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1

Leon Kozłowski (1892-1944) – krakowski etap życia naukowca, żołnierza, polityka

100%
Woźny M.
Przegląd Archeologiczny
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2021
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vol. 69
243-278
EN
Leon Kozłowski (1892-1944), the outstanding prehistorian, soldier, and politician, was connected with Kraków from the beginning of his studies until he obtained his postdoctoral degree. He studied natural sciences and then archaeology at the Jagiellonian University while being also an unofficial assistant at the Archaeological Museum of the Academy of Arts and Sciences in Kraków. The Academy appointed him to explore Lusatian cemeteries near Tarnobrzeg, to excavate a Palaeolithic site in Jaksice (former Miechów district), megalithic graves in Kuyavia, and the Mammoth Cave in the Polish Jura. He collected materials for the Academy during a scientific expedition to the Crimea and the Caucasus organized by Robert Rudolf Schmidt (1882-1950) from the University of Tübingen. During the First World War, Kozłowski joined the Polish Legions and was thus involved in the struggle for Polish independence. He moved to Warsaw to write his doctoral thesis based on the collection of the Erazm Majewski Museum and then defended it in Tübingen. After he gained his postdoctoral degree in Kraków, he took the chair of prehistory in Lwów/Lviv and his contacts with the Jagiellonian University and the Academy of Arts and Sciences in Kraków came to a close. It was only in 1935 that he was elected a corresponding member of the Academy.
2
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Jan Hulewicz (1907–1980) – profesor, społecznik, ludowiec

100%
Szymborski W.
Przegląd Historyczno-Oświatowy
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2023
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vol. LXVI
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issue 1-2
122-167
EN
Aim: The aim of the article was to show biography of Professor Jan Hulewicz, who was not only a distinguished scholar but an important member of the government in exile during the Second World War. Methods: An analysis of archival materials – manuscripts and unpublished materials kept in the Jagiellonian University Archive, the Institute of National Remembrance, resources of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences in Cracow), and articles and publications. Results: On the basis of all archival materials, the biography of Jan Hulewicz was shown. Just before the outbreak of the Second World War, Jan Hulewicz obtained “habilitacja” at the Jagiellonian University, he was supposed to start lectures in October 1939. After his return to Poland, he continued to work at the Jagiellonian University. Jan Hulewicz was involved in various activities of the Polish government in exile during the Second World War, for instance noteworthy is managing the Fund for National Culture (Pol. Fundusz Kultury Narodowej) described in the article. After the Second World War Jan Hulewicz was several times interrogated by members of the Ministry of Public Security as during the war he worked with Professor Stanisław Kot who was treated as an enemy for the new government in Poland created by the communist party. Conclusions: Profesor Jan Hulewicz who was not only a distinguished scholar but also an important member of the government in exile during the Second World War.
3
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Studenckie lata Zofii Izabelli Łuszczkiewicz

