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EN
Introduction: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers occurring in Poland. Unfortunately, this cancer is most often diagnosed at the time of great advancement. This is caused by the appearance of specific symptoms only in the late stages of cancer. Also, such low detection of early stages of adenocarcinoma may be caused by disregarding of slight symptoms. Purpose: To analyse symptoms in patients with colorectal cancer and correlate with chosen clinical-pathological parameters. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 46 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Information on symptoms associated with cancer (subjective and objective) have been selected from patients' medical history. The presence of these symptoms was correlated with the age and sex of patients, tumor location, histological type of cancer, grade of histological malignancy (G), stage of tumor (T stage), presence of lymph node metastases and distant metastases. Results: It has been shown that the presence of pain complaints described by the patient are associated with the occurrence of cancer in the colon. The painfulness and pathological resistance diagnosed by the physician are more often associated with cancer located in the colon. In the case of tumors located in the rectum, faecal admixtures appear more frequently. It has also been shown that the presence of admixtures of blood and mucus in the stool is associated with more advanced local tumors, infiltrating pericolorectal tissues (T3 + T4). Conclusions: Familiarity with clinical symptoms of colorectal cancer could make patients more sensitive to more often screening for cancer. Analysis of these symptoms could indicate to the physician the location or stage of the cancer.
EN
The author discusses in this article a problem, important for the practice of pastoral care, of the manifestations of possession. He first cites the symptoms listed in the „Ritual of exorcism”, as well as in the opinions of well-known theologians. The symptoms are then discussed by division into three groups: physical, mental and spiritual. The first includes: unusual strength of a destructive nature, hearing strange voices, visual and auditory hallucinations, somatic disorders, self-injurious behavior, the phenomenon of telekinesis. Psychiatric symptoms include unusual knowledge; non-learned language skills; the symptoms of blockage of the mind, emotions and will; disintegration of the psyche. For the spiritual side we include an aversion to people and holy things, blasphemy, disruption of conscience, despair and suicidal thoughts, and Satan-worship.
EN
The word autism increasingly appears on the lips of most pedagogues, teachers and parents. Why? This disorder is more and more common today in our environment: at school, in the family. The causes of this disease are not well known yet, but there are more and more methods and ways or means of treatment that allow the child with autism to "function as normal" in the society. It is very important to diagnose and start treatment as soon as it is possible. The following article introduces the theoretical aspects of this disorder, such as the concept or symptoms, which have been thoroughly discussed and summarized in a table form.In this article have been described only some of the possible ways to work with autistic children, such as behavioral therapy, Option Method, Activity Plans, sensory integration method. Each of these methods largely supports the development of a child with autism. The article ends with a summary and the conclusion of the theoretical study.
EN
The purpose of this study was to test whether the frequencies of vasomotor, somatic, and emotional symptoms at midlife were associated with household composition or workloads. Patrilocal family arrangements are common in Bangladesh and, since mothers-in-law hold a position of power vis-à-vis their daughters-in-law, we hypothesized that living with a mother-in-law would increase the likelihood of symptoms at midlife, while living with a daughter-in-law would decrease likelihood of symptoms. We also hypothesised that women with high levels of household workloads would be more likely to report symptoms associated with midlife. Women aged 35-59 living in Sylhet, Bangladesh, (n=157) participated in interviews and anthropometric measures. Symptom frequencies during the past two weeks were collected. Household workloads were computed as minutes spent in housework, caring for dependents, and cooking. Daily values were multiplied by times per week the activity was carried out. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between family composition, workloads, and symptoms. Dizzy spells, nervous tension, lack of energy, aches/stiffness in joints, and trouble sleeping were most frequent. Hot flashes were reported by 46% of participants. Women spent more hours caring for dependents than cooking or doing housework. The likelihood of hot flashes increased with time spent in housework and cooking, with daughters in the household, and with chewing betel nut. Daughters-in-law in the household decreased the likelihood of hot flashes. The likelihood of nervous tension increased with peri-menopausal status, stress, and sons in the household, and decreased with more hours spent caring for dependents. The frequency of somatic symptoms and depressed mood exceeded the frequency of hot flashes. Household composition and workloads were more important than menopausal status in explaining variation in symptom frequencies. After controlling for other variables, the presence of mothers-in-law did not increase the likelihood of reporting symptoms at midlife; however, the presence of a daughter-in-law reduced the likelihood of hot flashes, perhaps because of fewer hours spent on housework and cooking.
