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PL
The aim of the article is to analyse the so-called words of the year used in the Czech public discourse in the years of 2006–2014. In the Czech Republic this event takes the form of a plebiscite conducted among readers of “Lidové noviny” newpaper. The words selected in the Czech contest Words of the Year have a different character than their Polish counterparts. It seems that they were chosen mainly to the attractive context in which they were used, which is related to the profile of people voting for them. An average reader of “Lidové nowiny” newspaper is more often driven by attractiveness of the meaning of the lexeme, context, in which it is used, less often its form, unless it evokes specific associations. A great number of these words are quotes from politicians, relating to internal affairs. From the lexicological point of view, lexical neologisms prevail among the Czech set of words of the year. Among them one can distinguish word formation neologisms (rychlostudent), semantic neologisms (šibal, odklonit, viróza) and borrowings (blob, pussy, fotovoltaika). Other words are native or foreign words used in texts adapted to the Czech language (metanol, poplatky) a long time ago.
EN
This article outlines the two (only seemingly competing) theoretical approaches operative so far in translation theory to explain text comprehension processes. First, it gives a short description of the hermeneutic approach and the analytic approach. Then, it explains how both approaches can be linked together on the base of the translation-oriented text analysis scheme from Nord. The article ends with an overview of the benefits from this linkage for translation didactics and practice, including CAT-tools and MT.
EN
Translation of the Bible or any other text unavoidably involves a determination about its meaning. There have been different views of meaning from ancient times up to the present, and a particularly Enlightenment and Modernist view is that the meaning of a text amounts to whatever the original author of the text intended it to be. This article analyzes the authorial-intent view of meaning in comparison with other models of literary and legal interpretation. Texts are anchors to interpretation but are subject to individualized interpretations. It is texts that are translated, not intentions. The challenge to the translator is to negotiate the meaning of a text and try to choose the most salient and appropriate interpretation as a basis for bringing the text to a new audience through translation.
EN
Following the development of a framework for critical stylistics (Jeffries 2010) and the explication of some of the theoretical assumptions behind this framework (Jeffries 2014a, 2014b, 2015a, 2015b), the present article attempts to put this framework into a larger theoretical context as a way to approach textual meaning. Using examples from the popular U.S. television show, The Big Bang Theory, I examine the evidence that there is a kind of textual meaning which can be distinguished from the core propositional meaning on the one hand and from contextual, interpersonal meaning on the other. The specific aim, to demonstrate a layer of meaning belonging to text specifically, is set within an argument which claims that progress in linguistics can better be served by adherence to a rigorous scientific discipline.
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