Search results

1

Lidská práva v rakouském osvícenství. Wolff, Martini a Windischgrätz

100%

Cerman I.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2013

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vol. 111

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issue 2

300-334

EN

This study returns to the beginnings of the theory of human rights as it was conceived by Christian Wolff; it discusses its developments in the conception of the Austrian lawyer Karl Anton von Martini and the original re-working of this theory based on sensualism as presented by Joseph Nikolaus Count Windischgrätz.

2

Adam Smith, The Enlightenment, and his Relevance for the 21st Century

88%

Bevan D., Werhane P. H.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2022

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issue 1

19-32

EN

In this article we reconsider strands of Adam Smith’s contribution to the project of the Enlightenment. Many of these, as we shall identify, remain poignant, and valuable observations for the twenty-first century. This sampled reconsideration touches both on (i) how Smith is identified, as well as occasionally misread, as an Enlightenment philosopher/economist; and (ii) the extent to which t/his enlightenment survives.

3

Servir le roi par la plume au sommet de l’état monarchique : état de l’historiographie française

88%

Figeac M., Reischlová D.

Folia historica Bohemica

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2018

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vol. 33

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issue 2

305–318

EN

In a transparent way, the study presents and assesses existing French historiography dealing with the issue of historical research of the emerging bureaucratic apparatus in France since its beginnings in the 16th century up to its boom that took place at the end of the 17th century and during the 18th century. The text focuses mainly on central administrations and financial and commercial authorities that were originally the product and subsequently the tool of the king’s rule in individual administrative areas and that ensured the employment and development of the nobility of the robe and of clerks that were not of noble origin who came from the class of educated townspeople. The issue of French clerical staff in the broadest sense is fairly complicated, because next to new bureaucratic authorities there were also traditional authorities where individual posts were either bought or inherited. The study sheds some light on this issue and through an analysis of case studies shows the rise of clerk families, educational possibilities and the living standard of the middle bureaucracy serving in the central authorities of the king’s rule.

4

Bizarna, pokrętna encyklopedia? Nowe Ateny Benedykta Chmielowskiego w Księgach Jakubowych Olgi Tokarczuk

88%

Brenskott K.

Facta Ficta. Journal of Theory, Narrative & Media

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2019

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vol. 3

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issue 1

175-194

EN

The aim of this paper is to examine intertextual relations between Olga Tokarczuk’s The Books of Jacob and New Athens by Benedykt Chmielowski which are interesting due to the ongoing debate about (un)encyclopedic and (un)scientific nature of „the oldest polish encyclopedia”. Both the author of New Athens and the book itself are used by Polish Nobel Laureate as symbols of the soon-to-be gone pre-Enlightenment era, and they are contrasted with the work of Johann Heinrich Zeler or Denis Diderot. It is worth noting that this particular image of New Athens is determined by edition used by Tokarczuk. Author of Flights was familiar with and influenced by the famous edition of New Athens made by Maria and Jan Józef Lipscy. Interferences in the structure of the original text, highly subjective and tendencious selection of included material and addition of satirical images by Szymon Kobyliński shaped perception of New Athens as curious and bizarre work, alien to ideals of 18th century encyclopedists. This edition perpetuated the „black legend” of the so-called „first polish encyclopedia”. Polish Nobel Prize laureate – by using this particular edition – unwillingly and unknowingly took part in a centuries long debate about the work of Chmielowski. This entanglement leads to interesting problems and asks serious questions: how choice of sources can influence one’s perception of text? How different would be usage of this encyclopedia and its role in the novel if Tokarczuk would not be familiar with Lipscy edition? In this paper the author compares three different New Athens: the original ones, written by Benedykt Chmielowski, famous edition made by Józef and Maria Lipscy and fictional New Athens described in The Books of Jacob.

5

"Poemat o zagładzie Lizbony" (1755) i "Kandyd" (1759) czyli Wolter wobec Leibniza

75%

Niedziela M.

Acta Neophilologica

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2021

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vol. XXIII/2

133-146

EN

This article deals with the ways Voltaire makes references in his texts to the philosophical thought of Leibniz. To achieve maximum coherence, this paper only discusses those writings by Voltaire that most directly refer to the Leibnizian issues. These are primarily Poem on the Lisbon Disaster and the philosophical tale Candide, or Optimism. The article critically examines various aspects of Leibniz’s philosophy, such as the theory of pre-established harmony and the concept of monads, and above all the notion of the best possible universe. Moreover, selected aspects of Voltaire’s and Leibniz’s thoughts are compared. For the purpose of consistent analysis, the article primarily focuses on those features in the German philosopher’s system that were particularly questioned by the author of Candide.

