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EN
The article analyses the story of the prophet-king Melchizedek (mentioned in Gen 14,17– 20, Ps 110,4 and three passages in Heb: 5,6–10, 6,20, 7,1–17), recorded in Slavonic historical texts: the first and second translation of Palaea Historica, and the first and second edition of the so-called apocryphal cycle of Abraham (in which there are several references to Melchizedek). Compared to the scarce information about Melchizedek from the Old and New Testament, stories of extra-biblical origin communicate a significant amount of detail concerning the king-priest, comprising a description of nearly all of his life. Comparison of key episodes in the life of Melchizedek and Abraham (such as origin, revelation, conflict with their pagan parent, leaving home and journey, promise of greatness given by God, testimony or theophany or angelophany, experience of human sacrifice, a change of name) in the Palaea and the cycle confirms – based on the Slavonic material – analogies in the construction of the two protagonists. Both accounts – in the Palaea and the cycle – make the characters more “full-blooded” than in the Bible. The story of Melchizedek presented in the Palaea is characterised by fragmentation (being contained in four chapters), and disrupts chronological order to a small degree, emphasising cause-and-effect relationships, while at the same time it can be considered as a prototype or a singular variant of Vitae: the structure and selection of content of the bio- or hagiographic story meet the characteristics of the genre.
EN
The Synodikon of Orthodoxy, in its earliest version (Synodikon of Alexius Studites), has at least five different layers of composition. Beside the original one of 843/844, there is one after 845, another after 870, a fourth after 925 and finally one between 1034–1043. Since each date represents a post quem, they could be grouped together. However, the layers of composition represent different interests and objectives and therefore are difficult to conflate. On the contrary, each stratum reveals that by the 11th century the characteristic of the Synodikon was to unify different objectives and strategies into one text. It is also for this reason that the text continued to expand after Alexius Studites’ version of 1034–1043.
PL
This paper provides a synthetic overview of the research approaches to datę which refer to the sphere of legał and judicial communication, with particular attention given to disciplines such as rhetoric, stylistics and linguistic textology. This overview is aimed at presenting a certain tradition of research on the style of utterances performed in the sphere of legał and judicial communication, on the one hand, and at indicating deficiencies within the discussed issues and description methods employed, on the other hand. The author emphasises the significance of the discussion on the so-called judicial genre in the classical rhetoric and the development - on the ground of Slavic stylistics - of the concept of social functional styles and, in relation to this, the distinction of the so-called administrative style, which includes the legał discourse. She also appreciates the pragmatic and communicative breakthrough in linguistics which occurred in linguistics under the influence ofthe theory of speech acts by J. L. Austin and J. R. Searle. The combination of research on speech acts with the analysis of the genre and style diversification of utterance seems particularly fruitful when referred to the legał and judicial discourse. The aim of the researcher is also to outline the prospects for further research which might be inspired by achievements on the ground of linguistic genology and new stylistics which take advantage primarily of the pragmalinguistic and cognitive inspirations. The author also points to research areas in which interdisciplinary cooperation between linguists and law theoreticians would be desired.
Onomastica
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2014
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vol. 58
363-372
EN
Textological breakthrough in onomastics The article discusses the new perspective in research of proper names. The perspective means treating a proper name as a text unit, and consequently, identifying different types/kinds of onyms. The basis of this analysis is a monography by Małgorzata Rutkiewicz-Hanczewska “Onymical genology. Proper names on the motivational and communicative plane”.
EN
The article discusses the preparation of the academic edition of the complete works by Lesya Ukrainka for publication carried out by the staff of the Volyn National University named after Lesya Ukrainka (Lutsk, Ukraine), with the involvement of leading literary critics of Ukraine. The implementation of this large-scale project (a collection of 14 volumes) became possible due to the fact that the university is the owner of the electronic archive of Lesya Ukrainka. The manuscript heritage of the writer has become available for detailed study by a wide range of researchers, in addition to remotely. The article states that careful processing of manuscripts revealed many problems in studying Lesya Ukrainka’s work, in particular, ideological interference in the process of publishing and interpreting manuscripts, especially draft manuscripts. The comparison of rough and clean autographs proved to be especially fruitful for commenting on texts, for an in-depth, and often completely new understanding of classical works. The organizers set a goal to fully reflect the handwritten legacy of Lesya Ukrainka in comments and notes. Unfortunately, not every work of the writer received such an in-depth discourse, because many texts are presented in the collection of first editions, as neither draft nor final manuscripts were found. But even the available autographs allow us to interpret the writer’s manuscript heritage as a self-sufficient object of science, to which it is necessary to apply not only the textual and genetic method but also many other methods of modern literary criticism.
