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1

The tax-free amount as an instrument for implementing the tax fairness principle

100%

Pomorska A.

Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne studia nad prawem

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2018

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vol. 10

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issue 1

193-215

EN

This paper is devoted to analysis and evaluation of recent changes that have taken place in the structure of Polish personal income tax, with particular emphasis on tax-free amount. The main effect of these changes is the increase of the tax-free minimum in comparison to the level of subsistence minimum as well as the statutory obligation of the Minister of Finance to verify both these volumes. The authoress positively assesses the introduced changes, noting that they should be treated as an introduction to the discussion on a new model of taxation of natural persons in Poland.

2

Podatek dochodowy w kontekście rodziny

100%

Mazurek E.

Śląski Przegląd Statystyczny

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2016

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issue 14 (20)

75-88

EN

The demographic problem, which consists not only in unfavourable changes in the population structure in terms of age, but also in the declining fertility rate, currently affects numerous countries, including Poland. As has been observed since 1992, the fertility rate in Poland has not guaranteed the simple replacement of generations. In the context of demographic threats it is crucial to implement the appropriate pro-family policy. Financial issues are pointed out as one of the main reasons for a low or negative population growth rate. The paper focuses on the analysis of the tax system in the context of helping families. The main purpose of the article is an overview of pro-family solutions-oriented income tax and the assessment of the fairness of the Polish income-tax system between groups of taxpayers extracted due to the family type. In comparisons between the different types of families drew attention to the aspect of the fairness, as well as the validity of the application of the equivalence scale.

3

Typology of taxpayers and tax policy

88%

Niesiobedzka M.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2014

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vol. 45

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issue 3

372-379

EN

The issue how to reduce of tax evasion is widely discussed in the literature. A public authority may affect the behavior of taxpayers, not only through economic factors, but also by strengthen fiscal discipline. In this process especially role play such issues as tax morale, tax mentality and perceived tax justice. The purpose of the study was to identify groups of taxpayers with similar attitudes towards taxes and similar tax behaviors. Cluster analysis elicited four types of tax payers: Intrinsic Tax Payer, External Tax Payer, Intrinsic Tax Evader, External Tax Evader. In the study the most common were the first two types of taxpayers. Elicited types correspond with motivational tax postures identified by Braithwaite(2001, 2003) and Torgler (2003). The conclusions sum up the key issues discussed, policy implications and the limitation of the analysis.

4

Konsekwencje zmian ulgi prorodzinnej w polskim systemie podatkowym

88%

Mazurek E.

Śląski Przegląd Statystyczny

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2015

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issue 13 (19)

161-175

EN

Since 2007 a child tax credit, used by almost 17% of taxpayers, has been in effect in the Polish tax system. It is one of the applicable tax reliefs with the greatest financial impact. It unquestionably represents a considerable aid to families with several children, which is of great importance taking account of the demographic problem faced by Poland. Starting from 2012 the child tax credit has been successively modified. The main purpose of the article is the statistical analysis of the consequences of changes intro-duced to the child tax credit such as the state budget revenue from personal income tax and the progressivity of the tax system, the level of income redistribution, and the tax fairness.

5

Zwolnienia i ulgi w podatku dochodowym od osób fizycznych a zasada sprawiedliwości podatkowej

75%

Mariański A.

Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny

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2021

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vol. 83

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issue 1

7-20

EN

The tax legislator has a great deal of freedom when shaping the structural elements of taxes, in particular the introduction of tax rebates and exemptions. The catalogue of such breaks and exemptions on personal income tax is very wide and the reasons for their establishment are very diverse. One of the reasons is the need to exclude from taxation revenues that fall within the broadly defined tax base, and do not constitute a financial asset for the taxpayer. Others have the task of correcting the tax base to ensure taxation in accordance with the criterion of the ability to pay rule. They can also have a stimulating or even redistributive character. It is therefore necessary to consider the reasons for introducing such an extensive catalogue of tax exemptions and rebates in personal income tax. It is particularly important to determine whether the assumption of tax income as a determinant of the ability to pay rule can ensure fair taxation, especially without having to make adjustments through tax rebates and exemptions.

