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PL
Rozważa się problemy systemowe: najmniejszej „czarnej skrzynki” oraz najmniejszego systemu autonomicznego w sensie Mariana Mazura. Przedstawia się pewne konsekwencje biologiczne. Przy użyciu uogólnienia Mazurowskiego pojęcia autonomu rozważa się proste ilościowe aspekty łączenia i optymalizacji działania takich układów. Następnie przedstawia się podstawowe strategie energetyczne organizmów żywych, zapobiegające degeneracji ich materii: rozbudowę, transformację struktury oraz odrzucanie zużytego tworzywa.
EN
The problems of: a minimal „black box” and a minimal autonomous system (a concept proposed by Marian Mazur) are considered. Some biological implications are considered, too. A generalization of the autonomous system is used to present simple quantitative aspects of joining and optimization of functioning of such systems. Basic energetic strategies employed by organisms to prevent degeneration of their bodies are listed: extension, transformation of structure, rejecting worn out body parts.
EN
‘We got to know each other through our eyes…’ Research on Strategies for the Survival of Jewish Women Functioning above ‘Ground’ on the Aryan Side in Occupied Krakow and its Surroundings The purpose of this article is to show the survival strategies and the everyday life of Jewish women living on the so-called Aryan side in occupied Krakow and its surroundings. Ego-documents are the core source: relations and diaries collected in the Archive of the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw, the Archives of Yad Vashem in Jerusalem and the Archives of the Metropolitan Curia in Kraków. A thorough analysis of the phenomenon is very complex, therefore this article only discusses the fate of the Jewish women who co-existed amongst Polish society rather than those who did not have ‘Aryan documents’ or could be betrayed by their appearance, and were thus forced to remain in hiding the whole time. The article not only pays attention to the survival strategies and ways in which they disguised their origins and identities, but it also explores the everyday life, family relationships, work and religious life of these women. The author’ s aim was not to analyse aid provided to Jewish women by non-Jews, or symmetrically, to synthesise problems regarding the selling out of Jews in occupied Krakow. Both issues do appear in the article, but rather as background to the individual cases, since they were, in fact, inseparable elements of any survival strategy on the Aryan side in the GG ‘capital’. The article also notes the absence of certain topics in the interviews, related to the daily life of Jewish women in hiding, which makes a more comprehensive analysis difficult.
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