6

Традиции французской философской прозы эпохи Просвещения в современном белорусском философско-аллегорическом романе Abstract:

75%

Жилевич О., Гагуа Р.

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

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2018

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issue 15

EN

Some Belarusian philosophical-allegoric novel renewal periods have been studied closely with the emphases on the historic, social and cultural heritage of different epochs. In the article, the decisive role of the Enlightenment French philosophical prose is noted in the development of the modern Belarusian philosophical-allegoric novel. The Enlightenment French philosophical-allegoric text is a model of reality, simple for understanding, with a fascinating adventure story, but with an obscure moral and philosophical attitude and didacticism. The 18th century philosophical-allegoric prose is distinguished by the parable form of narrative, which is characterized by moral and philosophical problems, global questions about the life and destiny of people, marked by didacticism, by a high degree of generalization, and the obligatory projection of the idea on the reader views. The article proves the influence of Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Diderot’ philosophical works on the development of the modern philosophical-allegoric novel in Belarusian literature. The article analyzes the poetics of Belarusian contemporary works of this genre taking into account the French traditions of the Enlightenment.

7

Przekład i oryginał. Polska i francuska wersja osiemnastowiecznego dzieła apologetycznego

66%

Partyka J.

Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae

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2018

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vol. 28

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issue 2

153-165

EN

The author juxtaposes the little-known dialogue treatise of Jakub Zajączkowski’s Rozmowy filozoficzne (Philosophical Conversations, 1780) with its French prototype, Observations philosophiques (1771) by François Xavier de Feller. The works refer to the Pre-Enlightenment and Enlightenment philosophical and theological discussions in which issues in the field of natural science, geology, astronomy, and physics arise. The comparison yields some interesting conclusions.

8

Oświeconych nie trzeba oświecać… Refleksje o szkole, powadze czytania i szaleństwie ideologii

63%

Zając G.

Roczniki Humanistyczne

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2019

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vol. 67

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issue 1: Literatura polska

25-38

PL

Wskazując na postępującą marginalizację piśmiennictwa doby oświecenia w programach nauczania języka polskiego, realizowanych w szkole średniej (ponadgimnazjalnej) na przestrzeni ostatnich kilkunastu lat, autor artykułu skupia się na powiązanym z tym zjawiskiem pogłębianiu się problemu jednostronnego, zdominowanego przez stereotypy i uproszczenia, odbioru tamtej literatury. Stawia pytanie o to, w jaki sposób należałoby czytać osiemnastowieczne i wczesnodziewiętnastowieczne teksty, by – w imię przywracania im należnej rangi w kulturowym obiegu – zobaczyć je nie tylko w kontekście historyczno-społecznym, a tym samym nie sprowadzać ich znaczenia do przekazu dydaktycznego bądź politycznego. W obliczu niepokojących, bo instrumentalizujących dzieło literackie, trendów, które pojawiają się w przestrzeni literaturoznawstwa, podkreśla jednocześnie potrzebę wystrzegania się sytuacji, w której rzutowane na dawny tekst przekonania ideologiczne badacza zdają się nad tym tekstem – jako przedmiotem obserwacji – dominować, zafałszowując jego obraz.

EN

Pointing to the progressive marginalization of the Enlightenment literature in the Polish language curricula implemented in secondary schools over the last several years, the author focuses on the related phenomenon of biased reception of that literature, dominated by stereotypes and simplifications. The author asks how the 18th and early-19th-century texts should be read – with the aim of restoring their proper rank in the cultural tradition – to perceive them not only in the historical and social context, and thus not to reduce their meaning to a didactic or political message. In the face of the disturbing trends in the field of literary studies, which instrumentalise a literary work, the author also stresses the need to avoid a situation in which the ideological beliefs of the researcher projected on an older text seem to dominate it, distorting its image.

9

Status i prestiż oświeceniowej polszczyzny w świetle uwag Adama Kazimierza Czartoryskiego

63%

Hawrysz M.

