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Linguaculture
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2014
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vol. 2014
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issue 1
63-72
EN
This paper explores, within an ecological perspective on language learning (cf. van Lier 2004), the valuable role that translation as adaptation can play in mediating and making sense of cross-cultural experiences in the multilingual language classroom. The aim is to develop a multilingual pedagogy that includes translation as adaptation as an integral part of the language curriculum in order to foster translingual and transcultural competence, this being the goal of foreign language education in the 21st century (cf. MLA 2007:2). The first part of the paper introduces the theoretical framework that conceptualises translation as being closely related to adaptation. It then analyses salient scenes from Gianni Amelio’s bilingual drama La stella che non c'è/The Missing Star/L'Étoile Imaginaire (2006) filmed in Italy and China and screened in competition as part of the 2006 Venice Film Festival. Moving on from research to pedagogic practice, the final part of the paper outlines a teaching unit that is based on the film and is aimed at undergraduate L1 Chinese learners of Italian and L1 Italian learners of Chinese. The objective of the pedagogic unit is to raise awareness of the transformative power enshrined in linguistic and cultural exchanges mediated by audio-visual translation as an eminent example of adaptation.
Human Affairs
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2015
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vol. 25
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issue 2
153-163
EN
The paper deals with the paradox of the incommensurability of the demands of responsiveness and performativity in representative democracy. To solve this puzzle, the paper first analyzes Pitkin’s concept of symbolic representation. Pitkin sees symbolic representation as a caricature of democracy because of its performativity, non-rationality and vagueness. The paper argues that these are indeed the key characteristics of every single representative act and that their presence does not make representation undemocratic. Using the work of Claude Lefort, the second part of the paper attempts to set out the conditions that would enable us to differentiate between the performativity of representation appropriate in a democratic society and the sheer falsification of the popular will. The paper claims that such a distinction would demand that we extend our understanding of representation to go beyond the relation between the representative and the represented and focus instead on the contestability of governmental claims to represent
EN
Nowadays, Versailles is mainly a tourist attraction, which draws 8.1 million visitors per year (figure 2018, Versailles Annual Activity Report). However, it was built in the second half of the 17th century to serve as the centre of the French monarchy and exemplifies a symbolic vision of the ideal monarchy, according to Louis XIV. The Hall of Mirrors is the focal point of the political representation displaying the French wealth and power of the Grand Siècle. The Franco-Dutch War (1672–1678) is the main subject of the historical decoration, painted by Charles Le Brun. The Dutch Republic is an essential part of the political theory depicted here, and serves as a counter-example to the idealised absolute monarchy embodied by the Sun King himself. Hence, the small Dutch Republic, then in its heyday, is a crucial partner to France in this elegant albeit conflictual pas de deux. The manner of portraying the Republic is significant for the understanding of the royal credo of Louis’s France, and emphasises the essential role of the Dutch Republic in 17th-century Europe.
EN
This research proposes the comparative analysis of the symbolic representations of Maidan in the Ukrainian and Polish media outlets that comprise tabloid and quality publications. Different types of symbols are identified in the news analysis, reports, and feature stories on Maidan. The typology of symbols is worked out on the basis of the Cassirer’s philosophy of symbolic forms and Langer’s symbol theory. The coded types of symbols include symbol-products, symbol-concepts, symbol-slogans, symbol-situations, symbol-processes, and symbolic actions. With the help of the content analysis it is found that some most visible symbols in the media coverage of Maidan coincide in the Ukrainian and Polish print media. These are the symbol-concept “barricade”, the symbol-concept “Berkut”, and the symbol-process “dispersal of Maidan”. However, there are symbols that have either quantitative or qualitative significance in the Polish press and are absent in the Ukrainian media at all, namely, the symbol-product “blood”, the symbol-concept “solidarity”, the symbol-concept “freedom”.
PL
W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono wyniki analizy porównawczej reprezentacji symbolicznych Majdanu w prasie ukraińskiej oraz polskiej, w tym reprezentacji obecnych zarówno w tabloidach, jak i w tygodnikach opinii. Przedmiotem badania stały się różne typy symboli (tj. symbole-produkty, symbole-koncepty, symbole-slogany, symbole-sytuacje, symbole-procesy, działania symboliczne), wyodrębnione w oparciu o filozofię form symbolicznych Ernsta Cassirera oraz teorię symboli Susanne Langer, identyfikowane w reportażach i artykułach publicystycznych poświęconych wydarzeniom, jakie miały miejsce na Majdanie Niezależności w Kijowie w czasie Rewolucji Godności. Dzięki analizie zawartości tych tekstów udało się ustalić, że najbardziej widoczne symbole są, i w prasie ukraińskiej, i w prasie polskiej, podobne. Wśród nich należy wymienić: „barykadę” (symbol-koncept), „Berkut” (symbol-koncept), „rozpędzenie Majdanu” (symbol-proces). Ponadto w prasie polskiej dostrzeżono symbole, jak też idee i pojęcia je wyrażające, nieobecne w prasie ukraińskiej, w tym: „krew”, „solidarność” i „wolność”.