EN
This paper presents the history and curricula of the Cluttering Course at (the Barczi Gusztáv Faculty of Special Education at ELTE University, Budapest, Hungary. Hungary has a long tradition in treating fluency disorders, such as stuttering and cluttering. The Speech and Language Therapy Training Programme (BA) has recently become part of the Undergraduate Training Programme (BA) in Special Education. The aim of the training programme in Speech and Language Therapy is to prepare professionals for assessing, preventing and treating speech and language disorders. The SLT Training Programme includes three courses in Fluency Disorders: Stuttering, Cluttering and the Treatment of Stuttering and Cluttering.
EN
Introduction: Newborns born prematurely and treated in intensive care units are at greater risk of experiencing pain than patients treated in other units. Purpose: To evaluate the severity of pain perceived by children during the performance of medical procedures related to the treatment and care process. Materials and methods: The study was conducted at one of the Intensive Care Units in Opole. The study group consisted of 100 newborns, 60% of the subjects were prematurely born newborns, and 40% - were full-term. The degree of procedural pain associated with blood collection, peripheral puncture insertion, upper respiratory tract suction, gastric tube insertion and ophthalmic examination was assessed by an observation method using the standard Neonatal Infant Pain Scale Form (NIPS). Results: Out of the analysed medical procedures, 100% of children experienced acute, severe pain over the course of suction and ophthalmological examination. The highest perception of pain was experienced by 88.3% of premature newborns and 71.8% of full-term newborns. Over the course of medical procedures, 84% of male and 79.6% female newborns experienced acute pain. It was shown that the degree of pain perception was determined by the type of performed medical procedure (p=0.001) and the gestational age of the newborn (p=0.037). On the other hand, there was no correlation between the sex of the newborn child and the degree of pain perception (p=0.758). Conclusions: Based on the foregoing study result, bearing in mind the need to minimise the effects of pain stimulation, it seems important to use standardised tools to assess the severity of pain in newborns treated in Intensive Care Units on a larger scale.
EN
Objectives Many facts indicate the important role of psychosomatic symptoms that occur due to traumatic events. This study is an analysis of the coexistence of psychosomatic symptoms and traumatic events. Though not every person taking part in these events develops a fully symptomatic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), psychosomatic symptoms with a strong psychological component are observed in many. This study focuses on a comparison of the intensity of somatization, anxiety, depression, and distress of medical university students, who encountered a traumatic event and those who have not experienced trauma. Material and Methods The data was collected from 594 students of different academic majors at the Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland. The participants were asked if they had experienced situations that caused psychological trauma as well as about the intensity of their psychosomatic symptoms. The data was collected with 2 questionnaires: Post-traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale and Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire. Results The study reveals that 78% of students experienced a traumatic event, in 15% moderate and severe symptoms of PTSD are observed, 45% presents average and high stress levels, 23% experiences symptoms of depression, whereas 30% has anxiety and 26% somatic symptoms. Conclusions Studies show that experiencing traumatic events in life is linked to the higher intensity of an/the entire range of psychosomatic symptoms.
