Search results - CEJSH

1

Belebtheitseffekte und Subjekterstpräferenz beim Lesen der topikalisierten und gescrambelten V2-Sätze durch polnische Lerner des Deutschen

100%

Sękowska J.

Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature

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2010

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issue 34

130-142

EN

The article considers whether the L2-learners use the analogical mechanisms for transforming the syntax as the native users of the language in question. In the questionnaire survey the stability of the preference to interpret the first nominal phrase observed in transforming L1 to be the subject of a sentence, and its influence on non-structural factors, such as animacy have been analysed. It has been shown that L2-learners, similar to the native users of the language in question, prefer the subject-object word order, and that the general preference should not be covered by the semantic information.

2

Adjectives in Hypotaxis: Proposed Dimensions for a Description of Syntagms in Modern Written Arabic

100%

Michalski M.

|

2009

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vol. 51

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issue 1

39-56

EN

The purpose of this paper is to propose dimensions enabling a systematic description of biconstituent hypotactic adjectival syntagms in Modern Written Arabic. A dimension is conceived of as a set of homegeneous properties characterizing syntagms. A biconstituent hypotactic adjectival syntagm is a complex lingual sign constituted by two words that are bound by the relation of qualification; "adjectival" means that at least one of these words is an adjective. Adjectives are identified as a separate part of speech on the grounds of their attributive capability and concord with the qualified substantive.Nine dimensions are proposed that make it possible to characterize syntagms with regard to properties of their adjectival constituent, morphological indicators of qualification, linear properties, syntactic function of their constituents and reducibility of a syntagm to its qualificatum. The dimensions and properties they contain can be used for conducting a characterization of any biconstituent hypotactic adjectival syntagm, i.e. determining a set of nine properties it shows with regard to all nine dimensions.

3

Contributos para uma análise sintática dos objetos cognatos em PE

87%

Morgado Choupina C.

Studia Romanica Posnaniensia

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2013

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vol. 40

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issue 1

59-79

EN

The present paper aims at discussing selected syntactic aspects of cognate objects in European Portuguese, along the lines of Distributed Morphology (Haugen, 2009). Cognate objects may be readily discovered in numerous human languages, including European Portuguese (Chovia uma chuva miudinha). It is assumed in papers devoted to their English counterparts that they belong to various subclasses. Indeed, some of them are genuine cognates (to sleep a sleep...) or hyponyms (to dance a jig; Hale & Keyser, 2002). It turns out that in European Portuguese, they can be split into four different categories: (i) genuine cognate objects (chorar um choro...), (ii) similar cognate objects (dançar uma dança) (iii) objects hyponyms (dançar um tango) and (iv) prepositional cognate objects (morrer de uma morte ...). There are, then, significant differences between various classes of cognate objects: whereas the genuine ones call imperatively for a restrictive modifier and a definite article, the remaining ones admit it only optionally. It might be concluded, then, that a lexicalist theory set up along the lines of Hale and Keyser is unable to deal successfully with distributional facts proper to various classes of cognate constructions in European Portuguese. That is why the present study is conducted more in accordance with syntactic principles of Distributed Morphology, with a strong impact of hypotheses put forward by Haugen (2009).

4

Vzájemné ovlivňování prozódie a syntaxe v překryvech replik

80%

Havlík M., Zaepernicková E.

Naše řeč (Our Speech)

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2016

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vol. 99

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issue 1

33-44

EN

This article presents findings from a study of overlaps in informal conversations between friends. The interaction of prosody and syntax in overlaps is analysed. The findings suggest that although interactants orient themselves to syntactically complete sentences, the relationship between syntax and prosody is rather negligible. Prosody used in overlaps is influenced mostly by the sequential organization of conversation. In many cases, overlaps are not perceived as problematic and as such do not need resolving. Specific prosodic features are applied especially when (i) interactants aim to take over a turn or (ii) when they believe they have the right to speak.