PL
W ostatnich latach pojawiły się metody symbolicznego reprezentowania szeregów czasowych. Te badania są zasadniczo motywowane względami praktycznymi, takimi jak oszczędzanie pamięci lub szybkie przeszukiwanie baz danych. Niektóre wyniki w temacie symbolicznego reprezentowania szeregów czasowych sugerują, że zapis skrócony może nawet poprawić wyniki grupowania. Artykuł zawiera propozycję nowego algorytmu ukierunkowanego na zagadnienie skróconej symbolicznej reprezentacji szeregów czasowych, a w szczególności na efektywne grupowanie szeregów. Idea propozycji polega na wykorzystaniu techniki PAA (piecewise aggregate approximation) z następną analizą korelacji otrzymanych segmentów szeregu. Podstawowym celem artykułu jest modyfikacja techniki PAA ukierunkowana na możliwość dalszego grupowania szeregów w ich skróconym zapisie. Próbowano również znaleźć odpowiedzi na następujące pytania: „Czy zadanie grupowania szeregów czasowych w ich oryginalnej postaci ma sens?”, „Ile pamięci można oszczędzić, stosując nowy algorytm?”. Efektywność nowego algorytmu została zbadana na empirycznych zbiorach danych szeregów czasowych. Wyniki pokazują, że nowa propozycja jest dość efektywna przy bardzo nikłym stopniu parametryzacji wymaganym od użytkownika.
EN
In recent years a couple of methods aimed at time series symbolic representation have been introduced or developed. This activity is mainly justified by practical considerations such memory savings or fast data base searching. However, some results suggest that in the subject of time series clustering symbolic representation can even upgrade the results of clustering. The article contains a proposal of a new algorithm directed at the task of time series abridged symbolic representation with the emphasis on efficient time series clustering. The idea of the proposal is based on the PAA (piecewise aggregate approximation) technique followed by segmentwise correlation analysis. The primary goal of the article is to upgrade the quality of the PAA technique with respect to possible time series clustering (its speed and quality). We also tried to answer the following questions. Is the task of time series clustering in their original form reasonable? How much memory can we save using the new algorithm? The efficiency of the new algorithm was investigated on empirical time series data sets. The results prove that the new proposal is quite effective with a very limited amount of parametric user interference needed. 
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EN
Łódź is often called “the capital of Polish film”. The cultural history of this town from the end of World War Two to the present day is closely connected with the movie industry. Marek Hendrykowski’s study on Łódź as a cinematic city offers the first comprehensive critical guide to the many films, interviews, published writings and individual memoirs of the Film School’s students and professors. This panoramic view presents the process of the historical transformation of cinematic images from Łódź between 1945 and 2013, as well as the profound influence this town had on many filmmakers. It serves as a reference work that will allow readers to navigate the subject’s wide range of examples: from Antoni Bohdziewicz, Jerzy Bossak, Kazimierz Kutz and Andrzej Wajda to Krzysztof Kieślowski, Wojciech Wiszniewski, Janusz Kijowski and Polish filmmakers of new generation.
PL
Cinematic City Łódź through eyes of the Film School. Students and Professors Łódź is often called “the capital of Polish film”. The cultural history of this town from the end of World War Two to the present day is closely connected with the movie industry. Marek Hendrykowski’s study on Łódź as a cinematic city offers the first comprehensive critical guide to the many films, interviews, published writings and individual memoirs of the Film School’s students and professors. This panoramic view presents the process of the historical transformation of cinematic images from Łódź between 1945 and 2013, as well as the profound influence this town had on many filmmakers. It serves as a reference work that will allow readers to navigate the subject’s wide range of examples: from Antoni Bohdziewicz, Jerzy Bossak, Kazimierz Kutz and Andrzej Wajda to Krzysztof Kieślowski, Wojciech Wiszniewski, Janusz Kijowski and Polish filmmakers of new generation.
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