EN
Introduction: According to the specialists, our health condition is significantly determined by our lifestyle. Consequently, prevention, health promotion and pro-health behavior pattern advertising are the priorities that should be taken into account while dealing with the modern health care system. The aim of this study was to analyse the women’s attitudes towards the prevention of the female reproductive system diseases. Research Material and Methods: The research was conducted among women from four gynecological wards. These women were hospitalized because of the need of diagnosis and/or treatment within the genital organ. A diagnostic survey was applied as a research method. The instrument for data collection was a specially designed questionnaire. Results: Most of the respondents were women who saw a gynecologist because of the disease symptoms (85,2%). Most women (29,6%) saw a doctor within 1-2 months after having observed anxious symptoms and 20% of respondents had been waiting until 10 months or even longer before they saw a specialist. The most women (46,4%) who did not see a doctor immediately (1-3 days), in spite of complaints, claimed that the reason for that was their negligence. Conclusions: 1. In spite of complaints, the most of respondents did not visit a gynecologist immediately; 2. Negligence and low health awareness were the main reasons for delaying a visit to the specialist; 3. To change women’s attitudes towards the health protection, it is necessary to acquire the ability of having preventive examinations in a systematic way; 4. In order to increase the women’s attendance at the reproductive system preventive examinations, it is recommended to carry out educational activities supported by the application of the modern mass media.
PL
Wstęp: W ocenie specjalistów, styl życia w największym stopniu determinuje stan zdrowia człowieka. Z tego względu zagadnienia profilaktyki, promocji zdrowia i propagowania zachowań prozdrowotnych zalicza się do priorytetowych zadań współczesnego systemu ochrony zdrowia. Celem pracy była analiza zachowań kobiet w zakresie profilaktyki chorób żeńskich narządów płciowych. Materiał i metoda: Grupę badaną stanowiły pacjentki czterech oddziałów ginekologicznych. Badane kobiety hospitalizowane były z powodu potrzeby diagnozowania i/lub leczenia chorób w obrębie narządu rodnego. Metodą badawczą był sondaż diagnostyczny. Zastosowano kwestionariusz ankiety według własnego opracowania. Wyniki: W badanej populacji przeważały kobiety, które zgłosiły się do lekarza ginekologa w związku z wystąpieniem objawów choroby (85,2% kobiet). W analizowanej grupie, najwięcej kobiet (29,6%) udało się do lekarza w ciągu 1-2 miesięcy po wystąpieniu niepokojących objawów, a około 20% respondentek czekało aż 10 miesięcy lub dłużej zanim zgłosiły się do specjalisty. Wśród badanych, które mimo odczuwanych dolegliwości nie zgłosiły się natychmiast (1-2-3 dni) do lekarza, najwięcej kobiet (46,4%) jako główny powód swojego zachowania wymieniło zaniedbanie. Wnioski: 1. Mimo odczuwanych dolegliwości większość respondentek nie zgłosiła się natychmiast do lekarza ginekologa. 2. Zaniedbanie i niska świadomość zdrowotna kobiet były głównymi przyczynami odwlekania wizyty u specjalisty. 3. Warunkiem uzyskania zmiany zachowań kobiet w zakresie ochrony własnego zdrowia jest nabycie umiejętności systematycznego zgłaszania się na badania profilaktyczne. 4. W celu zwiększenia frekwencji kobiet w profilaktycznych badaniach narządu rodnego należy stale prowadzić działania edukacyjne z wykorzystaniem nowoczesnych środków masowego przekazu.
EN
The article addresses the issue of a body language as a semiotic code and its reflection in systems of natural languages, in their phraseological resources. The material for analysis is phraseological units of contemporary Polish and Russian languages. The basis for comparison is the phraseological concept by Weronika N. Telia (В.Н. Телия) and linguistic works by Grigorij E. Krejdlin (Г.Е. Крейдлин). First and foremost, three types of signs of the body language are verbalised in subsystems under analysis: bodily symptoms, symptomatic and communicative gestures and a body position.
