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1

Badania próbek kamienia przy użyciu metody termowizyjnej

100%

Derkowska E.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1981

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issue 1-2

92-98

EN

A research method known as thermovision finds a broad application in many fields o f science and technology. Its main advantage is the possibility to make a quick, remote and non-touching measurement o f parameters and to present results in form o f thermogram. The object o f this work was to check the usefulness o f the method in conservation works and in the first place, to evaluate the condition of historic stone objects. A thermovisual camera might become an instrument for a quick preliminary evaluation o f the condition o f large structures such as walls, elevations, or vaultings without a need to put up scaffolding and without, which is very important, sample-taking. The first stage was to carry out investigations on specially prepared samples. They were prepared in such a way that each o f them represented a model o f one phenomenon chosen out o f a number o f the factors occurring and overlapping with regard to objects in situ. This made easier the interpretation o f thermograms obtained. The samples had the form of plates from 20 cm to 42 cm in length, 20 cm wide and 4—5 cm thick. The material was limestone from „Pińczów” beds and sandstone from „Nietulisko” beds. The studies were carried out by means o f a Swedish thermovisual camera (Aga 680). The camera was studied to see its possibility to examine moistness, the presence o f salt in stone, homogenity o f the saturation with a reinforcing agent and to find out the coming-off o f the plaster and painting layers under whites. A number o f normal black and white, colour isothermic, profile and relief thermograms were received. In all cases one could notice differences in the temperature field between examined and standard samples (dry, non-salty, non-reinforced). Apart from the examination of moistness, where there is a natural difference o f temperatures between dry and wet stone, it was necessary to force the flow of heat by either heating samples in a dryer or by cooling their surfaces through rapid evaporation o f extraction naphtha. Salty and superficially reinforced samples proved warmer than standard samples, which is because of a change in the tightness o f stone. Samples taken to examine the coming-off of the plaster were observed during the cooling. Disjointed fragments cool down much quicker than places well adhering to the stone mass, which can be seen on recorded pictures. Moreover, the thermovisual method made it possible to single out white-covered colour painting layers. Colour zones are much more cooler than the white ones. The studies made and results obtained can be recognized as positive. It may be supposed that the thermovisual method shall become, next to other harmless methods, a new useful tool in the evaluation o f historic properties o f stone objects.

2

Zastosowanie komputerowej analizy obrazów wizyjnych standardu VHS do badań przyczyn niszczenia budowli centrum ceremonialnego kultury Nasca : stanowisko Cahuachi, k/Nascua, Peru

100%

Skibiński S., Jagodziński L.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1992

