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Unfolding analysis adaptation for symbolic data – hybrid and symbolic-numeric approach

100%
Zaborski A., Pełka M.
Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics
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2013
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issue 3(41)
32-39
EN
The aim of this paper is to propose and present adaptations of unfolding analysis for symbolic data. In the article, the basic terms of unfolding analysis and symbolic data are presented. The paper presents two approaches – the internal hybrid approach and the external symbolic-numeric approach. In the empirical part, the external symbolic-numeric unfolding for LCD brands is presented. Symbolic multidimensional scaling R source codes were written by authors.
2
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Analysis of happiness in EU countries using the multi-model classification based on models of symbolic data

100%
Pełka M.
Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics
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2019
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issue vol. 23 no. 3
15-25
EN
The results of happiness analysis are presented in the form of a World Happiness Report that covers 156 countries and 17 different indicators. In the article model-based clustering ensemble is built to determine what selected European countries have similar patterns of happiness. The results are analyzed using multidimensional scaling and a decision tree to find out what factors determine cluster memberships. In the empirical part, three clusters were detected The first contains countries: Austria, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. They have the highest values for all the variables, except the negative affect. The second cluster contains seven countries: Bulgaria, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Slovakia. This cluster is also the most homogeneous one. The third cluster contains eight countries: Cyprus, the Czech Republic, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Slovenia and Spain.
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Analysis of innovations in the European Union via ensemble symbolic density clustering

100%
Pełka M.
Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics
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2018
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issue vol. 22 no. 3
84-98
EN
Innovations play a very important role in the modern economy. They are the key to a higher quality of life, better jobs and economy and sustainable development. The innovation policy is a key element of both national and European Union strategy. The main aim of this paper is to present an ensemble clustering of European Union countries (member states) considering their innovativeness. In the empirical section, symbolic density-based ensemble clustering is used to obtain the co-occurrence matrix. The paper uses symbolicDA, clusterSim and dbscan packages of R software for all calculations. Four different clusters where obtained in the result of clustering. Cluster 1 contains highinnovative countries (innovation leaders). This cluster is also the least homogenous. Cluster 2 contains post-communist countries mainly from central Europe. These countries can be seen as rather mid-low innovative (they try to “catch up” with innovation leaders). Cluster 3 contains moderate innovators. Cluster 4 contains two countries that are also mid-innovative.
4
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Regresja logistyczna dla danych symbolicznych interwałowych

100%
Pełka M.
Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics
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2015
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issue 2 (48)
44-52
EN
When dealing with real data situation we often have a binary (biomial, dichoto-mous) dependent variable. As the linear probability model is not such a good solution in such a situation there is a need to use nonlinear models. A quite good solution for such a sit-uation is the logistic regression model. The paper presents an adaptation of linear regression model when dealing with symbolic interval-valued variables. Four approaches poposed by de Souza et. al [2011] how to apply such variables are presented. In the empirical part re-sults obtained with the application of artificial and real data sets are shown. The best results are obtained for midpoint and bounds (joint estimation) methods.
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Cluster Analysis – Symbolic vs. Classical Data

88%
Wilk J., Pełka M., Wroclaw Univeristy of Economics C. o. E. a. C. S., Wroclaw Univeristy of Economics C. o. E. a. C. S.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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2013
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vol. 286
EN
Clustering problem is addressed in many contexts and disciplines. Although there are numerous studies on cluster analysis, there is a lack of a review to complete and systematize knowledge of research approach depending on data form. The paper presents a concept of clustering, classifications of cluster analysis methods, comparison of numerical and symbolic taxonomy, specificity of symbolic data as regards classical data, methods of numerical and symbolic data analysis applicable in clustering procedure.
PL
Celem artykułu jest usystematyzowanie wiedzy na temat analizy skupień w zależności od rodzaju danych empirycznych opisujących problem badawczy. W artykule zaprezentowano cele analizy skupień, dokonano klasyfikacji metod analizy skupień, porównano metody taksonomii numerycznej i symbolicznej. Omówiono także specyfikę danych symbolicznych w odniesieniu do danych w ujęciu klasycznym oraz ich źródła w badaniach ekonomicznych. Wskazano metody statystyczne, jakie mają zastosowanie w analizie danych klasycznych i symbolicznych na każdym etapie procedury klasyfikacji.
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Symbolic Approach in Regional Analyses

