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EN
The paper presents the findings of research into the professional activities of kindergarten teachers in the Czech Republic and defines characteristics of the profession of kindergarten teachers in the Czech context. In the first part of the paper, the authors illustrate the current research interest in the teaching profession in the Czech Republic and summarise recent research on teachers’ professional activities. In the second part of the paper, kindergarten teachers are introduced as a specific category of teachers in the Czech system of schooling. In the third part, a research survey is presented that aimed to identify, label and record professional activities of a kindergarten teacher in a dynamic perspective (throughout a school year). Towards the end of the paper, possible ways to make use of the research findings are implied.
EN
The present contribution deals with the teaching profession in legislative and social perspective. There are presented the brief results of pedeutology research in the introduction section. Subsequently, attention is focused on the legislative aspects of the teaching profession and there is also the emphasis on the social aspect of the teaching profession in the end of the article.
EN
This article was written on the basis of the text created by the author as part of the Polish component of the Reducing Early School Leaving in the EU project carried out within the 7th Framework Program of the European Union for the years 2013-2018. The text was prepared when the author followed a research apprenticeship program at the Faculty of Education of the University of Warsaw. The article describes the teacher’s profession over the past fifteen years, placing special emphasis on teachers’ education, teachers’ careers, rules for and structure of employment.
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EN
The purpose of the presented research was to find out which external and internal considerations and life experience motivate students for acquiring university education for the teaching profession to major in preschool teaching. Data collection was based on the method of unstructured interview on a given theme. Evaluation was based on coding. The presented factors are external factors of the “people” category. Every category is divided into sub-categories and the subcategories are further subdivided to subgroups on the basis of the nature of the incentive. Young people were mainly affected in their decision-making by their mother, her professional and private behaviour, by positive stimuli from their grandmothers, aunts and children. Fathers were not mentioned as actors in making this kind of decision. The most frequently mentioned human factor was represented by female teachers on different levels of education and from different school types. The discouraging factors included schoolmates. Children and schoolmates were newly identified considerations.
EN
Everyday life in teaching profession is both satisfaction, contentment, happiness and defeat, helplessness, impotency in the face of surrounding educational reality. However the feeling of helplessness does not need to lead a teacher to a final statement of incongruity of taking certain actions and refraining from taking steps. Maybe it also should become a special opportunity for reflection which will allow the teacher discover their own, so far unknown possibilities, re-credit optimism and willingness to strive for goals. It is the teacher’s ability to take up reflective mind as a tool of combat against helplessness which should be taken special care of in the process of academic education.
PL
Codzienność w zawodzie nauczyciela to zarówno satysfakcja, zadowolenie i radość, jak i porażka, bezsilność oraz bezradność wobec otaczającej rzeczywistości edukacyjnej. Jednak poczucie bezradności nie musi prowadzić pedagoga do ostatecznego stwierdzenia o bezsensowności podejmowania określonych działań i zaniechania czynności. Może i powinno ono także stać się szczególną okazją do refleksji, która pozwoli odkryć nauczycielowi własne, nieznane dotąd możliwości, ponownie zasili optymizm i gotowość dążenia do celu. W procesie kształcenia akademickiego należy szczególnie zadbać o zdolność nauczyciela do podejmowania refleksyjnego namysłu jako narzędzia walki z bezradnością.
EN
This paper summarizes the problematic aspects of a globalized neoliberal culture in education. Linking to the particular studies of this monothematic volume it discusses the consequences of the globalization of a testing culture in schools, the issues of developing civic literacy in the context of current education practice and the issues of forming a historic consciousness in present schools relating to the existing social discourse. Language teaching, currently dominated by the concept of language literacy or the concept of language education resulting from English language teaching seems to be significant. This paper reveals various ways in which the educational section is being contaminated by neoliberal transformations to point out their culturally devastating consequences in a critical way. The goal of this paper is to articulate the mechanism by which neoliberalism is infiltrating education in the form of discursive and physical “colonizing”.
PL
The article contains an analysis of the factors determining the choice of the field of study in the context of the implementation of professional plans related to the formation of the teacher’s sense of identity. It presents the results of qualitative research on the role of motivation to make a decision about studying pedagogy as a foundation of activities undertaken between choosing the preferred type of values and goals and taking a job that gives an opportunity to meet the needs in this area.
PL
This article focuses on the identification of causes of discontent of teachers with conditions of performance of the teaching profession within kindergartens. The aim of this study is to clarify the characteristics and specific factors causing discontent of teachers within pre-primary schools. The article provides an analysis of key terms, it synthesizes and evaluates the results of research carried out in the Slovak Republic and abroad. In the empirical part, the author focuses on the identification of causes of discontent with conditions of work in public kindergartens in Slovakia. The results of the survey are a descriptive interpretation of specific causes that hamper the effective work of the teaching staff. The end of the article proposes to implement specific practical recommendations, aimed mainly at strengthening the communication skills of teachers of pre-primary education, as well as directors of kindergartens.
