafialnych zamieszczanych w internecie od października 2020 r. do marca 2021 r. przez wybrane parafie podkarpackie. Umieszczanie intencji mszalnych  na stronach internetowych parafii spowodowało, że  błędy fleksyjne nabierały trwałego charakteru i łatwo mogły być wykazane. Aby się nie narazić na krytykę niepoprawności językowej, w tekstach ogłoszeń Kościół zdecydował się więc na  zastosowanie wybiegu omijania odmiany imion i nazwisk. Analiza tekstów intencji mszalnych wykazała, że w Kościele gwałtownie szerzy się urzędniczy, praktyczny model odmiany preferujący nominatywizację imion i nazwisk i zestawianie ich w formie wykazów. Kostnienie, w postaci mianownikowej, imion i nazwisk zmarłych (poprzedzonych symbolem krzyża), w opozycji do czynnych fleksyjnie nazw własnych osób żyjących, powoduje, że w intencjach mszalnych unieruchomiona fleksyjnie forma imienia i nazwiska (nawet bez krzyża) zaczyna być traktowana jako językowy symbol osoby zmarłej. 
EN
Surnames are an integral part of a person’s family identity and accompany a person throughout their life. The study of regional anthroponymy is the basis for dialectology, lexicography, etymology, word formation, and comparative linguistics. This paper considers various principles of classifi cation of surnames in general, and in particular it analyses surnames of Ukrainians from Eastern Galicia, motivated by their own Polish names. The source of the surnames was the telephone books of Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv, and Ternopil. The sample consists of 657 surnames, out of which 57 names were used: 41 male and 16 female ones. Most names became the basis for the formation of not one but many surnames. The materials and results of the research can be used in writing comparative works on Ukrainian and Slavic onomastics, in research on lexicology and history of language.
UK
У словниковому складі кожної мови існує певна кількість запозичених прізвищ, які відображають міжетнічні та міжмовні контакти. Метою статті було виявити і проаналізувати прізвища українців Східної Галичини, мотивовані власними польськими іменами, розглянути різні принципи їх класифікації. Джерелом дослідження послужили телефонні довідники Івано-Франківська, Львова, Тернополя. Вибірка становить 657 прізвищ, твірними для яких послужило 57 імен: 41 чоловіче та 16 жіночих. Більшість імен стала основою для утворення не одного, а багатьох прізвищ. Матеріали і результати дослідження можуть бути використані при написанні порівняльних праць з української та слов’янської ономастики, у дослідженнях із лексикології та історії мови.
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Lidová etymologie a "hanlivá" příjmení

63%
Acta onomastica
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2018
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vol. 59
|
issue 1
42-53
EN
There are many Czech surnames motivated by parts of human or animal body. Some of them are connected with sexual or fecal activities. These surnames are pejorative and many of them were changed during the time and disappeared from our onymic system. This article is focused on surnames which are meant to be obscene only by a folk etymology but their real origin is different and they have nothing to do with vulgar common nouns. However, the pressure of the folk etymology is so strong that many people rather change their surname not to be objects of jokes and notes about their names.
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