5

Romana Laskowskiego koncepcja opisu kategorii rodzaju w języku polskim

80%

Bobrowski I.

LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa

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2015

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issue Numer Specjalny

27-35

EN

Probably the most elaborate intellectual construct in Roman Laskowski’s morphology is his schematic presentation of the bridgeheads linking grammatical gender in Polish nouns to verbs, adjectives, and numerals. Although it occupies just two pages of print, to complete this study Laskowski had to analyze thousands of syntactic diagnostic contexts. The present paper tries to recall and comment on Laskowski’s original concept of grammatical gender in Polish.

6

Slawistyka polska w minionym sześćdziesięcioleciu. Synchroniczne prace językoznawcze z zakresu morfologii i składni

80%

Korytkowska M.

Rocznik Slawistyczny

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2013

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vol. 62

39-54

EN

This article presents a concise overview of the achievements of synchronic research in the field Slavic linguistics carried out in Poland. Due to an enormous range of research topics, the author had to narrow her attention to selected grammatical phenomena, namely morphology (excluding word formation) and syntax, as well as to limit the scope of the analysis to books and monographs, to the exclusion of publications of a different nature. On the basis of selected subfields in linguistics, the author describes some general trends and tendencies concerning both the choice of a theoretical framework as well as the subject matter. She distinguishes among three periods for which she seeks to determine the dominant features. The analysis shows that during the last 60 years, and especially since the 1970s, Slavic linguistics has seen a steady growth and a search for new solutions in the field of grammar research. The growth is accompanied by an ever-increasing potential for contact with the trends occurring in global linguistics. However, one should not underestimate the achievements of Polish theoretical linguists, slavicists and specialists in Polish Studies, whose research findings encompass a detailed description of a wide range of linguistic issues and cover considerable language data.

7

Perswazja w prozie Jana Kochanowskiego

80%

Data K.

Język a Kultura

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2017

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vol. 27

43 - 51

EN

In this article we will review persuasive language devices used in Jan Kochanowski’s prose texts that vary in terms of text genres, forms, length and purpose of expression. All the discussed works of the poet belong to different text genres, such as: social and political journalism, moralist treatise, historical treatise, funeral speech, short witty anecdotes and stories. The text analysis proves that there are often conjunctions at the beginning of many sentences. These words not only link sentence components or complex sentences but they also determine the cohesion of larger units than sentences and mark a referential function. Kochanowski often incorporates parentheses, citing and rhetorical questions. As a result, a persuasive function is achieved due to the choice of an utterance form and a text genre, appropriate selection of stylistic devices enhancing persuasion and text construction forms and, last but not least, adequate lexical diversity. In his style Kochanowski followed the rules of rhetoric characteristic of the 16th century. The low/plain style had a didactic purpose, the middle style was chosen to praise or to reprimand others and the high/grand style was limited to texts referring to matters of great importance.

8

Information Structure Projects in Syntax: Evidence from Focus and Modality in Sinhala

80%

Ananda M. G. L.

Crossroads. A Journal of English Studies

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2018

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vol. 21

EN

The major claim of this paper is that information structure related particles of Sinhala are distinct functional heads and they project in syntax. This is in line with the cartographic approach to syntax which claims that discourse related features are visible for computation (Rizzi 1997, 2004), a claim also supported by Miyagawa, (2010), and Aboh (2010), among others. The present paper seeks to validate the above claim with evidence from Sinhala, motivating the argument that discourse related features lexicalized in Sinhala drive the derivation, and these features are comparable to formal features in establishing an Agree relation.

9

Deutsche Approximatoren und ihre Wiedergabe im Polnischen

80%

Poźlewicz A.