Rocznik Lubuski
|
2016
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vol. 42
|
issue 2a
301-315
EN
Teaching ethics belongs among applied – professional ethics. The subject of its examination are ethical questions concerning the performance of teaching profession. One of the assumptions of professionalization of the Slovak teaching is theoretical study and praxeological suggestions for improvement of the preparatory education and support of the professional development of teaching, its professional identity, value orientation and code of ethics.
PL
Etyka nauczania jest elementem stosowanej etyki profesjonalnej. Przedmiotem analizy są kwestie etyczne pojawiające się w związku z wykonywaniem zawodu nauczyciela. Jednym z założeń towarzyszących profesjonalizacji nauczania na Słowacji jest oparcie zmian na teoretycznych podstawach i poprawie kształcenia przygotowawczego przyszłych nauczycieli. Podniesienie poziomu nauczania opiera się także na kształtowaniu tożsamości zawodowej nauczycieli, opieraniu nauczania na orientacji na wartości i kodeks etyczny.
EN
Pedagogic students or educational students are a particular social class – those who will consider teaching as a profession. Teaching is a very important career because it creates talents who are the nation’s most valuable resource. The future of education of one nation depends greatly on this team. The article made a survey on the professional value orientation (VO) of educational students at Vinh University and Hue University’s College of Education (HUCE) – the two oldest universities in the North Central region of Vietnam. Survey data were processed by mathematical statistics method, mainly calculating the percentage of responses to each item in the questionnaires, which provided the basis for judgments on the characteristics of professional value orientation of current pedagogic students at universities in North Central region of Vietnam; then, helps education institutions find appropriate ways and methods of impacting to maximize the strength of professional teachers in our country’s education.
PL
Studenci pedagogiki lub oświaty są szczególną klasą społeczną: to ci, którzy rozważają podjęcie pracy nauczyciela. Nauczanie to bardzo ważna ścieżka kariery, ponieważ stwarza talenty, które są najcenniejszym narodowym źródłem. Przyszłość edukacji każdego narodu zależy w wielkiej mierze właśnie od nich. W artykule zaprezentowano ankietę poświęconą zawodowej orientacji społecznej (value orientation, VO) studentów oświaty na Vinh University oraz Hue University’s College of Education (HUCE) – dwóch najstarszych uniwersytetach w północno-środkowym regionie Wietnamu. Dane z ankiety zostały przetworzone za pomocą metod statystycznych, głownie poprzez obliczanie procentowego poziomu odpowiedzi na każde pytanie ankiety, co dostarczyło podstaw do wyciągnięcia wniosków na temat charakterystyki zawodowej orientacji społecznej dzisiejszych studentów pedagogiki na uniwersytetach północno-środkowego regionu Wietnamu. Pomaga to także instytucjom edukacyjnym znaleźć właściwe kierunki i metody oddziaływania w celu zmaksymalizowania siły zawodowych nauczycieli w naszej krajowej edukacji.
PL
Zagadnienie etosu nauczycielskiego jest nadal bardzo ważną kwestią niemogącą zejść na dalszy plan procesu kształcenia i wychowania. Nawet jeśli pojęcie etosu słyszane jest coraz rzadziej i kojarzy się raczej z dawną literaturą piękną, nie oznacza to, że etos nie istnieje. Sam termin bywa zastępowany innymi określeniami, ale znajduje swoje miejsce w literaturze i praktyce edukacyjnej tak, jak bezdyskusyjna i niezmiennie obecna jest wychowawcza rola szkoły.
EN
The problem of teachers’ ethos is still a very important issue which is not likely to go down into the background of the process of education and upbringing. Even if the concept of ethos is heard less and is associated rather with the belles-lettres, it does not mean it does not exist. The term itself is sometimes replaced by other terms, but it finds its place in literature and educational practice as indisputable and invariably present educational role of the school.
PL
Zawód nauczyciela spostrzegany jest jako obarczony wysokim ryzykiem stresu i wypalenia zawodowego. Rzadko jednak pełnienie tej roli zawodowej analizowane jest przez pryzmat dobrostanu. Zarówno stres, jak i dobrostan psychologiczny nauczyciela mogą być istotnie powiązane z wypaleniem zawodowym, satysfakcją z wykonywania zawodu i osiągnięciami zawodowymi. W złożonej naturze tego zjawiska można poszukiwać czynników, które wzmacniają pozytywne aspekty funkcjonowania w roli zawodowej. Celem artykułu jest próba opisu teoretycznych aspektów zjawiska dobrostanu nauczyciela, jego wyznaczników oraz dostępnych narzędzi jego pomiaru. Podkreślano także działania profilaktyczne w zakresie wspierania dobrostanu psychicznego nauczycieli.