Logopedia
|
2012
|
vol. 41
9-23
EN
This paper presents the history and curricula of the Cluttering Course at (the Barczi Gusztáv Faculty of Special Education at ELTE University ,Budapest ,Hungary. Hungary has a long tradition in treating fluency disorders, such as stuttering and cluttering. The Speech and Language Therapy Training Programme (BA) has recently become part of the Undergraduate Training Programme (BA) in Special Education. The aim of the training programme in Speech and Language Therapy is to prepare professionals for assessing, preventing and treating speech and language disorders. The SLT Training Programme includes three courses in Fluncy Disorders: Stuttering, Cluttering and the Treatment of Stuttering and Cluttering.
PL
To opracowanie przedstawia historię i programy nauczania na kursie dotyczącym giełkotu na Wydziale Pedagogiki Specjalnej na ELTE Uniwersytecie. Węgry maja długą tradycję w leczeniu zaburzeń mowy takich jak jąkanie i giełkot. Specjalizacja dotycząca terapii mowy i języka (licencjat) stał się ostatnio częścią programu nauczania na studiach licencjackich na Wydziale Pedagogiki Specjalnej. Celem tego programu jest przygotowanie fachowców dla oceny, zapobiegania i leczenia zaburzeń mowy i języka. Szkolenie obejmuje trzy kursy w zaburzeniach płynności mowy: jąkanie, giełkot i leczenie jąkania i giełkotu.
PL
Celem pracy była ocena wiedzy kobiet mieszkających na terenach wiejskich na temat profilaktyki, czynników ryzyka, objawów klinicznych oraz badań przesiewowych w raku piersi, w zależności od wieku i wykształcenia. Materiał i metody: Badanie przeprowadzono w grupie 80 kobiet, zamieszkałych na wsi w województwie małopolskim. W badaniu wykorzystywano autorskie kwestionariusze ankietowe. Wyniki: Nie wykazano istotnych statystycznie różnic pomiędzy wiekiem i wykształceniem a znajomością czynników ryzyka, objawów klinicznych i badań przesiewowych w raku piersi. 93,75% respondentek zaznaczyło czynniki genetyczne jako czynnik ryzyka. 86,25% kobiet uważa, że obecność twardych, bezbolesnych guzków stanowi objaw raka piersi. 90% kobiet wskazało mammografię jako podstawowe badanie przesiewowe. Zaobserwowano istotną statystycznie różnicę dotyczącą znajomości badania mammograficznego (p=0,004) oraz wieku rozpoczęcia wykonywania badania przesiewowego w grupach wiekowych (p=0,008). Kobiety powyżej 50. roku życia zdecydowanie częściej zaznaczały właściwe odpowiedzi. Kobiety z wyższym wykształceniem prezentują większą wiedzę w zakresie samobadania piersi (p=0,058). 78,75% kobiet wskazało jako źródło wiedzy na temat raka piersi media, a 27% ankietowanych wiedzę uzyskaną od lekarzy. Wnioski: Znajomość czynników ryzyka zachorowania na raka piersi oraz wiedzy na temat profilaktyki jest niewystarczająca. Największe znaczenie w propagowaniu wiedzy na temat raka piersi według badanych kobiet mają media.
EN
The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge on prevention, risk factors, symptoms and screening for breast cancer among women living in rural areas, depending on their age and education. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in a group of 80 women living in rural areas of the Małopolska province and was based on the original questionnaire survey. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between age and education, and knowledge of risk factors, clinical symptoms and screening for breast cancer. 93.75% of the respondents indicated genetic factors as a risk factor. 86.25% of the women believe that the presence of hard, painless nodules is a symptom of breast cancer. 90% of the women indicated mammography as the primary screening test. There was a statistically significant difference in the knowledge of mammography (p = 0.004) and the age of commencement of this form of screening in the age groups (p = 0.008). The women over the age of 50 indicated much more appropriate response. The women with higher education represent greater knowledge on breast self-examination (p = 0.058). 78.75% of women identified media as the major source of information about breast cancer and 27% of respondents indicated doctors as their source of medical knowledge. Conclusions: Knowledge of risk factors for breast cancer and knowledge of prevention is insufficient. The mass media are seen as the main source of information about breast cancer.