Studia Linguistica

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2012

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issue 31

59-67

EN

German particles defined as focus-sensitive operators (Operatorpartikeln) cannot function separately as a response to constituent or polarity questions or as the head of the phrase. As a rule, they do not occur alone in sentence-initial position preceding the finite verb, i.e. in the ‘forefield’ of German declarative sentences. Their distinctive feature is their reference to a specific sentence constituent. Furthermore, they may interact with the focus structure. The paper deals with one of the subclasses of German particle-operators, i.e. particles such as etwa (‘approximately’), nahezu (‘almost’) and wenigstens (‘at least’), which define the value they operate on as an approximate one. The aim is to investigate their syntactic, semantic and pragmatic properties as well as the morphological, syntactic and semantic typology of their relevant operands. The resulting characteristics of approximating particles eventually allow to juxtapose them with their Polish counterparts.

10

Natural Syntax of English: transitivity

80%

Orešnik J.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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2012

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vol. 48

315-336

EN

The framework of this paper is Natural Syntax initiated by the author in the tradition of (morphological) naturalness as established by Wolfgang U. Dressler and Willi Mayerthaler. Natural Syntax is a pseudodeductive linguistic theory, and this is its most recent version. The naturalness judgements are couched in naturalness scales, which follow from the basic parameters (or "axioms") listed at the beginning of the paper. The predictions of the theory are calculated in what are known as deductions, the chief components of each being a pair of naturalness scales and the rules governing the alignment of corresponding naturalness values. Parallel and chiastic alignment is distinguished and related to Henning Andersen's early work on markedness. The basic idea is to illustrate how a (pseudo)deductive theory of syntax performs if it insists on avoiding abstract solutions, and in particular on excluding any generative component. Natural Syntax is exemplified here with selected English cases of transitivity. Special attention is given to relative-frequency phenomena.

11

The syntax of Subject Control across an object: on the limitations of the silent PP hypothesis

80%

Witkoś J.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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2012

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vol. 48

519-536

EN

This brief paper constitutes a critical evaluation of the silent PP-hypothesis of Hornstein and Polinsky (2010), a key element in their accounting for the bleeding of the Minimal Link Condition in a movement-based account of Subject Control across an object. It appears that while their evidence for the presence of the silent PP in constructions with the verb promise in English is well motivated, such an assumption cannot be adopted for Polish, a language where the indirect object of subject control verbs and control shift verbs is not found within a PP and can even appear in a structural case (Accusative). Thus from the perspective of comparative studies the inadequacy of the silent PP-hypothesis is a considerable problem for the movement-based approach to control. Yet, as a brief survey of other current solutions to the MLC problem with promise shows, no alternative proposal is free from serious limitations of its own.

12

Natural Syntax: The English indefinite article

80%

Orešnik J.

Studia Anglica Posnaniensia

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2011

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vol. 46

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issue 4

41-71

EN

The framework of this paper is Natural Syntax initiated by the author in the tradition of (morphological) naturalness as established by Wolfgang U. Dressler and †Willi Mayerthaler.Natural Syntax is a developing deductive theory. The naturalness judgements are couched in naturalness scales, which follow from the basic parameters (or "axioms") listed at the beginning of the paper. The predictions of the theory are calculated in what are known as deductions, the chief components of each being a pair of naturalness scales and the rules governing the alignment of corresponding naturalness values.Natural Syntax is here exemplified with selected language data bearing on the use of the English indefinite article.Some recent work related to Natural Syntax: Orešnik 2007a-e; 2008a-c; 2009a, b; 2009 (with Varja Cvetko-Orešnik). (Only work published in English is mentioned).

13

Transitivity in Natural Syntax: Accusative Languages

80%

Orešnik J.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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2009

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vol. 45

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issue 3

405-446

EN

The framework of this paper is Natural Syntax initiated by the author in the tradition of (morphological) naturalness as established by †Willi Mayerthaler and Wolfgang U. Dressler.Natural Syntax is a developing deductive theory. The naturalness judgements are couched in naturalness scales, which follow from the basic parameters (or "axioms") listed at the beginning of the paper. The predictions of the theory are calculated in what are known as deductions, the chief components of each being a pair of naturalness scales and the rules governing the alignment of corresponding naturalness values.Natural Syntax is exemplified here with language data (all taken from Hopper & Thompson 1980) bearing on transitivity phenomena in accusative languages.

