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EN
This article is about the theology of Jesuits in the First Vatican Council (1869-1870). This theology is neo-scholastic and ultramontain, known in the literature as the Roman School. Here's a catholic response to an unstable period of the nineteenth century, full of revolutions andcounter-revolutions. We can point some of characteristics of the Roman School: 1 / recognition a primary act of faith as an irrational. Grace to the decision in favor of the faith, the world can be rationally explained. 2 / Theology is evolutionary, but teleological. 3 / The Bishop of Rome watches over the truth of rational explanations of the world and the development of theology. Pope separates truth from error. For this reason, must be infallible in matters of dogma and needs to have full authority in the Catholic Church.
EN
The second part of the article concerns the political thought of the Roman School, . the issue that has received rather marginal treatment This problem is marginal in the reflection on this movement. However, the author argues that the theology and ecclesiology of the Roman School have a political dimension, because they is were constructed immediately after the Spring of Nations (1848-1849). Moreover, the Roman School put emphasis on Highlighting elements of thought such concepts as authority and tradition, which had in the nineteenth century have a counter-revolutionary character in the nineteenth century. dimension. Although generally rather few writings of theologians of that time touched upon in the politics political matters, nevertheless when they did produce such politically inclined writings, are about the following topics could be distinguished: 1 / open criticism of political, social and cultural liberalism; 2 / affirmation of the traditional view in the relationship between of the state and the Catholic Church, with the former in subordinate position to the latter here the state is in position of subordination; 3 / affirmation of papal infallibility in political issues , and 4 / defense of the independence and integrity of the Papal States.
EN
This article is a part of a greater research project whose subject is the renewed look at the ecclesiology of the Second Vatican Council. Its goal is to present the new ecclesiology during the period of the Council through the eyes of the Church’s Catholic Social Teaching. This will mean searching for a response to the question of which way the development of ecclesiological thought influences the Church’s social reflection within the framework of her social teaching and the moral life of society. Gaudium et spes, the Constitution on the Church in the Modern World, will be presented as the center of the discourse and will also indicate the scope of the undertaken analyses. The project will be in the form of a triptych that will be continued in further editions of “Roczniki Teologiczne” (Theological Annual). The immediate purpose for undertaking this topic is the fiftieth anniversary of the last Vatican Council (1962-1965), and in a particular way the pastoral Constitution Gaudium et spes. The first part of the triptych has as its assignment presenting the main sources of the ecclesiology of Vaticanum II and its reforms. In it, the author included the heritage of Vatican Council I, the first of the ecumenical councils where the issue of the Church became the center of Conciliar debates, even if this was only occasionally done at various moments. It was also a summary of a certain period in the history of theological thought and, in its own way, lead Catholic theology onto a new track. Apart from the contribution of the First Vatican Council, we will also point to the most important popes in the period of the last two Ecumenical Councils, as well as to a series of outstanding theologians who, particularly after the First World War and during the period of the Council, undertook ecclesiological issues in their research work.
PL
Artykuł jest częścią większego projektu badawczego, którego przedmiotem jest ponowne spojrzenie na eklezjologię Soboru Watykańskiego II. Jego celem jest ukazanie odnowy eklezjologicznej w okresie Soboru przez pryzmat społecznego posłannictwa Kościoła. Będzie to oznaczało poszukiwanie odpowiedzi na pytanie, w jaki sposób rozwój myśli eklezjologicznej wpłynął na społeczną refleksję Kościoła w ramach jego nauki społecznej i moralności życia społecznego. W centrum dyskursu zostanie postawiona Konstytucja duszpasterska o Kościele w świecie współczesnym Gaudium et spes, która także wyznaczy zakres podjętych analiz. Projekt przyjmie postać tryptyku, który będzie kontynuowany w kolejnych tomach „Roczników Teologicznych”. Bezpośrednią okazją do podjęcia tego tematu jest 50. rocznica ostatniego Soboru (1962-1965), a w sposób szczególny rocznica publikacji Konstytucji pastoralnej Gaudium et spes. Część I tryptyku ma za zadanie ukazać główne źródła eklezjologii Vaticanum II i jej odnowy, do których autor zaliczył dorobek I Soboru Watykańskiego, pierwszego spośród soborów ekumenicznych, na którym problematyka Kościoła stała się centrum debat soborowych, nawet jeśli czyniono okazjonalnie. Był on także podsumowaniem pewnego okresu w historii myśli teologicznej i – na swój sposób – naprowadził teologię katolicką na nowe tory. Oprócz wkładu Soboru Watykańskiego I przyjdzie wskazać także na najważniejszych papieży okresu między dwoma ostatnimi Soborami ekumenicznymi, jak i na szereg wybitnych teologów, którzy – zwłaszcza po I wojnie światowej i w okresie samego Soboru – w swoich badaniach podejmowali problematykę eklezjologiczną.
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