EN
This article reviews the placing in Tale’s text history of three records of The Tale on the Origin of Tobacco from the collection entitled Pandok stored in Saint Petersburg archives which were not analyzed earlier: BAN, Lukyanov collection, No. 107 (XVIII c.); NLR, collection of Kolobov, No. 334 (XVIII c.), and IRLI, Severodvinsk collection, No. 29 (XIX c.). The author demonstrates that the Lukyanov record and the Kolobov record belong to type I of the Tale’s main revision by the Institute of Russian Literature, and the record of the Severodvinsk collection combined the patterns of type I and type II. Textual analysis helped to identify the records of type I and type II ex-amined earlier by the author which were most similar to the text of three Tale’s records analyzed in this article.
EN
The article discusses issues related to the creative process and the editorial fate of The Adventures of Matołek the Billy-Goat by Kornel Makuszyński. It contains collected informations on the appearance of an idea for a book-comic for children (as told by Makuszyński’s wife – Janina, Marian Walentynowicz, Jan Gebethner), through the actual process of writing, the first edition and post-war issue. Also it discusses drawings from The 120 adventures of Matołek the Billy-Goat which sometimes differ quite significantly depending on the edition.
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EN
The purpose of this paper is to explain an important question related to the text theory, which concerns understanding of processuality. In other words, a concept in which the text “is not” but “is becoming one“. According to the etymology of the term, the homily, in textological practice, may concern different elements that will influence its processuality. In the paper, those elements have been divided into two groups. The first part concerns the substantial content of the homily text. The second refers to its structure. Those two elements enable structuring the text of the homily in such a way as to allow the listeners to follow the train of thought presented by the preacher.
PL
Celem artykułu jest wyjaśnienie istotnego zagadnienia teorii tekstu związanego z zagadnieniem procesualności. W innych słowach: koncepcji, gdzie tekst nie „jest”, ale „staje się”. W lingwistyce tekstu homilia może, zgodnie z etymologią terminu, dotyczyć różnych elementów, które mogą wpłynąć na jej procesualność. W opracowaniu te elementy zostały podzielone na dwie grupy. Pierwsza dotyczy zawartości materialnej tekstu homilii. Druga jest związana ze strukturą. Dzięki tym elementom tekst homilii może zostać uporządkowany w sposób, który pozwoli słuchaczom podążać za prezentowanymi myślami mówiącego.
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Třetí ediční stadium vydávání Máje K. H. Máchy

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EN
This study examines critical editions of Máj by Karel Hynek Mácha in the period after the discovery of the poem manuscript in 1916. Hence it focuses primarily on publishing procedures in the ten editions (1919-1949) by Karel Janský, while also examining other important parallel editorial undertakings, editions from the previous period and editions that came out after the last critical edition in the Knihovna klasiků series (1959). This exposition focuses primarily on how both prominent Mácha editors set out their conception of the chronology of both primary sources: the first printing (1836) and the poem manuscript. It subsequently analyses which method of working with both sources they developed from this conception, and it focuses on a detailed analysis of the editing proces, i.e. on determining the phenomena which the editors considered to be errors within the text of the poem, their correction and what is known as the linguistic preparation of the text. The study shows developments in the approaches of both editors, the changes in the extent and method both sources were contaminated and in the application of the diplomatic approach, while also following the ongoing application of a methodologically different editing process method, which aimed to modernize and harmonize the published text. This process is observed within the context of the domestic discussion at that time on the extent and method for correcting the texts of the classics. The present description of changes in the text of critical editions of Máj is one of the bases for the forthcoming new edition of the poem in the Hybrid Scholarly Edition.
EN
In the present paper, we offer a glimpse at a classic, canonical book on philology (namely Initiation à la philologie française, by N.N. Condeescu, published in 1969) and at its (ir)relevance against the backdrop of the evolution of philological studies from the 1970s to the language and literature studies of the new millennium. The article is therefore a reflection on philology (a term as vague in Romanian as it is in French) and on its scope of application in Romania.