84%
Perkowska U.
Nasza Przeszłość. Studia z dziejów Kościoła i kultury katolickiej w Polsce
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2014
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vol. 122
125-138
PL
Ważnym etapem w rozwoju umysłowym Zofii Izabeli Łuszczkiewicz były jej studia uniwersyteckie. Zgodnie z tradycją rodzinną odbyła je na uniwersytecie Jagiellońskim. Studiowała tam w latach 1917/18-1921/22. W okresie tym kobiety miały już na krakowskiej uczelni dość ugruntowaną pozycję chociaż nie zostały całkowicie zrównane w prawach w mężczyznami. Pierwsze trzy studentki pojawiły się w Krakowie w r. 1894, na Wydział filozoficzny zostały formalnie dopuszczone w r. 1897 na lekarski w r. 1900 natomiast na prawo dopiero w r. 1900. Zofia Łuszczkiewicz studiowała na Wydziale Filozoficznym nauki chemiczne. Uczęszczała na wykłady i ćwiczenia wybitnych uczonych takich jak Karola Dziewońskiego profesora chemii organicznej, Tadeusza Estreichera kierownika katedry chemii nieorganicznej i analitycznej wybitnego erudyty i popularyzatora wiedzy ora Bohdana Szyszkowskiego specjalisty z zakresu termodynamiki. Poza zajęciami z wybranego kierunku studiów uzupełniała wiedzę w zakresie biologii na wykładach Władysława Szafera, fizyki i u Władysława Natansona a także na prelekcjach z filozofii prowadzonych przez Witolda Rubczyńskiego i Władysława Heinricha. Uzyskała zaliczenia ze wszystkich obowiązujących przedmiotów otrzymując w dn 4 X 1922 absolutorium. Na uczelni krakowskiej zdobyła rzetelną wiedzę a także uczestniczyła w działalności społecznej (Koło Chemików) i miała możliwość pogłębienia religijności w Sodalicji Mariańskiej.
EN
University studies, conducted in accordance with the family tradition at the Jagiel-lonian University, in the years 1917/18-1921/22, were an important stage in the intel-lectual development of Zofia Izabella Łuszczkiewicz. In this period, the position of women at the University was quite well-established, although their rights were not yet equal to those of men. The first three female students appeared in Cracow in 1894, they were formally accepted by the Faculty of Philosophy in 1897, by the Faculty of Medicine in 1900, while by the Faculty of Law only in 1900. Zofia Łuszczkiewicz studied chemical sciences at the Faculty of Philosophy. She attended lectures and classes of outstanding scientists such as Karol Dziewoński, professor of organic chemistry, Tadeusz Estreicher, the head of the department of inorganic and analytical chemistry, a distinguished erudite and science populariser and Bohdan Szyszkowski, a specialist in thermodynamics. Apart from classes in the chosen branch of studies, she supplemented her knowledge in biology at the lectures of Władysław Szafer, in physics at the lectures of Władysław Natanson as well as philosophical lectures of Witold Rubczyński and Władysław Heinrich. She received her credits from all com-pulsory subjects and graduated on October 4, 1922. At the Jagiellonian University, she gained solid knowledge, participated in social activity (Chemistry Circle) and had a possibility to develop her religiosity in Marian Sodality.
4

Calikowscy – krakowscy wytwórcy przyrządów naukowych

67%
Wyka E.
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
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2019
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vol. 64
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issue 2
79–103
EN
The article presents biographical entries and professional achievements of three makers of scientific instruments from the Jagiellonian University in Krakow, who were related with each other: Roman Calikowski (1886–1940), his brother Ludwik Calikowski (1889–1961) and Roman’s son Roman Julian (1915–1986). These mechanics worked at the Jagiellonian University between 1904 and 1962/1963. Two brothers, Roman and Ludwik, were associated with the University throughout their professional life. During their tenure, the University’s research in the field of low temperatures continued, which was initiated in 1883 by Zygmunt Wróblewski (1845–1888) and Karol Olszewski (1846–1915). The main scientific achievement of these researchers was the liquefaction of oxygen, nitrogen and other solid gases. In the late 19th century, Kraków was an important center of cryogenic research, in which the mechanics played important role. Roman Calikowski made instruments for liquefying gases according to the design of Karol Olszewski. Liquefiers from his workshop were ordered, inter alia, by universities in Chicago, Mumbai and Madrid. A few instruments from his workshop have been preserved in the collections of the Jagiellonian University. Ludwik Calikowski worked as a maker of scientific instruments in a university cryogenic laboratory. He served and maintained the apparatus for liquefying gases and made instruments, although none have survived to this day. Roman Julian Calikowski took over the workshop after his father. Until 1950 he ran his own company, which made simple small microscopes, surveing instruments, psychotechnical devices and other instruments. After moving to Warsaw, he devoted himself to scientific work. Roman Calikowski’s products, especially cryogenic apparatus, represented a high level of workmanship and safety. This is evidenced by numerous orders for its liquefiers submitted by foreign laboratories. The company of Roman Julian Calikowski, apart from a wide range of instruments it offered, used to repair photographic and measuring equipment.
5
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O pierwszych pokoleniach inteligencji polskiej chłopskiego pochodzenia. Na kanwie dwu książek Andrzeja Kazimierza Banacha