Forum Lingwistyczne

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2018

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issue 5

27-37

EN

The aim of the study is to reconstruct the views on the status and prestige of the Polish language in the end of the 18th century in the light of the book by Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski Myśli o pismach polskich. The work is cognitively attractive, as it gives a testimony to the status and prestige of the Polish language in the breakthrough period for the Polish state, i.e. just after the Third Partition, and even before the intensification of the tendencies to deprive Poles their national identity. In his book Myśli o pismach polskich, the author expresses an unshakable view of the high status of Polish and the shattered prestige. Institutions such as stable state power, capital, intellectual elites, scientific and critical publishing houses, periodicals, schools, theaters, the family can be distinguished among the factors shaping both spheres.

10

Jan Hus v proměnách šesti století

63%

Čornej P.

Studia theologica

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2015

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vol. 4

19-35

EN

According to the Hussite approach, and also according to the approach of the Reformation streams, the death of Jan Hus represented a turning point in history, a return to the binding road to salvation. This is demonstrated in the Hussite chronicles, and also the depictions of Jan Hus as a witness to the first day and a Saint comparable to the early Christian martyrs. Although the Catholic environment viewed Jan Hus and the Hussites as heretics doomed to eternal torment in the flames of Hell, the preacher of Bethlehem Chapel was considered both a savvy and dangerous opponent. These two basic and extremely different approaches continued into the last quarter of the 18th century, when the Enlightenment began to present Jan Hus as a victim of conscience and the proclaimer of the primacy of state power. This interpretation, which viewed the current issues of the day in connection with Hus’ struggle, continued up until the last days of the 20th century. There is a lack of understanding of the true essence of Hus’ efforts in the contemporary Post-modern perception of the world, however. The logical results of this misunderstanding are recurrent, outdated explanations involving stereotypes, simplification and a tabloid approach.

11

Booksellers’ networks between the German and Hungarian book markets in the late 18th century

63%

Bulková P.

Human Affairs

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2013

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vol. 23

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issue 3

359-372

EN

In the study the author focuses on various aspects of bookselling in the late 18th century. The author seeks to describe the book market environment and the booksellers’ community in Bratislava at that time. She therefore documents communication channels between booksellers in Bratislava and their colleagues in Germany (mainly in Leipzig, Halle, and Berlin).

12

Zmierzch bezpieczeństwa oświeceniowych paradygmatów i jutrzenka stereotypu popkultury: gotycyzm i preromantyzm

63%

Nawrocki R.

Świat i Słowo

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2013

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vol. 11

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issue 2(21)

83-94

EN

The article aims to depict the phenomenon of cultural changes at the turn of the 18th and 19th century. Gothicism characterized by that time is widely considered as a herald of Romanticism. However, the article approaches Gothicism as a decadent form of Classicism. The reason behind the appearance of Gothicism was in fact Enlightenment paradigms having become inefficient, and more precisely – as discussed in the article: - the end of seeking security in nature, - the end of trust in human mind, - the change of the position of women in society, - the change in perception of literature. The conclusion of the article links the first appearances of Gothicism with the later development of pop culture.

13

Obraz pasterzy w staropolskich kolędach i pastorałkach (na materiale tzw. „Kantyczek karmelitańskich” z XVII i XVIII wieku)

63%

Borejszo M.

Slavia Occidentalis

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2012

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issue 69

23-44

PL

The image of shepherds in old Polish Christmas carols and pastoral Christmas carols (based on the material provided by the so-called Carmelite Canticles “Kantyczki karmelitańskie” from the 17th and the 18th centuries) Summary The article discusses the images of shepherds, that have come to be identified with Christmas, as they were created in Christmas carol songs written by Polish authors through the seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries. The study covers 358 songs included in the so-called “Kantyczki karmelitańskie” (Carmelitan Canticles) compiled and written down in the eighteenth century (presumably from the 1720s to the end of the century) for the use of the Cracow-based Carmelite nuns. In 1980, the collection of songs was published by Barbara Krzyżaniak (see Kantyczki karmelitańskie. Rękopis z XVIII wieku, przygotowała do wydania B. Krzyżaniak, Kraków 1980, 419). A thorough analysis of the collection has made it possible to identify that a large portion of the Christmas carols that introduce the pastoral thread make up for the bulk of the manuscript under scrutiny (about 46 per cent of the texts). These are original songs, deeply embedded in Old Polish social and natural reality (with mainly pastoral and rustic setting), and thus easily reaching a wide audience of the time. The image of shepherds reconstructed on the basis of the works in the collection includes such elements as: 1) Christian names, surnames (patronymics), and nicknames of shepherds (in all, more than 140 anthroponyms, included in the appendix); 2) characteristic physical and psychological features attributed to particular members of the community of shepherds; 3) the set of social rules governing the relations within the group; 4) particular distinctive and characteristic elements of represented world in which the community operated (e.g. shepherd’s attires, home utensils and equipment to be used for agricultural production, food and dairy products, farm animals and musical instruments). The author claims that the informative nature of the texts clearly indicates that the image of shepherds preserved in Christmas carols had been succumbed to a far-reaching Polonisation process. The settings for the Christmas carol songs were thus purposefully and consistently embedded in Polish local and authentic reality, which undoubtedly gave them mass appeal to people across a wide spectrum of social sectors. Keywords: literature, the Enlightenment, religious lyric poetry, song, Christmas carol, pastoral Christmas carol, religion, Christmas

