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Różne drogi do Ameryki. Próba nowego spojrzenia na emigrację żydowską z Polski do USA w latach dwudziestych XX w.

100%

Pauliuchuk V.

Białostockie Teki Historyczne

2016

vol. Białostockie Teki Historyczne, 2016, tom 14

In the article the genesis of illegal Jewish emigration from the Second Polish Republic to the USA in 1918–29 is examined in terms of the so-called pushing-and-attracting-migratory-movement factors. The bad economic situation of the Jewish population in Poland and the antisemitism – constantly rising in the country due to political events – meant that for many Jews an overseas trip became the only chance for improvement of the life. Yet, trips planed by Polish Jews were curbed by emigration requirements securing the interest of the reborn Polish state. The attempts to circumvent these restrictions contributed to the first cases of illegal entering the United States through Cuba, Mexico or Canada. After the introduction of statutory emigration restrictions in the United States in 1921 and 1924, Polish Jews travelled more frequently to the countries adjacent to the US, which still remained their final destination. The descriptions of the fate of Polish Jews on emigration that were included in this article are among the most dramatic episodes in the history of overseas emigration from Poland in the interwar period.

“NEW ERA” as a way to new deal? A critical view on Herbert Hoover’s economic policy in the 1920s

67%

Tajovský L.

Dvacáté století - The Twentieth Century

2013

vol. 5

issue 1

98-110

The 1920s tend to be called “New Era” in the economic history. Political economy of the Republican presidents (Waren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover) was based on the belief that modern capitalism would no longer be accompanied by cyclical crisis recessions. The key institution of the political economy was step by step becoming to be the recently founded central bank, FED, which in compliance with the Department of Treasury had a policy which consisted in experiments with generating of economic activity through changing the amount of money in the economy. The key personality of the political economy of this period was the Secretary of Commerce and later president Herbert Hoover who introduced the concept of so called cooperative individualism. In this sense the republican 1920s followed the period of progressivism typical for the time before the First World War.

Dvacátá léta minulého století bývají v hospodářských dějinách označována termínem „nová éra“. Hospodářská politika republikánských prezidentů (Waren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover) vycházela z všeobecně rozšířeného přesvědčení, že moderní kapitalismus již nebude provázen cyklickými krizovými poklesy. Klíčovou institucí hospodářské politiky se postupně stávala nedávno vzniklá centrální banka, Fed, která v souladu s politikou ministerstva financí prováděla politiku spočívající v experimentování s generováním ekonomické aktivity prostřednictvím ovlivňování množství peněz v ekonomice. Stěžejní osobností hospodářské politiky po celou dekádu byl ministr obchodu a pozdější prezident Herbert Hoover, který přišel s konceptem tzv. kooperativního individualismu. V tomto smyslu republikánská 20. léta navazovala na období progresivismu před první světovou válkou.

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1 Białostockie Teki Historyczne

1 Dvacáté století - The Twentieth Century

1 Pauliuchuk V.

1 Tajovský L.

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1 2013

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Różne drogi do Ameryki. Próba nowego spojrzenia na emigrację żydowską z Polski do USA w latach dwudziestych XX w.

“NEW ERA” as a way to new deal? A critical view on Herbert Hoover’s economic policy in the 1920s