EN
Teaching is considered a highly stressful career and teacher wellbeing plays an important role in both teacher burnout and teacher satisfaction and achievement. The nature of teacher wellbeing is complex and is largely theoretical, but there are some universal factors that may contribute to the psychological functioning of teachers. The aim of the presented article is to discuss the theoretical foundations of wellbeing issues associated with the teaching profession, including risk and protective factors, and to present the measurement tools available. The article also highlights preventive activities, which can be carried out to support the wellbeing of people working in the teaching profession.
EN
The article discusses how radical socio-political and educational change, new economic realities in Poland after 1989, as well as wider cultural and civilization change in the modern world influence professional awareness, the system of values and attitudes of teachers towards the new tasks of the school. The reflections and analyses develop around the question, or a sort of thesis: whether – in the process of the necessary modernisation of the teaching profession, its adaptation to the pragmatic requirements of (post)modernity, globalisation, neo-liberal economy, digital civilisation, and the learning society – it is advisable to get rid of the noble, romantic tradition, the social worker’s ethos, socio-cultural references and identification. The article uses the results of the author’s qualitative research on autobiographies and memoirs of generations of Polish teachers from the times of transformation in the years 1989–2004, as well as other studies on the socio-cultural professional condition of contemporary teachers in the era of cultural change. Special attention is given to Dr Anna Radziwiłł’s way of thinking about the teaching profession and its new democratic challenges. In her article with the telling title “On the teacher’s ethos”, which appeared in “Znak” in 1991, Anna Radziwiłł saw the teacher as someone who shows and hands down values and traditions functioning in a given community. She wrote that “someone described the role of the teacher as a ‘humble mission’”.
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PL
Artykuł odsłania realia dotyczące zawodu nauczyciela i warunków pracy nauczycieli w Polsce oraz odnosi się do przyszłości zawodu nauczyciela. W artykule przyjęto, że edukacja, w tym edukacja nauczyciela, to jedno z ważniejszych dóbr i jednym z najważniejszych zadań państwa, stąd powinno się ją traktować priorytetowo. W funkcjonowaniu i efektywności systemu edukacji przypisano strategiczną rolę nauczycielowi. Odgrywanie tej roli – jak pokazano – powinno być wspierane przez działania państwa służące kształtowaniu przyszłości zawodu nauczyciela. U podstaw tych działań leżą strategie pozwalające na podnoszenie atrakcyjności zawodu nauczyciela i społecznego uznania ważności pracy nauczycieli oraz wzmacnianiu pozycji nauczycieli. W artykule postawiono tezę mówiącą o tym, iż umocnienie pozycji społeczno-zawodowej nauczyciela jest nieodzowne w działaniach na rzecz podniesienia jakości edukacji. W wielu krajach, w tym także w Polsce, należy bardziej inwestować w rozwój nauczycieli i konkurencyjne warunki ich zatrudniania oraz ich pracy. Dążenie do wzmocnienia zawodu powinno stać się priorytetem zarówno w działaniach władz państwowych, lokalnych, jak i pracach uczelni kształcących nauczycieli.
EN
The paper critically examines the reality of the teaching profession and teachers’ working conditions in Poland and refers to the future of the teaching profession. The paper assumed that education, including teacher education, is one of the most important assets and one of the crucial tasks of the state, hence it should be given priority. The teacher has been assigned a strategic role in the functioning and effectiveness of the education system. As demonstrated, playing this role should be supported by state actions to shape the future of the teaching profession. At the core of these activities are strategies that increase the attractiveness of the teaching profession and the social recognition of the importance of teachers’ work and empowering teachers. The paper presents the thesis that strengthening the socio-professional position of the teacher is indispensable in actions aimed at improving the quality of education. In many countries, including Poland, more should be invested in the development of teachers and competitive conditions of their employment and work. Striving to strengthen the profession should become a priority in the activities of both state and local authorities, as well as the work of teacher training universities.
EN
The article presents the origin of the teaching profession and the change in thinking about this occupation. The test describes a few theoretical approaches to the teacher as a tutor in the pedeutological thought: psychological approach, which demonstrates the personal and moral qualities of the teacher; competence approach focused on the teacher’s skills, duties and qualifications; and personalistic approach presenting the teacher as an artist who creates the masterpiece of education.
PL
W artykule ukazano genezę zawodu nauczyciela i przemiany w myśleniu o profesji nauczycielskiej. Zaprezentowano kilka ujęć teoretycznych osoby nauczyciela-wychowawcy w rozwoju refleksji pedeutologicznej: ujęcie psychologiczne, eksponujące walory osobowo-moralne nauczyciela, ujęcie kompetencyjne skoncentrowane na nauczycielskich umiejętnościach, powinnościach i kwalifikacjach oraz ujęcie personalistyczne ukazujące nauczyciela jako artystę, który tworzy dzieło wychowania.
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