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Raný Mallarmé v českých překladech

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Šuman Z., Ébert-Zeminová C.
Slovo a smysl - Word & Sense
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2019
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vol. 16
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issue 31
40-62
EN
This article consists in a thorough analysis of various Czech translations of the early poems of French Symbolist poet Stéphane Mallarmé. The main difficulties arise from Mallarmé’s omnipresence in Czech literary culture, together with a tendency to adapt his poetry to fit the mood of changing historical contexts and expectations. Many Czech poets — some of the most prominent — have dealt with Mallarmé’s poetry, and its influence cannot be limited to a simple matter of translation. Among other things, it has thoroughly permeated Czech poetry in a specifically political way, as we see for example with Hrubín’s historic address to the Convention of Writers in 1956. The overall aim of this paper however is to present a detailed examination of two Parnassian poems by Mallarmé as translated by F. Dohnal, E. Lešehrad, K. Čapek, V. Nezval, F. Hrubín, O. Nechutová, V. Mikeš and J. Pokorný. Based on a series of observations that have mainly to do with semantics, prosody and the translators’ overarching strategies, the authors come to the conclusion that the early Czech translations depend too much (if not word-for-word) on the French originals, and on Parnassian poetical principals. A sensible change comes with K. Čapek. It is, however, F. Hrubín, himself an acclaimed poet, who offers the most convincing translation, at least if we take into consideration such traditional or conservative criteria as precision and accuracy
2
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Motiv utonulé dívky v poezii německého expresionismu

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Malý R.
Svět literatury – Časopis pro novodobé literatury (World of Literature – Journal for Modern Literatures)
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2016
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vol. 54
75-89
CS
The motif of a beautiful drowned girl or, generally, a young woman related to the water environment has appeared in European art since antiquity. The crucial turning point in the approach to the figure of a girl tragically related to the water element came with Shakespeare’s Hamlet: it features the strong female character of Hamlet’s lover Ophelia, who goes mad and tragically drowns after the Prince’s refusal. Her death became a popular subject in the field of fine arts and literature, with its popularity culminating in emotionally charged eras; i.e. Romanticism and, later,Symbolism and Decadence. J. A. Rimbaud’s poem Ophelia had a far-reaching influence on German poetry where the motif of a drowned girl became a frequent subject. This relationship was initiated by the translation of Rimbaud’s poems into German by Karl Klammer. The paper examines his influence on the poems of the expressionists Georg Heym, Georg Trakl, and Gottfried Benn.
3
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Wyzewův Wagner: ideál jednoty a realita hranic

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Šuman Z., Ébert-Zeminová C.
Svět literatury – Časopis pro novodobé literatury (World of Literature – Journal for Modern Literatures)
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2019
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vol. 60
69-82
EN
The article deals with the legacy of Teodor de Wyzewa’s reflexions on Wagner/Wagnerism and their substantial impact on French Symbolist writers. The requirement to actually overcome national boundaries and pertaining ideologies has been a major step in seeking to open up French literature towards major foreign influences. It has also contributed to shape and define modernism, albeit in a rather conservative and largely neo-classical fashion.
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Od emblematycznej alegorii do symbolicznej hypotypozy — z przemian obrazowania śmierci w liryce czeskiej końca XIX wieku