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issue 1-2

42-48

EN

Magnificent buildings belonging to a ceremonial centre of the Paracas-Nasca culture have been discovered in the course of archeological work conducted as part of the „Nasca Project", near the town of Nasca in Peru. The existence of this culture is dated upon the base of archeological investigations at about 400 B.C. - 800 A.D. It developed originally along the Pacific coast in the Paracas Peninsula (the Paracas culture) and subsequently in the basin of the lea and Nasca rivers. The Nasca culture was characterized by a high level of crafts, which indicated connections with the Paracas culture and, during its decline, with the Tiahuanaco and Huari culture. Buildings which are part of the ceremonial centres of the Nasca culture, created in Cahuachi, near the modern town of Nasca, are covered with sand and gravel of alluvial and eolitic origin. This layer of sand protects against the destructive impact of atmospheric and civilizational factors. Following the removal of the sand by the archeologists, the rather well preserved edifices rapidly deteriorated. The purpose of investigations conducted on the site and in laboratories from 1987 to 1989 was to determine the causes of the rapid destruction of the buildings after their uncovering. The most important reasons were the considerable oscillations of temperature and relative humidity of the air, the erosion produced by wind and sunlight, and the ion exchange within the complex of the prime component of the building material. Another destructive factor was the impact of water circulating through capillaries. The presence of this particular factor would explain the poor protection of the walls' uppermost part as compared to the face. The former is most exposed to the sun rays and it is here, presumably, that the water evaporates. The intention of the investigation was to determine the probable range of the dampness of the wall of Templo Escalonado and its direction with the aid of a new method - a computer analysis of VHS signals. A high quality VHS Panasonic camera was used to obtain vision images, which were taped on a Maxell HGH casette. The vision signal was introduced into the computer's memory with a joystick of the image processor equipped with an IBM interface. The latter and the joystick make it possible to either transfer the vision image, sized 200 x 320 points from the camera into the computer memory, or directly from a video. The researchers employed a PC 3236 computer with a 16 kHz clock, and a super-VGA card and monitor, a 40 Mb hard disc and a Star Lc-10C printer. The interpretation of the vision images involved the use of a programme received from the producer of the joystick (IBM). This programme was adapted to an analysis of images for diagnostic purposes and to the configuration of computer equipment. The programme is now known as VIDEO v. 300. It can cooperate with a programme for the creation of stratigraphie documentation for mobile monuments (Ds-DOK C.200). In order to compare the picture on the monitor and the material produced by the printer, colour photographs of the pictures seen on the monitor were made. A standard Painbruch programme, in the 3.0 version (1985), prepared by SZOF, was employed for the purposes of the printer. A „Rzutnik" programme was proposed for receiving the obtained pictures in RGB, PCX and DAT sizes, which makes it possible to estimate the percentage of the contents of basic spectrum colours and the intensity of the produced computer pictures. Furthermore, it enables to calculate the percentage contents of sixteen hues of basic spectrum colours. Pictures of the object under examination were obtained by filming the surface of the wall vertically to the axis of the camera. This surface was also illuminated by sunlight and heated to a temperature of around 30-40°C. The filming was done in August 1987 at about 2 p.m. i.e. during the time when the wall reached its highest temperature. It was assumed that in damp parts the absorption of the rays will differ from the dry parts of the wall. Owing to the large impact of sunlight those parts which were slightly damp (for example, due to the condensation of the steam) were dried off prior to the examination. Therefore, the intensity of the red colour of the wall depended on water absorbed from the soil by means of capillaries. The great differentiation of the temperatures of the surfaces of the wall makes it feasible to propose interpretations despite the small precision of the VHS camera. The multi-spectrum analysis was conducted with the help of the VIDEO programme, using pictures transferred with AKAI equipment. These pictures were subsequently observed on a colour computer monitor steered by a super-VEGA card. After the selection of a suitable picture, observation were carried out of a full VIS spectrum (see diagram 4) and then successively only of the range of the range of the red (see diagram 5) and blue colour (see diagram 6). Undoubtedly, the interpretation of pictures obtained thanks to the multi-spectral analysis of VHS images remains extremely difficult at the present-day level of research. The pictures produced by this technique contain numerous information about the examined object. The ensuing task is to eliminate those which are inessential for the posed question and emphasize those which will facilitate the solution. The study in question presents first attempts at applying the computer analysis for data obtained with a standard VHS camera. This method made it possible to ascertain a possible presence of water circulating from the soil by means of capillaries in buildings belonging to the ceremonial centre of the Nasca culture in Cahuachi. This destructive factor was not taken into account earlier if only because the expanding loamy material made the walls watertight. Earlier research, however, proved the possibility of water being absorbed by the building material used in the objects of the centre. The above outlined investigations should be certainly continued and confirmed in other ways.

3

Pomiary termowizyjne w systemach diagnostycznych

84%

TWARÓG B., GOMÓŁKA Z., KWIATKOWSKI B.

Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka

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2014

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vol. 5

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issue 1

598-604

PL

W pracy zaprezentowano ideę pomiarów termowizyjnych polegających na rejestrowaniu natężenia promieniowania cieplnego emitowanego przez ciała o temperaturze wyższej od zera bezwzględnego. Do tego celu wykorzystano kamerę termowizyjną typu FLIR T620 jako analizator w wybranych zastosowaniach. Stanowisko pomiarowe prezentowane w pracy znajduje się w Centrum CIiTWTP Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego

EN

The paper presents the idea of infrared measurements involving the recording of the intensity of thermal radiation emitted by a body with a temperature above absolute zero. For this purpose the type of infrared camera FLIR T620 as an analyzer for several applications has been presented. Described device stands one of the scientific laboratories equipment of CIiTWTP Center at the University of Rzeszow.

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2 Ochrona Zabytków

1 Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka

1 Derkowska E.

1 GOMÓŁKA Z.

1 Jagodziński L.

1 KWIATKOWSKI B.

1 Skibiński S.

1 TWARÓG B.

1 2014

1 1992

1 1981

Badania próbek kamienia przy użyciu metody termowizyjnej

Zastosowanie komputerowej analizy obrazów wizyjnych standardu VHS do badań przyczyn niszczenia budowli centrum ceremonialnego kultury Nasca : stanowisko Cahuachi, k/Nascua, Peru

Pomiary termowizyjne w systemach diagnostycznych