14

Humanistyka zaangażowana: wizja czy rzeczywistość?

51%

Wolff-Powęska A.

ER(R)GO: Teoria – Literatura – Kultura

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2023

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issue 47

167-184

EN

Recent wailing over the condition of the humanities is an integral part of a greater debate on the crisis of democracy, identity, the Enlightenment, the critique of globalisation, and post-modernity. What is more, such lamentation expresses human helplessness as we confront the radicalisation of political movements and parties connected to the inevitable process of rapidly progressing and all-encompassing civilisational and cultural change. Among the factors influencing its perception, the sense of generational alienation actively co-creating the democratic order in Central and Eastern Europe after 1989, as well as of the Western elites involved in deepening European integration, has to be first and foremost considered. Their values were in ruins. The ambivalent and double-edged nature of the transformation of almost all spheres of life, the complexity and contradictions inherent in social and political change brought about a sense of unease, reinforced by the unpredictability of the COVID-19 pandemic and an all-embracing crisis of the sense of social security.

PL

Współczesny lament nad kondycją humanistyki stanowi integralny element zataczającej coraz szersze kręgi debaty na temat kryzysu demokracji, tożsamości, oświecenia, krytyki globalizacji, postnowoczesności. Jest wreszcie wyrazem bezradności człowieka w obliczu radykalizacji ruchów i partii politycznych wobec nieuniknionego procesu coraz gwałtowniejszych i wszechogarniających cywilizacyjnych i kulturowych zmian. Wśród czynników rzutujących na jej postrzeganie na pierwszy plan wysuwa się poczucie wyobcowania generacji aktywnie współtworzącej porządek demokratyczny w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej po 1989 roku, jak i zachodnich elit zaangażowanych w pogłębienie integracji europejskiej. Ich świat wartości legł w gruzach. Ambiwalencja i obosieczność transformacji niemal wszystkich dziedzin życia, złożoność i sprzeczności wpisane niemal w naturę przemian społecznych i politycznych przyniosły w konsekwencji poczucie niepokoju, wzmocnione przez nieprzewidywalność rozwoju pandemii COVID-19 oraz wszechogarniający kryzys poczucia bezpieczeństwa społecznego.

15

Kryzys antropologiczny a unijna polityka

51%

Mazurkiewicz P.

Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne

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2017

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vol. 26

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issue 2

69-89

XX

The Enlightenment did not suggest resignation from a great narration and did not postulate to replace it with some minimalistic proposal of a lay state which openly confesses that it is not interested and does not have any competence in the area of religion. It did not pass homo religiosus indifferently. It introduced into the politics an idea of the state and public space which is free from Catholic narration, originally for a civic religion, then for worldview neutrality. On behalf of the thesis of the end of great narrations, with time it introduced a great narration of “naked public space”, which – due to its exclusivity demand – became a part of a political program for social promotion of atheism. The article presents the influence of the Enlightenment on the European culture, and in particular it pays attention to the anthropological crisis in Europe which is the consequence of the anti-Christian character of this trend. Contemporary EU politics is a continuation of the Enlightenment ideas.