67%
Fitowa A.
Biuletyn Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej
|
2014
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vol. 64
185-218
PL
Artykuł jest głosem historyka ruchu ludowego wywołanym toczącą się dyskusją na temat poczucia „wstydu” za chłopskie pochodzenie. W szczególności dotyczy on zapoczątkowanego w 2. połowie XIX wieku procesu wyrastania spośród chłopów inteligencji (z czasem też twórczej), przy równoczesnym bardzo silnie zakorzenionym zarówno w niej samej, jak i w całym ówczesnym społeczeństwie poczuciu „niższości” chłopów. Poczucie to skutkowało niejednokrotnie zacieraniem jego śladów owego pochodzenia, określanym przez światlejsze umysły – z oczywistą przyganą – jako „wysferzanie się”. Artykuł wskazuje też na niektóre historyczne przesłanki tak ukształtowanej polskiej mentalności stanowej i na bardzo wolny proces jej przemiany. Materiał faktograficzny, ilościowy, biograficzny, a także bibliograficzny do charakterystyki w tym artykule pierwszych pokoleń polskiej inteligencji chłopskiego pochodzenia, wykształconej w Uniwersytecie Jagiellońskim w latach 1860–1918, zaczerpnięty został z dwu książek prof. UJ Andrzeja Kazimierza Banacha. Pierwsza z nich, wydana w roku 1997, a zatytułowana Młodzież chłopska na Uniwersytecie Jagiellońskim w latach 1860/61–1917/18 zawiera zbiorczą i imienną charakterystykę 3480 studentów z 4 istniejących wówczas wydziałów Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, to jest filozoficznego, teologicznego, prawniczego i lekarskiego. Druga natomiast, wydana w 2009 roku – Kariery zawodowe studentów Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego pochodzenia chłopskiego z lat 1860/1861–1917/1918 – przedstawia w części pierwszej przebieg owych karier, to jest awansów w dziedzinie zawodowej, publicznej i naukowej dla wybranych kilkudziesięciu postaci. W drugiej zaś części zawiera Słownik biobibliograficzny karier zawodowych dla tychże absolwentów, zawierający 1421 nazwisk. Jego ogromnym walorem jest dołączona do każdej postaci bibliografia drukowana i rękopiśmienna, wraz z sygnaturami poszczególnych zespołów akt, co czyni z tej części książki rodzaj vademecum do polskiej biografistyki.
EN
This article is the voice of a historian of the peasant movement, brought forward by the discussion about the stigma of peasant origin. It concerns particularly the formation of a new type of intelligentsia (including artists) who recruited from the peasantry, but also touches the subject of the conviction about the inferiority of peasants. This prejudice, deeply rooted both in the minds of these new members of intelligentsia as well as in those of the rest of the society, frequently compelled them to erase the traces of their origin. Such a tendency was labelled by the more enlightened minds as “breaking out of one's social class”. This article also discusses some historical premises of the Polish class mentality as well as the slow process of its transformation. The factual, statistical, biographical and bibliographical material used in this article to characterise the first generations of the Polish intelligentsia of peasant origin, educated at the Jagiellonian University from 1860–1918, comes from two studies by Professor Andrzej Kazimierz Banach. The first of these, entitled “Young Peasants at the Jagiellonian University from 1860–1861 to 1917–1918” and published in 1997, contains the collective and individual characteristics of 3480 students of the four then existing departments of the Jagiellonian University, i.e. the philosophical, theological, juridical, and medical one. The second book, entitled “The Professional Careers of the Jagiellonian University Students of Peasant Origin from 1860–1861 to 1917–1918” and published in 2009, presents, in the first part, the course of the professional, public and academic careers of a select group of several dozen people. The second part of this publication, entitled “The Bio-bibliographical Dictionary of the Professional Careers”, contains the surnames of 1421 people. One of the great advantages of this dictionary is the bibliography. Each surname is accompanied by the bibliography related to its owner, including the shelf marks of particular files, which renders the whole book a specific vade mecum of the Polish biography.
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