14

Grammatical and Semantic Acceptability of Utterance Texts of Patients Diagnosed with Paranoid Schizophrenia. A Research Report

80%

Obrębska M.

Psychology of Language and Communication

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2013

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vol. 17

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issue 1

79-92

EN

The present study compared utterance texts of healthy individuals and individuals suffering from paranoid schizophrenia, by using a purpose-built Grammatico-Semantic Acceptability Quotient which examined the degree of linguistic acceptability of analyzed sentences. The study involved 130 hospitalized psychiatric patients diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and 130 healthy individuals. The study yielded the biggest so far corpus of marked utterance texts of schizophrenic patients in the Polish language. A total of 11,414 sentences were isolated, 7,180 of which were produced by individuals suffering from schizophrenia. The level of their acceptability was found to be considerably lower, especially in the case of sentences produced by patients with positive type schizophrenia.

15

Składniowy model synchronicznego opisu słowotwórstwa – podstawy i zastosowanie

80%

Maldjieva V.

Slavia Meridionalis

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2013

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vol. 13

EN

A syntactical model of synchronic word formation description – basics and appliedThis article attempts to briefly present the basic postulates, their implications and the resulting opportunities for an approach to word formation, which is defined here as syntactic. It has been already tested in a confrontative description of Polish and Bulgarian word formation (Cf. V. Maldjieva, Słowotwórstwo. Gramatyka konfrontatywna bułgarsko polska, Vol. IX, Warszawa, 2009).The basic postulate is assumed to be the presence of a structural isomorphism between the language units sentence and lexeme, i.e. the same combinatorial rules license both the combinations of lexemes within the sentence and the combinations of morphemes within the lexeme. Another postulate, that is basic for the research, is the relative autonomy of the semantic and syntactic structures of the language units. In regard to word formation it means that, in this case semantic and formal derivatives should be distinguished in analogy to the sentence syntax, that distinguishes the concept structure (sentence) and formal structure (sentential expression).Składniowy model synchronicznego opisu słowotwórstwa – podstawy i zastosowanieArtykuł stanowi próbę zwięzłego przedstawienia podstawowych założeń i ich implikacji oraz wynikających z nich możliwości zastosowania podejścia do słowotwórstwa, które określa się w tym miejscu jako składniowe. Cząstkowe propozycje, interpretacje szczegółowych zjawisk językowych oraz sugestii, których uporządkowanie i rozwinięcie legły u podstaw tego podejścia, zawarte są w różnych pracach prof. Stanisława Karolaka [por. Karolak 2001a, b, c; 2002]. Próbę konsekwentnego zastosowania składniowego modelu do interpretacji zjawisk z zakresu słowotwórstwa w języku polskim i bułgarskim podjęto zaś w opracowaniu konfrontacji słowotwórczej tych języków [Maldjieva 2009], do którego będę się w głównej mierze odwoływać w niniejszej pracy.

16

О информативном потенцијалу просте реченице

80%

Ивић [Ivić] М. M.

Slavia Meridionalis

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2010

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vol. 10

EN

On the informational capacity of a non‑complex sentence structureThis study aims to complement the theoretical and descriptive literature on the problem concerning the amount of information that can be packeged within a single non‑complex sentence structure. The author points to various circumstances which provoque the rising of its informational capacity.

17

Semantyka staropolskich terminów bartniczych – na przykładzie (po)łazić pszczoły/miód – w ujęciu kognitywnym

80%

Pałka P., Kwaśnicka-Janowicz A.

Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej

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2019

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vol. 54

EN

Semantics of Old Polish Beekeeping Terms: The Case of (po)łazić pszczoły/miód ‘Take Honey from the Bees’ in a Cognitive PerspectiveThis article aims to explain the process of terminologisation of the verb (po)łazić in beekeeping terminology. We present its stages and hypotheses concerning the semantics of the Old Polish term under consideration, including possible event schemas and its non-prepositional syntax. The analysis indicates that the terminologisation of word combinations with the verb (po)łazić in beekeeping terminology: (po)łazić pszczoły/miód ‘take honey from the bees’ involved the process of shifting the semantic dominant and, consequently, changing the event schema (“self-motion schema” → “caused motion schema” or “transfer”). On the level of syntactic analysis, we put forward a hypothesis about the possible origin of the non-prepositional structure generated as a result of transformation of the prepositional phrase: łazić po pszczoły/miód → połazić pszczoły/miód with a general meaning ‘perform the action directed at the singled-out object that changes its location as a result’.Semantyka staropolskich terminów bartniczych – na przykładzie (po)łazić pszczoły/miód – w ujęciu kognitywnym Celem pracy jest wyjaśnienie zjawiska terminologizacji czasownika (po)łazić w użyciu bartniczym – przedstawienie jej etapów oraz hipotez dotyczących semantyki badanego terminu staropolskiego, w tym realizowanych możliwych schematów zdarzeń, oraz jego bezprzyimkowej składni. Analiza pokazuje, że proces terminologizacji badanych połączeń wyrazowych: (po)łazić pszczoły/barć/miód polegał na przesuwaniu się dominanty znaczeniowej, a w konsekwencji zmiany schematu zdarzenia (samoprzemieszczanie → powodowanie ruchu lub przekazywanie). Z kolei w analizie składniowej badanego terminu postawiona została hipoteza o możliwym pochodzeniu konstrukcji bezprzyimkowej z przekształcenia formacji z wyrażeniem przyimkowym: łazić po pszczoły/ miód → połazić pszczoły/miód o znaczeniu ogólnym ‘wykonać daną czynność ukierunkowaną na wyróżniony obiekt, który w wyniku tej czynności zmienia swoją lokalizację’.

18

Wpływy składniowe gwar kaszubskich na lokalną mówioną polszczyznę

80%

Makurat H.

Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej

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2015

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vol. 50

EN

Syntactic influences of Kashubian dialects on local Polish speechThis article is the result of field research conducted in the Kashubian language area. The analysis of the Polish texts acquired during the research showed that on the syntactic plane there is an interference of the Kashubian dialects in the Polish language. As a result of the Kashubian dialects’ impact on spoken Polish, the following phenomena were revealed in the informants’ statements: changes in verb government, the use of prepositions characteristic of Kashubian, and the influence of Kashubian-specificuse of conjunction indicators. However, it is uncertain whether the use of genetivus partitivus, the frequent repetition of the subject, and the frequent use of the attributive expressed by an indicating pronoun, can be considered as interferences of Kashubian dialects in the Polish language because these features are also characteristic of everyday Polish. Wpływy składniowe gwar kaszubskich na lokalną mówioną polszczyznęNiniejszy artykuł jest wynikiem badań terenowych przeprowadzonych na kaszubskim obszarze językowym. Analiza uzyskanych w wyniku badań tekstów polskojęzycznych wykazała interferencje gwar kaszubskich w polszczyźnie na płaszczyźnie składniowej. W wyniku wpływu gwar kaszubskich na mówiony język polski w wypowiedziach informatorów odnotowano zmiany w zakresie rekcji czasownika, wpływy w zakresie właściwego kaszubszczyźnie użycia przyimków oraz wpływy w zakresie użycia wskaźników zespolenia. Niepewne jest natomiast, czy za interferencje gwar kaszubskich w polszczyźnie można uznać użycie dopełniacza cząstkowego, częste powtarzanie podmiotu i częste użycie przydawki wyrażonej zaimkiem wskazującym, właściwości te charakterystyczne są bowiem również dla potocznej polszczyzny.

