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ZJAWISKO TERRORYZMU WE WSPÓŁCZESNYM ŚWIECIE

100%
Olak A., Krauz A.
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
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2014
|
vol. 15(15)
188-202
EN
Terrorism is a phenomenon historically variable, multi-faceted and dynamic occurring in various forms. It is difficult at present to define a uniform definition of terrorism, which is changing under the influence of civilization, especially the rapid scientific and technical progress. Terrorists perfectly use the latest means of communication, mass media, modern communication technology and computers. The purpose of this article is therefore an approximation of the phenomenon and ways to combat it.
2
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ZJAWISKO TERRORYZMU WE WSPÓŁCZESNYM ŚWIECIE

100%
Olak A., Krauz A.
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
|
2014
|
vol. 15(15)
188-202
PL
Terrorism is a phenomenon historically variable, multi-faceted and dynamic occurring in various forms. It is difficult at present to define a uniform definition of terrorism, which is changing under the influence of civilization, especially the rapid scientific and technical progress. Terrorists perfectly use the latest means of communication, mass media, modern communication technology and computers. The purpose of this article is therefore an approximation of the phenomenon and ways to combat it.
3
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ПРОТИВОДЕЙСТВИЕ ТЕРРОРИЗМУ В ЕВРОПЕЙСКОМ СОЮЗЕ

100%
ЗУБЖИЦКИ В.
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
|
2017
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vol. 27(27)
258-271
EN
Terrorism has become a global issue since the beginnings of the 21st century and it was to have been solved by countries which, at that time, had no experience in dealing with such criminal activity. There has been a very real sense of threat in many countries and, consequently, terrorism has become one of the most important problems for today’s world. It could be seen on many occasions that terrorism is an effective and ruthless way of causing physical damage and non-physical harm. Spreading fear among the general public has become one of the main objectives of terrorists and recent occurrences have clearly demonstrated that this is effective indeed. Taking such circumstances into account, it is hardly surprising that counter-terrorist activities are drawing more and more attention. Undoubtedly, continuous cooperation between countries on an international level for handling both global and regional threats is the most effective way of combating terrorism. As far as this is concerned, creating the relevant institutions over the course of many years is essential. The EU has long been trying to ensure conformity of the legal systems of its member states in order to make it possible to engage in efficient cooperation and to create a zone of safety and stability. However, it should be emphasized that there is still much to be done.
4

Причинный комплекс пропаганды терроризма

88%
Vasilishyn V.
Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem
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2016
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vol. 38
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issue 3
23-29
EN
The article examines the causes of terrorism and terms of propaganda. It analyzes the main conceptual approaches to the understanding of terrorism and its determin­ation in individual criminal manifestations. The problem of determination of crime is the central problem in criminology, which still has not found a clear scientific solutions because of many objective and subjective factors. Determinism and causality are related, but not identical concepts. Criminological determination is a kind of social determination. A mechanism of determination includes different functions and implications: causes and conditions (correlatives). Determinism expresses any conditionality of phenomena, objects, pro­cesses, all kinds of links between them. The reason points to a genetic link of the consequences and a particular cause as the main factors for its occurrence. By analysis of determination of crime criminogenic factors of terrorism propaganda were clarified. It was indicated that these factors determine the causal complex of terrorist propaganda in the form of a three-level pyramid. There were formulated causes and terms of terrorism propaganda, and determined deep, basic and current causes of terrorism propaganda. Within the classification of reasons of the terrorist propaganda were highlighted: the geopolitical, ideological, socio-economic, socio-psychological and organizational factors.
5
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О женщинах-террористках в прозе эмигранта Романа Гуля

88%
Mianowska J.
Studia Rossica Posnaniensia
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2019
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vol. 44
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issue 2
51-60
RU
The article analyses the images of female terrorists in a novel of Roman Gul, a first-wave Russian emigrant. The members of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, including women, committed two well-known terrorist acts, i.e. the assassination of the Minister of the Interior Vyacheslav von Plehve and the murder of Grand Duke Sergey Alexandrovich.
6
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Walls, fences and international borders

63%
Biger G., Department of Geography and Human Environment T. A. U.
Studia z Geografii Politycznej i Historycznej
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2013
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vol. 2
PL
Artykuł dotyczy relacji między granicami państwowymi i współczesnym zjawiskiem stawiania murów i ogrodzeń wzdłuż tych granic. W celu uniknięcia działań militarnych i terrorystycznych, nielegalnej imigracji, przemytu, zwłaszcza między krajami biednymi i bogatymi, zbudowano i nadal się buduje coraz więcej ogrodzeń. Badania przedstawiają kilka modeli wspartych badaniami przypadków takich relacji, tzn. ogrodzeń/murów tworzących granicę, jednostronnych ogrodzeń/murów wzdłuż istniejącej granicy, dwustronnych murów wzdłuż uznanych granic państwowych, murów wybudowanych wzdłuż części granicy międzynarodowej, tj. granicy częściowo ogrodzonej, murów miast oraz murów w rejonach spornych, nieposiadających oficjalnych granic państwowych. Z podsumowania artykułu wynika, że dopóki istnieją różnice pomiędzy krajami, ludzie będą z wielu powodów próbowali nielegalnie przekraczać granice, a ci, którzy próbują ich powstrzymać, będą budować coraz więcej ogrodzeń na całym świecie.
EN
This article deals with fences and walls built along international boundaries, especially by rich countries which try to prevent illegal entering. The article will present different types of fences, built for different needs. Case studies from all over the world will be presented in order to show that as long as there are so many differences between countries, people will try to cross the line and those who try to halt it, will continue to build fences along their boundaries.
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