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PL
Artykuł przedstawia poglądy twórcy „materialnej etyki wartości” – Maxa Schelera na temat natury i hierarchii wartości w kontekście zagadnień pedagogicznych. Autor ukazuje wartości jako istniejące obiektywnie właściwości realnego świata, które odkrywamy za pomocą intuicji. Życie emocjonalne człowieka nie stanowi chaosu, ponieważ człowiek poznaje wartości w porządku hierarchicznym oraz uchwytuje ich specyfikę i zachodzące między nimi zależności. Opisany w ten sposób „świat wartości” zachęca do rozwijania własnego człowieczeństwa opartego na porządku wartości i wysiłku zdobywania tego co najcenniejsze, nie zaniedbując przy tym wartości należących do niższych szczebli hierarchii. Poglądy Schelera skłaniają do krytycznego podejścia i szacunku wobec etosu, w którym się uczestniczy. Cele i ideały wychowania powinny być oparte na etyce miłości, dzięki której dokonuje się prawdziwe i pełne poznanie człowieka.
EN
The article presents the views of the creator of "material ethics of values" - Max Scheler on the nature and hierarchy of values in the context of pedagogical issues. The author shows values as objectively existing properties of the real world, which we discover through intuition. Emotional life of a man is not chaos, because man discovers values in a hierarchical order and recognizes their specificity and relationships between them. The "world of values" described in this way encourages the development of one's humanity based on the order of values and the effort to acquire the most valuable without neglecting the values belonging to the lower levels of the hierarchy. Scheler's views lead to a critical approach and respect for his ethos. Pedagogical objectives and ideals should be based on the ethics of love, through which true and full knowledge of man is made.
EN
The paper attempts to recognize the values from the psychological perspective. It focuses on the description of this multifaceted concepts and attempts to define and operationalize the values and their systems together with hierarchies and indicate their impact on individuals and society. Paper tends to subjective analysis and individual approach to values. It describes their meaning and importance for the proper human mental development and their impact on achieving optimal well-being. Paper presents theories of value in conceptualization of Scheler, Rokeach, Kluckhohn and Schwartz and attempts to identify integrative approach and the application of the values theory in axiotherapy.
EN
Human life is a continuous process of realizing values that reflect the meaning, the way of functioning in the world and thinking about it. The preferred system of values depend on the specific unit. Once prized traditional values - "God, Honor, Country" were the recession and had created in the society nihilism and skepticism. Considered canon medieval knight undoubtedly gradually gives way to the values of consumption, instrumental. In particular, it becomes clear that in young people, who increasingly represent the lack of real recognition of the value of higher education.
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