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The issue regarding “the reform of the union” of Lublin in Lithuanian policy in the period of three interregna following the death of king Sigismund Augustus (1572–1588)

100%

Kempa T.

Zapiski Historyczne

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2014

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vol. 79

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issue 4

53-88

PL

The Union of Lublin signed in 1569 between Poland and Lithuania created a kind of federation of two states ruled by one monarch elected by the szlachta from both states; moreover, both states had a common parliament and ran a common foreign and defence policy. The magnates, who played the key role in Lithuanian politics, unlike the Lithuanian szlachta – were not fully satisfied with the resolutions of the union of Lublin. Earlier they wanted to establish a less strict relationship with Poland, maintaining separate parliamentary systems. Nevertheless, King Sigismund Augustus’s support for the idea of a closer union, which was forced by the Poles, determined the shape of the new union. Additionally, in 1569 the Grand Duchy of Lithuania lost vast areas including the Kievan land, Volhynia, Bratslav land and Podlachia, which constituted over a third of the whole territory of the state. Lithuanian dignitaries found it extremely humiliating, for it was the king who fulfilled the demands of the Poles and incorporated the areas into Poland despite Lithuanian protests. After the death of Sigismund Augustus during the subsequent interregna (1572–1573, 1575–1576, 1586–1587) the leading Lithuanian magnates, particularly Mikołaj Radziwiłł ‘Rudy’ [‘the Red’] , Mikołaj Krzysztof Radziwiłł ‘Sierotka’ [‘the Orphan’] and Jan Chodkiewicz planned to regain the territories. They referred to the plan as the “reform of the union”. However, it turned out that they could not carry out the project without the support of the magnates and szlachta from the incorporated lands. The term the “reform of the union” also meant other changes that would secure the Grand Duchy of Lithuania a more equal position in the union with Poland. Few Lithuanian demands were fulfilled by the Polish party and the subsequent monarchs. Nevertheless, the confirmation of the new codification of Lithuanian law (III Statute) by King Sigismund III in 1588, which consolidated and, in some points, even extended the Lithuanian autonomy, was a momentous event for the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

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Tekst Unii lubelskiej jako dokument epoki

86%

Dubisz S.

Poradnik Językowy

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2020

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vol. 779

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issue 10

31-43

EN

The union concluded at the Sejm meeting held in Lublin in 1569 established common institutions of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, thus creating the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which survived until 1795. Apart from the ruler elected jointly by the nobility of both countries, it established the common Sejm, foreign and defence policies, and the common coin. The army, treasury, legal systems, administration, and judiciary remained separate. From the philological point of view, the following markers are substantial for characterising the Union of Lublin act: the Polish language of the text and its stylistic affi nity, diversity of the forms of the names of the document signatories, text composition and its offi cial and rhetoric style markers determining its informative and persuasive functions.

3

Ukraina XVII wieku między Polską a Moskwą

58%

Chynczewska-Hennel T.

Studia Polsko-Ukraińskie

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2017

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vol. 4

PL

Ukraine was incorporated to the Crown (the Kingdom of Poland) under the Act of Union of Lublin, establishing the Commonwealth of Two Nations. The article presents the most important causes of the process of Ukraine’s gradual separation from the Commonwealth. It points out the role of Cossacks and also deals with the religious issues in the 17th century. It shows the causes of the Cossack Uprisings including the most significant one from 1648, as well as the politics of its leader, Bohdan Chmielnicki, who used to oscillate between Poland and Moscow.

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Szkice do portretu szlachcianki w dawnej Rzeczypospolitej: dokumenty dotyczące Rainy Gniewoszówny Strzyżewskiej w zbiorach Wojewódzkiej Biblioteki Publicznej im. Hieronima Łopacińskiego w Lublinie

44%

Baran A.

Bibliotekarz Lubelski

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2019

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issue 62

71-94

EN

This article is devoted to the noblewoman Raina Gniewoszówna Strzyżewska – a figure little known in historiography. During the period of her independent economic activities, she gathered into her possession substantial estates in Lutsk and the suburbs. The analysis of the sources concerning this woman made it possible to reveal little-known or even unknown pages of Lutsk's history of the 16th century.

RU

Статья посвящена шляхтянке Раине Гневошовне Стрижевской – персоне, мало известной в историографии. В период самостоятельной хозяйственной активности она сосредотачивала в своих руках значительные земельные владения в Луцке и его пригородах. Анализ источников, касающихся этой женщины, позволил раскрыть малоизвестные или, даже, неизвестные страницы истории Луцка XVI века.

PL

Artykuł poświęcony jest szlachciance Rainie Gniewoszównie Strzyżewskiej – postaci mało znanej w historiografii. W okresie swej samodzielnej aktywności gospodarczej skupiała ona w swych rękach znaczne posiadłości ziemskie w Łucku i na przedmieściach. Analiza źródeł dotyczących tej kobiety pozwała odsłonić mało lub wręcz nieznane karty historii Łucka w XVI w.

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The issue regarding “the reform of the union” of Lublin in Lithuanian policy in the period of three interregna following the death of king Sigismund Augustus (1572–1588)

Tekst Unii lubelskiej jako dokument epoki

Ukraina XVII wieku między Polską a Moskwą

Szkice do portretu szlachcianki w dawnej Rzeczypospolitej: dokumenty dotyczące Rainy Gniewoszówny Strzyżewskiej w zbiorach Wojewódzkiej Biblioteki Publicznej im. Hieronima Łopacińskiego w Lublinie