EN
Gaming is an activity enjoyed by adolescents, but it can be associated with the risk of developing Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD). The aim of the study was to determine what profiles can be distinguished among adolescents from two Polish voivodeships based on the presence of the nine IGD symptoms. The study included 623 students (57.9% boys) from elementary schools (years V–VII) and junior high schools (years II and III) who declared that they played video games. To measure IGD, The Internet Gaming Disorder Scale 9 – Short Form (IGDS9-SF) was used; the other variables in the study were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire. A latent profile analysis of all IGD symptoms distinguished four profiles, defined as Problem-Free Players, Experiencing Withdrawal Symptoms and Escaping, Experiencing Negative Consequences and Escaping, and Preoccupied and Escaping. A symptom regarding escape from negative emotions was revealed in each group. Significant differences between the profiles were noted for parental control of gaming time and gender, but not for developmental stage. Time spent gaming primarily differentiated the profile of Problem-Free Players from the other groups. Further analysis of the prevalence of IGD symptoms among young players is necessary to better understand the phenomenon in this population.
PL
Granie w gry jest aktywnością chętnie podejmowaną przez młodzież, jednak może się wiązać z ryzykiem wystąpienia zaburzenia korzystania z gier internetowych (ang. Internet Gaming Disorder – IGD). Celem badania było ustalenie, jakie profile można wyodrębnić wśród nastolatków z dwóch polskich województw na podstawie występowania dziewięciu symptomów IGD. W badaniu wzięło udział 623 uczniów (57,9% chłopców) ze szkół podstawowych (klasy V–VII) i gimnazjum (klasy II i III), którzy zadeklarowali granie w gry wideo. Do pomiaru IGD wykorzystano The Internet Gaming Disorder Scale 9 – Short Form (IGDS9-SF), a pozostałe zmienne uwzględnione w badaniu pozyskano za pomocą własnej ankiety. Przeprowadzona analiza profili latentnych wszystkich symptomów IGD pozwoliła na wyodrębnienie czterech profili określonych jako: Bezproblemowi gracze, Doświadczający objawów odstawienia i uciekający, Doświadczający negatywnych konsekwencji i uciekający oraz Zaabsorbowani i uciekający. Ucieczka od negatywnych emocji była symptomem, który ujawniał się w każdej grupie. Istotne różnice między profilami odnotowano dla kontroli czasu grania przez rodziców oraz płci, natomiast nie ze względu na fazę rozwoju. Czas poświęcany na granie różnicował przede wszystkim profil bezproblemowych graczy od pozostałych grup. Dalsza analiza występowania symptomów IGD wśród młodych graczy jest niezbędna do zrozumienia specyfiki tego zjawiska we wspomnianej grupie.
EN
The possible contribution that the figure of the veterinarian provides to a progressive clarification of the knowledge inherent in the animal subject can be highlighted by an epistemological reflection which throws into relief the distinctive modes of approach and the most suitable curative procedures. At the same time a comparison between such procedures and the methods developed by different contemporary philosophicalscientific sectors, including those of the human sciences, could prove instructive in reporting the junctions and obligatory crossings of common problems.