PL
This article is confrontational with the theses presented in the paper: O pewnym (chybionym) studium przypadku [About a (wrong) case study ] (Chybińska 2017), which is the answer to the issues presented in the article: Etyka w przekładzie specjalistycznym a kompetencje tłumacza tekstów specjalistycznych - studium przypadku [Ethics in specialized translation and competence of specialist translator: case study] (Boroch 2017). In this article (Boroch 2017), the methodological principles in the specialist translation and the substantive and ethical consequences of their violation have been presented. Exemplary material was the Polish translation of Henryk Hiż's article: Peirce's Influence on Logic in Poland (Hiż 1997, 264–270) published in ”Studia z Filozofii Polskiej” in 2015 (Hiż 2015, 21–29) along with a biographical section (Chybińska 2015, 29–33) which both constitute a coherent publication. The article has raised the following issues: (1) the lack of justification of the basis of translation, i.e. the primacy of the manuscript over the printed version, that is the last one controlled by the author; (2) inconsistency with regard to termination of translation; (3) unauthorized introduction of a Polish neologism “dylematyczny” derived from the (non-existent) English lexical unit “dylemmatic” (Sic!); (4) proposal of the notation of Peirce's law: (p, q, r ) (Sic!).
EN
This article is devoted the church Slavonic tradition of the lectionaries. After introductory information about the number of the catalogued manuscripts of the Gospel(-Apostol) aprakoses, their popularity in different centuries (up to XVI c.) and the preliminary number of the printed Cyrillic books of the New Testament, very rare Apostol-Evangelistary old books of Slavonic tradition (in XVI-XIX c.) are described. Old printed Cyrillic lectionaries were issued in: 1620 (in Uherce (close to Lvov)), 1640 (in Luck), 1706 (in Lvov) and 1707 (in Kiev). First three of them are Saturday- Sunday Apostol-Gospel aprakoses, and the fourth is the full Gospel lectionary. These old printed books are very interesting form textological and liturgical point of view and deserve more detailed research.
PL
Contemporary text linguistics once again faces the necessity to ask itself a question about the object of its study. The reason for it is the existence of new definitions of text in which text is understood as a process and not as a product, as well as the developing studies of discourse and its social, political, cultural, and ideological determinants. In the present article I attempt to defend the traditional understanding of text as a product, not at the same time negating the necessity of studying communicative and pragmatic processes of discourse determinants. In order to achieve this I use three concepts which, when treated as different aspects of the same phenomenon, may help to grasp the complex object of text linguistics, which is text treated holistically as an integral phenomenon generated in the process of language communication embedded in a broad cultural context. These three concepts which I treat as a unity, and at the same time as three aspects of defining the object of text linguistics are: text, utterance, and discourse.
EN
The author provides an answer to the question why Old Polish texts, especially mediaeval ones, constitute a separate subject of study. Primarily, he draws attention to the kinds of problems connected with the reading of those texts (e.g. identification of functional expressions), and with the various manifestations of multilayeredness. How to study such texts? The author suggests that the existing palette of methods be complemented with selected tools developed by modern textology, which so far have only sporadically been employed in the research of the oldest Polish texts. Meanwhile, their use makes possible a precise description and analysis, taking into account the multilayeredness and the traces of the work of many scribes, sometimes so large that they modify the arrengement of intentions and functions of the text. The author uses the example of Rozmyślanie przemyskie and other texts to show the complexity of such problems as the address of the text, its cohesion, continuity, and comprehensiveness – qualities that are only revealed when appropriate assumptions are made and adequate descriptive tools used.
EN
The paper presents arguments in favour of treating proverbs as text, and in consequence, as linguistic units. The starting point is the concept of integral text linguistics formulated by Jerzy Bartmiński and Stanisława Niebrzegowska-Bartmińska in their handbook Tekstologia (‘Text linguistics’, 2009). According to this theory, text is a supra-sentence linguistic unit, and the text of the parole plane corresponds to an abstract template of the langue plane. The argumentation that this paper presents in favour of regarding proverbs as text is based on an analysis of examples from the National Corpus of Polish which contain proverbs. It shows clearly that proverbs fulfill all of the requirements of textuality; among others, they are uniquely distinguished as a communicative whole, they receive a clear genre qualification, they have their senders and receivers, a clear communicative intent and a stylistic qualifier. The final part of the paper contains a proposition to describe proverbs as “minimal text”, and to separate the terms minimal text and prototypical text. Within this interpretation, a proverb is a prototypical minimal text that is different from both non-prototypical minimal texts, and from non-prototypical non-minimal long texts such as novels, as well as prototypical texts such as fables which tend to be longer (non-minimal).