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Gwóźdź-Szewczenko I.
Slavica Wratislaviensia
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2019
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vol. 168
263-274
EN
From emblematic allegory to symbolic hypotyposis: On the changes of depicting death in Czech poetry at the close of the 19th century The paper is devoted to the analysis of depictions of death in Czech poetry created at the end of the 19th century. The author starts her deliberations from the poetry of the 1890s which was created in the spirit of realism. Then, she moves on to the deliberations about modernist poetry which — in this paper — is not considered as a homogenous whole. Starting from decadence, chronologically the earliest, through impressionism to mature modernism manifesting itself in symbolism, the author analyses the manners of depicting death and the figures of speech, pointing to the transition of portraying death from the emblematic and allegoric images of death to the symbolic hypotyposis. The author stresses the deconstruction of the traditional topos in modernism. This deconstruction involved a lack of references to an established set of images and thus to this linguistic ritual which had been active for ages. The Grim Reaper with a scythe could no longer be a simple symbol of death. In the times of modernism, poetry finally freed itself from those types of allegoric depictions. The deconstruction of the topos in its basic frameworks and in the most traditional ritualised formula forced poets to look for their individual languages, to create symbols which would not repeat the conventionalised allegories.
CS
Od emblematické alegorie k symbolické hypotypóze — proměny zobrazovánί smrti v české lyrice na sklonu 19. století Článek je věnován analýze zobrazování smrti v české poezii na sklonku 19. století. Autorka své úvahy otevírá poezií 80. let, která vznikala v duchu realismu, a následně přechází k pojednání o modernistické poezii, jíž však nevnímá jako monolitickou. Autorka chronologicky od nejranější dekadence, přes impresionismus až ke zralé moderně vyjadřující se symbolisticky analyzuje způsoby prezentace smrti a slovní figury poukazující na přechod od emblematicko-alegorických obrazů smrti k symbolickým hypotypózám v zobrazování smrti. Autorka ukazuje rozpad tradiční topiky v moderně, což s sebou nese skutečnost, že se básníci neodvolávají na ustálený soubor obrazů, tedy k takovému jazykovému uchopení, jež bylo po staletí živé. Smrtka s kosou již nemohla představovat jednoduchý symbol smrti. V době modernismu se poezie osvobozuje od tohoto druhu alegorických obrazů. Rozpad topiky v jejich základních rysech a jejích nejtradičnějších a ritualizovaných postav vybízel básníky k hledání individuálního jazyka, k vytváření takových symbolů, které nenásledovaly konvenční alegorii.
5
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A historical interaction between artificial intelligence and philosophy

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Zhang Y.
Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)
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2023
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vol. 45
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issue 2
215-245
EN
This paper delves into AI development’s historical and philosophical dimensions while highlighting the symbiotic relationship between philosophy and AI from a technological perspective: philosophy furnishes foundational concepts, and AI supplies practical tools. The paper posits neurosymbolic AI as a solution to present challenges, sparking discussions encompassing both technical and philosophical considerations. Advocating a multidisciplinary approach calls for merging empirical AI insights with philosophy and cognition science to enrich our comprehension of intelligence and propel AI forward.
CS
Tento článek se zabývá historickými a filosofickými rozměry vývoje umělé inteligence a zdůrazňuje symbiotický vztah mezi filosofií a umělou inteligencí z technologického hlediska: filosofie poskytuje základní koncepty a umělá inteligence praktické nástroje. Článek navrhuje neurosymbolickou umělou inteligenci jako řešení současných výzev a otevírá diskusi zahrnující technická i filosofická hlediska. Podpora tohoto multidisciplinárního přístupu vyžaduje spojení empirických poznatků z oblasti umělé inteligence s filosofií a kognitivní vědou. Tento přístup dokáže nejen obohatit naše porozumění inteligence jako takové, ale také posunout vývoj umělé inteligence vpřed.
6
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Symbolismus v podání Tancrèda de Visan

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Šuman Z.
Svět literatury – Časopis pro novodobé literatury (World of Literature – Journal for Modern Literatures)
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2015
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vol. 52
27-31
EN
This paper analyzes Tancrède de Visan’s early views on Symbolism as they appear in his foreword to the poetry collection Paysages introspectifs (1904). We put a special emphasis on some Bergsonian key notions, such as intuition or élan vital, and the way Visan uses them in order to distinguish the Parnass’ methods from those used by the Symbolists.
7
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Posel, překladatel, interpret? Emil Saudek a Otokar Březina: mezi překladem a exegezí EXEGESIS

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Vojvodík J.
Svět literatury – Časopis pro novodobé literatury (World of Literature – Journal for Modern Literatures)
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2020
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issue 62
9-26
EN
The paper examines the relationship between the poetic works of Otokar Březina and its translations and interpretations by Emil Saudek. The aim is to put Saudek’s interpretations of Březina into the context of mysticism, neomytologism and neovitalism of the early 20th century modernism, the philosophical background of which Saudek knew very well. It can be said that in Saudek’s translations, criticism, and readings of Březina an ideal symbiosis of a translator and/as interpreter.
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