PL
W artykule opisano charakterystykę dzieci-ofiar przemocy rówieśniczej oraz różnorodne sposoby ich wspierania. Problem bullyingu w szkołach nie jest marginalny, np. w Polsce aż 10% uczniów doświadcza systematycznego dręczenia. Każde dziecko może doświadczyć przemocy rówieśniczej, jednak pewne czynniki szczególnie narażają dziecko na przemoc – część z nich związana jest z cechami dziecka, część może wynikać ze sposobu wychowania czy sytuacji materialnej rodziny. Światowa Organizacja Zdrowia uznała przemoc rówieśniczą za jedno z największych zagrożeń dla zdrowia psychicznego dzieci i młodzieży. Do konsekwencji doświadczania przemocy należą m.in. trudności w koncentracji, obniżone poczucie własnej wartości, zaburzenia psychosomatyczne, depresje, myśli samobójcze. U 33% dzieci doświadczających dręczenia stwierdzono występowanie zespołu stresu pourazowego (PTSD). Konsekwencje dręczenia mogą objawiać się również w dorosłym życiu. Rodzice, przez kształtowanie umiejętności nawiązywania pozytywnych relacji z innymi, radzenia sobie z porażkami oraz budowanie poczucia własnej wartości i asertywności, mogą przygotowywać dziecko do konstruktywnego funkcjonowania w grupie rówieśniczej oraz radzenia sobie z agresją. Jeśli jednak dziecko doświadcza dręczenia, potrzebuje aktywnego wsparcia zarówno ze strony rodziców, jak i nauczycieli. Działania personelu szkoły prowadzone w celu przerwania przemocy oraz uzupełnione przez indywidualne i grupowe formy wsparcia dziecka w szkole i poza nią (np. udział w zajęciach grupowych, treningach asertywności, psychoterapii) zwiększają szanse rozwiązania problemu.
EN
The article focuses on the characteristic of children who are victims of peer violence and on diverse support methods. Bullying at schools is a large problem, for example in Poland about 10% of pupils suffer from systematic violence. Every child can be a target of bullying but there are certain factors which increase a likelihood of this happening for instance – some of them can be character related others are result of the particular upbringing or family financial status. The World Health Organisation has recognised bullying as one of the most serious threats to psychological wellbeing of children and young people. Among the effects o bullying are: difficulties with concentration, lower self esteem, psychosomatic disorder, depression, suicidal thoughts. The signs of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be seen in roughly 33 per cent of bullied children. Some negative effects can also manifest in adulthood. Through creating positive social patterns, building self esteem, teaching assertiveness as well as managing failures, parents can better prepare the children to function in peer groups and cope with aggression. But if the child suffers from bullying – the immediate, active support from parents and teachers is necessary. The school’s action aimed at putting a stop to violence supported by individual and group method of helping children both at school and outside (e.g. support group, assertiveness trainings, psychotherapy) increase the chances of positive outcomes.
Forum Pedagogiczne
|
2018
|
vol. 8
|
issue 1
229-249
EN
The aim of the article is to present a multi-faceted phenomenon of shopaholism as one of the leading behavioral addictions in modern times.The text addresses the issues of definition and typological behavioral addictions. Different definitions of the phenomenon of shopaholism are presented. The scale of this phenomenon is determined in chosen developed countries in the world and in Poland. It analyzes the causes and symptoms of shopaholism as a dangerous mental disorder, as well as the stages of its development. The characteristics of victims of compulsive buying, as well as methods of diagnosis of shopaholics are described. The effects of the phenomenon are analyzed in different spheres. The ways of social support of disturbed persons, their treatment and therapy are analyzed.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie zjawiska zakupoholizmu w aspekcie interdyscyplinarnym, jako jednego z wiodących uzależnień behawioralnych we współczesnych czasach. W tekście podejmowane są zagadnienia definicyjne i typologiczne uzależnień od czynności. Zaprezentowane zostały różne definicje fenomenu zakupoholizmu, ukazuje się skala tego zjawiska w wybranych rozwiniętych krajach świata i w Polsce. Omawiane są przyczyny i objawy oniomanii jako niebezpiecznego zaburzenia psychicznego, a także fazy jego rozwoju. Charakteryzuje się ofiary nałogowego kupowania, sposoby diagnostyki zakupoholimu, skutki zjawiska w różnych sferach, a także sposoby wsparcia społecznego osób zaburzonych, ich leczenia i terapii.
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