19

GRAMMATICAL ISSUES IN JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION – DOES LEGAL PRACTICE NEEDS LINGUISTIC THEORY? BASED ON POLISH COURTS’ DECISIONS

80%

ZEIFERT M.

Comparative Legilinguistics

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2018

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vol. 34

33-51

PL

Większość problemów w interpretacji prawa tyczy się znaczenia słów zawartych w przepisach. W niniejszym tekście chciałbym poruszyć jednak problemy, które są powodowane przez gramatykę przepisów. Można wyróżnić pięć głównych źródeł tego rodzaju problemów: budowa składniowa zdania (np. szyk wyrazów), spójniki (np. i, lub), interpunkcja (np. przecinek, średnik, myślnik), deklinacyjne kategorie gramatyczne wyrazów (np. liczba, rodzaj), koniugacyjne kategorie gramatyczne wyrazów (np. aspekt, czas, tryb). Tradycyjne polskie dyrektywy wykładni nie oferują niemal żadnych wskazówek co do radzenia sobie z tego typu problemami. Co najwyżej można spotkać się z banalnym zaleceniem, by przepisy prawa interpretować zgodnie z regułami gramatyki języka polskiego. W praktyce tego typu sprawy są rozstrzygane w sposób wysoce niekonsekwentny. Sądy często dostrzegają sprzeczność pomiędzy formą gramatyczną przepisu, a jego celem, funkcją czy innymi pozajęzykowymi wartościami. W moim przekonaniu wynika to w dużej mierze z faktu, iż wizja gramatyki, jaką dysponują jest bardzo ograniczona – wywodzi się raczej z programu szkoły podstawowej niż ze współczesnych teorii lingwistycznych.

EN

Most interpretational problems in law pertain to the meaning of words. However, in this paper I address problems caused in Polish courts by grammar (namely: syntax and inflexion) of legal provisions. One can distinguish five main sources of grammatical issues in judicial interpretation of law: syntax of a sentence (i.e. order of words), conjunctive words (i.e. i, lub), punctuation marks (i.e. comma, semicolon, dash), nominal grammatical categories (i.e. number, gender), verbal grammatical categories (i. e. aspect, tense, mood). Traditional Polish canons of interpretation offer no clues on how to deal with such issues, stating only that statutes should be construed in accordance with the rules of grammar. In fact, cases in which such interpretational issues occur, are decided in a highly incoherent manner. The courts tend to feel a tension between grammatical form of a provision and its purpose, function, or other extra-linguistic values. I think the main reason of such controversy is a very limited vision of grammar shared by the courts, stemmed from primary school rather than contemporary linguistic theories.

20

Z tygodnia na tydzień, z powieści na powieść, z meczu na mecz jako przykłady nieswobodnych grup syntaktycznych

80%

Gębka-Wolak M., Moroz A.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza

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2014

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vol. 21

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issue 2

9-24

PL

The article has verified a hypothesis suggesting that the sequences mentioned in the title and similar to them are constrained syntactic groups, i.e., they do not form a regular combination of simple signs. The verification has been conducted on the basis of a three-stage procedure taking into account the semantic features and inner qualities of the studied expressions, namely, their composition as well as the structural and linear links between segments. It has been indicated that the components of the studied sequences jointly express meaning which can be considered as a form of perlocution: ‘something changes within fragments of time undergoing observation whose measure is determined by a variable component’. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that the two components of a sequence that can be exchanged can be realized not only by standard measures of time (second, minute, hour, week), but also by nouns referring to events (match, meeting, term). Also, there is a presentation of the basic limitations in the realization of a variable component and a mutual linear arrangement of variable and constant components. A characteristic of the expressions of the type from week to week, from novel to novel, from match to match is supplemented by the remarks concerning their external syntax.

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