16

(Nie)przyjemne zabawy wierszem pod okiem redaktora Naruszewicza

51%

Zając G., Uniwersytet Jagielloński W. P., grzegorz.zajac@uj.edu.pl

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica

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2016

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vol. 34

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issue 4

EN

Words of Jan Albertrandi which he said in 1770, explaining the reasons for publishing the magazine ‘Zabawy Przyjemne i Pożyteczne’, expressed an enthusiasm about the possibility of achieving by Poles the state of the spiritual and intellectual maturity in a short time. The result of such attitude of the editor was his willingness to provide to potential readers of the magazine the entertainment meeting their expectations, characterizing post‑Sarmatian customs. Quite quickly however in ‘Zabawy…’ there appeared the opinions of people whose point of view was different than that one of Albertrandi, because of their critical assessment of the condition of Polish Enlightenment elites. Perhaps the most important of such voices was a text of very young poet Tomasz Kajetan Węgierski. The significance of his ode (About disrespect towards learned men) was largely the result of the fact that it was addressed to Adam Naruszewicz, not only one of the leading figures of the magazine from the very beginning of its existence but also the man being the favourite poet of King Stanisław August Poniatowski. The undertone of this work was harmonizing, paradoxically, to the meaning of numerous poems, also printed in that time in ‘Zabawy…’, directed against Bar confederates and written in the circle of people close to the king, like Antoni Korwin Kossakowski, the author of the poem entitled To the Nation and Posterity.

17

Становление жанровой формы путешествия в Россию во французской литературе XVIII века

51%

Корзина Н.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Rossica

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2021

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issue 14

17-25

EN

The article is devoted to the book by Jean Chappe d’Auteroche Voyage en Sibérie fait par ordre du roi en 1761, which laid the foundation for the development of that variety of the genre form of travelogue about Russia which is commonly called Russophobic. Its main features are 1) a biased attitude towards the country as barbaric, backward, populated by an unenlightened, immoral people, threatening the entire European world with its aggressiveness, 2) stereotyped assessments, 3) rejection of everything unique and unfamiliar to Europeans and therefore found condemnable. The book by Chappe d’Auteroche was the product of the beliefs widespread in the late French Enlightenment that it was necessary to destroy “the Russian mirage” and to return to the European stereotype of perception of the country as an epitome of barbarism. Such a view became the first generic feature of Russophobic travelogues. This was fiercely resisted by Catherine II, whose Antidote was not only an attempt to refute the judgments of Chappe d’Auteroche, but also the beginning of an information war between Europe and Russia. The illwill underlying the opinions of Chappe d’Auteroche about the country had alarmed Mikhail Lomonosov four years before the publication of the book by the French author. The French astronomer gave a merciless assessment of the despotic form of government in Russia and its consequences but remained bound by the stereotypes generally accepted in the West regarding the country that he had not studied well. The book is characterised by the following: intolerance and lack of understanding for other cultures, arrogance towards everything Russian as obviously flawed, an eagerness to judge the entire life of Russia without having studied and understood the country (influenced by political ambience and the reluctance to allow Russia on equal terms into the circle of European states), and relying on cultural stereotypes. All these became the main genre features of the travelogue about Russia, of which Chappe d’Auteroche can be called the creator.

RU

Статья посвящена книге Ж. Шапп д’Отроша Путешествие в Сибирь по приказу ко- роля в 1761 году, положившей начало развитию той модификации жанровой формы траве- лога о России, которую принято называть русофобской. Основными ее чертами являются предвзятое отношение к стране как варварской, отсталой, населенной непросветленным, безнравственным народом, несущей угрозу всему европейскому миру своей агрессивностью; стереотипность оценок, неприятие всего самобытного и незнакомого европейцу и пото- му достойного осуждения. Книга Ж. Шапп д’Отроша была плодом свойственных позднему французскому Просвещению убеждений в необходимости разрушения «русского миража» и возвращения к европейскому стереотипу восприятия страны как олицетворения варвар- ства, что стало первым жанровым признаком русофобских травелогов. Этому отчаянно со- противлялась Екатерина II, Антидот которой был не только попыткой опровержения суж- дений Шапп д’Отроша, но и началом информационной войны между Европой и Россией. Недоброжелательность мнений Шапп д’Отроша о стране встревожилa М. В. Ломоносова еще за четыре года до выхода в свет книги французского автора. Аббат дал беспощадную оценку деспотической форме правления в России и её следствиям, но оставался в плену принятых на Западе стереотипов в отношении плохо изученной им страны. Нетерпимость и непонима- ние иной культуры, высокомерие в отношении ко всему русскому как заведомо ущербному, стремление дать оценку всей жизни России, совсем не изучив и не поняв страны, следование политической конъюнктуре, основанной на нежелании допускать Россию на равных в круг европейских государств, зависимость от культурных стереотипов – всё это и определило ос- новные жанровые признаки травелога о России, созданного Ж. Шапп д’Отрошем.