88%
Wilk J.
Statistics in Transition new series
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2012
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vol. 13
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issue 3
581-600
EN
Regional studies cover a spectrum of diversified phenomena and problems including social, economic and environmental ones, which refer to territorial units. Owing to their specific characteristics they are most frequently of both multivariate and complex nature. Conducting regional research is associated with the need to consider such difficulties as large data sets, insufficient precision of phenomena description, disregarding territorial diversification of a given phenomenon, as well as incomplete description of problems. The objective of the paper is to suggest solutions to these problems by means of symbolic approach application which basically consists in presenting phenomena in the form of symbolic data. The first part of the paper discusses specific nature of symbolic data, methods for collecting symbolic data and methods for these data analysis. The second part presents an empirical example referring to the assessment of labour market situation in Polish regions (NTS-2) using symbolic data and cluster analysis.
7
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The Unfolding Analysis for Symbolic Objects Based on the Example of the External Car Advertisement Evaluation

63%
Zaborski A., Pełka M.
Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics
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2023
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vol. 27
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issue 4
15-28
PL
Cel: Wielowymiarowa analiza unfolding pozwala na przedstawienie zarówno kolumn (np. produktów, usług), jak i wierszy (np. klientów) macierzy preferencji na tej samej mapie percepcyjnej (zwykle jest to mapa dwulub trójwymiarowa). Celem artykułu jest wskazanie propozycji przeprowadzenia analizy unfolding dla obiektów symbolicznych. Metodyka: W artykule opisano możliwe sposoby przeprowadzenia analizy unfolding dla symbolicznych danych przedziałowych. Szczegółowo opisana zewnętrzna analiza unfolding została wykorzystana w części empirycznej artykułu. Dane (zarówno preferencje, jak i niepodobieństwa) zebrano z wykorzystaniem niepełnej metody triad. Wyniki: W części empirycznej zaprezentowano możliwości zastosowania analizy unfolding dla danych symbolicznych w badaniu preferencji respondentów na przykładzie oceny wybranych reklam samochodów. Wyniki zilustrowane na dwuwymiarowej mapie percepcyjnej pozwoliły zidentyfikować siedem grup respondentów o różnych preferencjach względem przedstawionych reklam. Wyniki badania wskazują, że dla większości respondentów reklamy Škody, Audi, Hondy i Volkswagena są bardziej preferowane niż reklamy proponowane przez Volvo i Toyotę. Implikacje i rekomendacje: Zaprezentowane podejście do zewnętrznej analizy unfolding pozwala na prezentację obiektów w postaci prostokątów (w przestrzeni dwuwymiarowej) lub prostopadłościanów (w przestrzeni trójwymiarowej), a respondentów – w postaci punktów. Dalsze prace powinny skoncentrować się na stworzeniu algorytmu pozwalającego na prezentację zarówno obiektów symbolicznych, jak i wyrażanych przez respondentów preferencji w postaci prostokątów lub prostopadłościanów. Oryginalność/Wartość: Artykuł prezentuje nowatorskie i nieprezentowane wcześniej podejście do zewnętrznej analizy unfolding dla danych symbolicznych. Ponadto przedstawia inne możliwe podejścia do symbolicznej analizy unfolding.
EN
Aim: Multidimensional unfolding allows representing both columns (e.g. products, services) and rows (e.g. customers) of the preference matrix on the same low-dimensional map (usually it’s a two or three-dimensional map). The main aim of the paper was to propose how to perform unfolding analysis for symbolic objects. Methodology: The paper describes the possible ways of performing unfolding analysis for symbolic interval-valued data. The external unfolding is described in the details and used in the empirical part of the paper. The data (preferences and dissimilarities) were gathered by using the incomplete method of triads. Results: The empirical part presents an application for unfolding symbolic data to evaluate customers’ preferences, where car advertisements are used as the example. The results presented on a two-dimensional perceptual map allowed to discover seven groups of respondents with different preferences; most of them prefer Skoda, Audi, Volkswagen, and Honda advertisements to Toyota and Volvo. Implications and recommendations: The proposed external approach for symbolic data allows to represent objects as rectangles (on two-dimensional map) or cuboids (in the case of three dimensions). The respondents are represented as points. Further work should focus on creating an algorithm that allows for the presentation of both symbolic objects and preferences expressed by respondents in the form of rectangles or cuboids. Originality/Value: The paper presents an innovative and previously unpresented external unfolding for symbolic data. Besides that it presents how other unfolding approaches could be adapted for symbolic data.
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