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Textová genetika a Kritická hybridní edice

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EN
As Critical Hybrid Edition volumes contain an extensive genetic component, they are sometimes characterized within a foreign context as “genetic” editions. The aim of the paper titled Text genetics and the Critical Hybrid Edition is thus to analyse how particular editions based on Critical Hybrid Editions match the criteria set for digital genetic editions. The introduction presents a brief summary of the domestic reception of genetic editions, but the paper’s synopsis for comparing the Critical Hybrid Edition with the digital genetic edition comprises the criteria formulated in a study by Paolo D’Iorio (2010), and also takes into account the way the genetic edition is understood by Dirk van Hulle (2016), or the way genetic digital editions are specifically compiled, e.g. as part of the Nietzsche Source Project or the Samuel Beckett Digital Manuscript Project. The outcome is a sequence of distinctions between the Critical Hybrid Edition and the digital genetic edition concept, as well as a set of possible solutions that might be implemented in forthcoming Critical Hybrid Edition titles.
Język Polski
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2015
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vol. 95
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issue 1-2
106-113
PL
W artykule pokazane zostały główne osiągnięcia polskiego językoznawstwa w zakresie tekstologii i analizy dyskursu w latach 1989–2014. Autorka krótko prezentuje najważniejsze prace o charakterze syntetycznym i szczegółowym. Omawia ewolucję badań nad tekstem, ukazując zarówno ujęcie statyczne, jak i dynamiczne myślenia o tekście. Jako komplementarną względem tekstologii traktuje analizę dyskursu, wyraźnie transdyscyplinarną i traktującą komunikowanie jako praktykę społeczną.
EN
The article is devoted to the main achievements of the Polish linguistics within the scope of text studies and discourse analysis between 1989 and 2014. The author presents briefly the most important studies, including synthetic and more detailed papers. She discusses the changes in the text-oriented studies, showing the static and dynamic text conceptualisations. The author treats discourse analysis as a complementary method to text studies and finds it interdisciplinary and focused on communication as a social practice.
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Content available

Poznámka k Halasově Písni

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EN
This short article on František Halas’s poem Píseň (‘The Song’; 1932) draws attention to an editorial issue concerning the word nah (‘naked’) as it appears in the first verse (‘Jdu k tobě nah a s písní nahou’ / ‘I go to you naked and with a naked song’). In nearly all editions, this word was replaced with rád (‘happy’). The article presents the rationale for following the manuscript version (published only in the book of Halas’s poetry Doznání, 1972, edited by his son F. X. Halas) in connection to the meaning of this poem and others by Halas.
EN
Since his death, Karel Havlíček Borovský (1821–1856) has been seen by the Czech public as a ‘national martyr’ (a view not entirely upheld by historical facts), as well as a symbol of courage, defiance and forthrightness. Similar qualities have been attributed to his fiction, a vivid and humorous reflection of the state of affairs in the culture and politics of his time. However, Havlíček’s poems and epigrams were created in the trying circumstances of Metternich’s Austria, during the revolutionary years of 1848 and 1849 and subsequent years of social depression. Throughout this period his publishing possibilities were limited to the demands of censorship, at risk of losing his literary existence. He wrote his best-known poems while detained in Brixen, with no hope of publication. During his lifetime he was unable to publish a single book of his own fiction, and for years after his death his works were known primarily through unauthorized copies. The first posthumous comprehensive editions of his writings (esp. Zelený 1870, Tůma 1886, Quis 1889 and 1906) were similarly limited by the political conditions of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. At the same time, however, they aimed at presenting an idealized image of the national poet by modifying and redacting the original texts. This study follows the situation outlined here from a textological perspective. In the first part, it notes the uncertain boundaries of Havlíček’s works in terms of textual units, author attribution and delimitation of genre. In the second part, it presents examples of censorship and self-censorship. In the third part, it deals with changes to Havlíček’s texts after the author’s death, mainly due to inaccurate copies and editorial interventions (e.g. the removal and concealment of taboo words). It is this aspect of publishing practice in the second half of the 19th century that results in a particularly problematic, flat and banal image of Havlíček’s work. The study is accompanied by analysis of several specific textual problems that remain unresolved.
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