PL

Ustawodawca podatkowy ma bardzo dużą swobodę w kształtowaniu elementów konstrukcyjnych podatków, w tym zwłaszcza wprowadzania ulg i zwolnień podatkowych. W podatku dochodowym od osób fizycznych ich katalog jest bardzo szeroki. Przyczyny ich ustanawiania są bardzo zróżnicowane. Jedną z nich jest konieczność wyłączania z opodatkowania przychodów, które mieszczą się w szeroko ujętej podstawie opodatkowania, a nie stanowią przysporzenia majątkowego dla podatnika. Inne mają za zadanie korektę podstawy opodatkowania w celu zapewnienia opodatkowania według kryterium zdolności płatniczej. Mogą one także mieć charakter stymulacyjny bądź redystrybucyjny. Należy zatem zastanowić się, jakie są przyczyny wprowadzania tak rozległego katalogu zwolnień i ulg w podatku dochodowym od osób fizycznych. Szczególnie istotne jest ustalenie, czy przejęcie dochodu podatkowego jako wyznacznika zdolności płatniczej może zapewnić sprawiedliwe opodatkowanie, zwłaszcza bez konieczności dokonywania korekt poprzez ulgi i zwolnienia podatkowe.

6

Tax autonomy and non-discrimination rules in the era of conflicting political goals: international and Polish perspective

51%

Tychmańska A.

Studia Iuridica

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2018

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vol. 76

363-399

EN

The aim of this paper is to discuss non-discrimination rules concerning tax matters on the example of Polish case analysis. Author wishes to conduct research work in broader context. In this regard it is necessary to outline the current globalized world in which tax systems of states operate, discuss the concept of state’s tax autonomy and examine how the role of a state on tax matters has recently changed. Subsequently the non-discrimination rules from an international perspective shall be presented. It is also important to answer the question about the impact of those rules on state’s tax autonomy and about the role which they could play in reconciling political goals in the current globalized world. All of this contexts enables to examine non-discrimination rules from Polish perspective. Author introduces all of non-discrimination rules concerning taxation in Polish legal order, accordingly presents and studies Polish case law regarding those rules. Finally, overall conclusions of the research work are introduced which are intended to discuss the role, significance and the future of non-discrimination rules in contemporary globalized world, both from international and Polish perspective.

7

Minimalny CIT 2022 – podatek od strat i niskich dochodów

51%

Borczyk K.

Doradztwo Podatkowe Biuletyn Instytutu Studiów Podatkowych

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2022

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vol. 7(311)

25-31

EN

The subject of the paper is the newly introduced to the Polish legal and tax system mechanism of the so-called minimum tax in the scope of CIT. The paper discusses the most important aspects of such a solution, first of all, by making a detailed analysis of the way of calculating the tax base as well as of other features that constitute each tax, such as exclusions, exemptions or payment mechanisms. The paper also contains an analysis of relations between the classical CIT and its minimal version. It also evaluates the introduced changes in the context of the raised argument of tax justice and quantitative analysis of entities subject to the new form of taxation.

PL

Przedmiotem artykułu jest nowo wprowadzony do polskiego systemu prawno-podatkowego mechanizm tzw. podatku minimalnego w zakresie CIT (ang. corporate income tax, podatek dochodowy od osób prawnych). W artykule omówiono najważniejsze aspekty tego rozwiązania, przede wszystkim dokonano szczegółowej analizy sposobu obliczania podstawy opodatkowania, a także innych cech konstytuujących każdy podatek, takich jak wyłączenia, zwolnienia czy mechanizmy płatności. Praca zawiera również analizę relacji między klasycznym CIT a jego minimalną wersją. Ocenia ponadto wprowadzone zmiany w kontekście podnoszonego argumentu sprawiedliwości podatkowej oraz analizy ilościowej podmiotów podlegających nowej formie opodatkowania.

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2 Śląski Przegląd Statystyczny

1 Doradztwo Podatkowe Biuletyn Instytutu Studiów Podatkowych

1 Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne studia nad prawem

1 Polish Psychological Bulletin

1 Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny

1 Studia Iuridica

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2 Mazurek E.

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1 Mariański A.

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