18

Im dłuższa noc, tym więcej gwiazd. Krótka rzecz o średniowieczu

51%

Wiśniewski R.

Studia Elbląskie

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2019

|

vol. 20

161-175

EN

In the article, I oppose the prevalent opinions that the Middle Ages were „dark ages” during which no progress was made. Renaissance and Enlightenment influenced this interpretationof the Middle Ages today. In the article, I demonstrate that Enlightenment theories of progress could not arise without Saint Augustine’s linear time concept. I also remind that the scientificrevolution took place in the Middle Ages: universities were formed and the revitalization of ancient Greek thought was initiated. In the second part of the article, I present a few antinomies from Jacques Le Goff’s and Nicolas Truong’s book "History of the Body in the Middle Ages" and using the Hegel dialectic method, I try to prove that development in the Middle Ages took place on the principle of opposites. For example, from different interpretations of the role of the female body (Eve–Mary: first seen as a temptress, the second as a redeemer), the role of women in the Middle Ages society is rising and the slow acceptance process for nakedness begins.

PL

W pracy przeciwstawiam się powszechnie dominującym opiniom, jakoby średniowiecze było „ciemnymi wiekami”, w których nie dokonywał się żaden postęp. Na taki obraz wieków średnich współcześnie, niebagatelny wpływ miał renesans i oświecenie. W tekście pokazuję, że powszechnie formułowane teorie postępu w oświeceniu, nigdy nie mogłyby powstać, bez linearnej koncepcji czasu św. Augustyna. Ponadto przypominam, że to właśnie w średniowieczu nastąpiła rewolucja naukowa: powstały uniwersytety oraz zapoczątkowano rewitalizację starożytnej myśli. W drugiej części pracy, posiłkując się średniowiecznymi antynomiami Jacquesa Le Goffa i Nicolasa Truonga z książki Historia ciała w średniowieczu i wykorzystując metodę dialektyczną Hegla, próbuję pokazać, że rozwój w średniowieczu można interpretować w sposób dialektyczny. Na przykład, ze sprzecznej interpretacji roli kobiecego ciała: Ewa-Maryja (pierwsza widziana jako kusicielka, druga jako odkupicielka), rodzi się w średniowiecznym świecie potrzeba podniesienia roli kobiety w społeczeństwie, ale też zaczyna się powolny proces akceptacji nagości.

19

Franciszek Karpiński – A hallmark sentimental writer?

51%

Zając G., Zając G.

Ruch Literacki

|

2019

|

issue 5

20

Dwaj satyrycy o wyrodnych potomkach zacnych przodków: Krzysztof Opaliński i Adam Naruszewicz

51%

Obremski K.

Śląskie Studia Polonistyczne

|

2015

|

issue 1(6)

53-67

EN

Both analysed satires, the one from the mid-17th century and the other written one hundred years later, are connected by a relationship of “incompatible compatibility”; after all, their authors presented as reprehensible what they saw differently: whereas Opaliński criticized lower gentry and upper gentry, Naruszewicz criticised only the latter. The most general meaning of both texts is as follows: the idea of nobility and its social practice are usually divergent, and therefore, opposing. Both satirists can be regarded as republicans, yet, this ideological bond is undermined by the radicalism of the descendant of an aristocratic family and moderate democratism of the Pińsk master of the hunt.

FR

Les deux satires analysées ici – celle de la moitié du XVIIe siècle et celle publiée cent vingt ans plus tard – sont unies par la relation d’une « concordance discordante » du fait que leurs auteurs présentaient comme répréhensible tout ce qu’ils percevaient différemment : Opaliński critiquait la « noblesse mineure » ainsi que la « noblesse majeure » ; tandis que Naruszewicz critiquait seulement la seconde. On peut présenter l’éloquence la plus générale des deux textes d’une manière suivante : l’idée de noblesse et sa réalisation sociale s’avèrent généralement disjointes, et par conséquent – opposées. On peut dire que les deux satiristes étaient républicains, mais à cette unité idéologique s’opposent le radicalisme du descendant d’une famille de magnats, et le démocratisme modéré du fils d’un maître de chasse de Pinsk.

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