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EN
The purpose of this article is to substantiate the thesis that, in the Marvel 1602 series, there is a common denominator of the narrative mechanisms with which its author embeds fiction in history and reworks selected characters from the so-called mainstream Marvel continuity. As such denominator, I see the idea of repeatability of situational and behavioural patterns. With this end in view, I open this work by outlining how selected events of the so-called “age of heroes” are transplanted into the Elizabethan age. Second, I show how chosen Marvel characters are reworked to match the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century context. Third, I expand on the reiterative quality of the mechanisms the author uses for these purposes to support the view that the repeatability of situational and behavioural patterns is the main idea informing the narrative structure of Marvel 1602. In the conclusion section, I capitalise on the presented findings and suggest their potential implications.
EN
The 1990s saw significant political changes in countries like South African or Northern Ireland. Prior to the revolutionary transformation, the structure of those societies was marked by a rigid bipolar configuration. However, after the political watersheds, what could be observed in the public domain was a turn towards reconciliation. Regardless of its traumatic character, the past was to yield to ‘prospect for the future’. It quickly transpired, however, that the key to deconstruct- ing the walls dividing the societies lay nowhere else but in the past. And it was the local literary field where a discussion on the weight of remembering what has seemingly come to an end was initiated. This paper tries to illustrate that debate by a comparative analysis of two novels represen- tative of the respective cultural contexts: Playing in the Light (2006) by Z. Wicomb and Where They Were Missed (2006) by L. Caldwell.
EN
The paper treats Gernot Böhme’s project of new aesthetics as a signal of the advent of postmodern cosmology with the status of a philosophical theory. The main task of this study is to use some categories of Gernot Böhme’s aesthetics in discussing the processes of aestheticization of reality not only in terms of changes that occur between the human environment in the spatial but also in temporal dimension. The starting point is the analysis of aesthetic sense experience with a cognitive character. This experience is analyzed by Böhme within three main fields of aesthetic interest: nature, design, and art. The processes of aestheticizing reality blur the boundaries between the natural and the artificial to such an extent that the essence of aesthetic cognition should be investi-gated by analyzing nature together with design. Böhme’s categories of philosophy of nature can be utilized creatively to analyze aesthetic experience of the past. The phe-nomenon of the ephemeral and the concept of atmospheres take the rhythms of nature into account but it contrasts them with the human conception of time. The postmodern attitude towards time suggests a different theoretical approach that can be treated as the expansion of Böhme’s aesthetics, which is more focused on analyzing changes in space.
EN
The aim of this article is to interpret two novels by Róża Ostrowska (1926–1975) – Wyspa (1960) and unfinished, published posthumously Czas mój osobny (1977) – which occupy an important place in Polish literature of the 1950s and 1960s. These novels take place in two time-space – nowadays in Kashubia and in the past in the Vilnius region. For the writer, these are significant   autobiographical places. In the construction of the story and characters, Ostrowska used her own life experience. This is, therefore, a writing based on autobiography and self-fiction. The writer used personal experience to take up important issues regarding human existence (life, passing away, love, death) and identifying. In these novels, an important philosophy of humanity is inscribed. The basic key to reading them is time – an individual time, an interoralized one, a “separate one” – associated with human existence and the functioning of human memory. The way the time worked in these novels allowed the writer to introduce into the structure of her novel a myth of a place and an individual. Our analysis leads to interesting conclusions: first of all, Ostrowska’s prose turns out to be an original combination of autobiography (or rather self-fiction) with mythology, whose aim is not so much the elevation of past or present reality, but rather the creation of a kind of “necro-narration”, taken as if from the post-mortem perspective. Therefore, Wyspa and Mój czas osobny are not political, moral or psychologicalnovels, but mythical ones.
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest interpretacja dwu powieści Róży Ostrowskiej (1926–1975). Wyspa (1960) i nieukończony, wydany pośmiertnie Mój czas osobny (1977) zajmują ważne miejsce w polskiej literaturze lat 50. i 60. XX wieku. Akcja tych powieści  rozgrywa się w dwóch czasoprzestrzeniach – współcześnie na  Kaszubach i w przeszłości na Wileńszczyźnie. Dla pisarki są to  znaczące „miejsca autobiograficzne”. W budowie fabuły i kreacji  bohaterów Ostrowska wykorzystała własne doświadczenia życiowe, które stają się pretekstem do podjęcia ważnych zagadnień  dotyczących ludzkiej egzystencji (życia, przemijania, miłości, śmierci) i tożsamości. Pisarstwo to bazuje zatem na autobiografzmie i  autofkcji. W omawiane powieści wpisana jest filozofia  człowieczeństwa. Za podstawowy klucz do odczytania obydwu  utworów należy uznać czas – osobniczy, interioryzowany, „osobny”, związany z ludzką egzystencją i funkcjonowaniem pamięci. Sposób  działania czasu w tych utworach pozwolił pisarce na wprowadzenie w struktury powieści mitów – miejsca i osobniczego. Analiza prowadzi do ciekawych wniosków. Przede wszystkim: proza Ostrowskiej  okazuje się oryginalną kombinacją autobiografii (a raczej autofikcji) z mitologią, której efektem jest nie tyle uwznioślenie przeszłości czy teraźniejszości, ile kreacja „nekronarracji” podejmowanej jakby z perspektywy pośmiertnej. A zatem Wyspa i Mój czas osobny to nie powieści polityczne, obyczajowe czy psychologiczne, tylko mityczne.
EN
The major aim of this article is to analyse the concept of revolution and changes within the theory of revolution. Theorising about radical social changes raised questions which still have not been answered: how is revolution different from other social changes? Does it have the beginning and the end? Is it a result of chance or a necessity? Why does it take place at a particular time, in a given place? How does it evolve? These basic problems are still the subject of study today.
PL
Głównym celem artykułu jest analiza historii pojęcia rewolucji i zmian w ramach teorii rewolucji. Teoretyzowanie na temat radykalnych zmian społecznych od początku napotykało podstawowe problemy związane z omawianym zjawiskiem. Szereg pytań nie znalazło ‘ostatecznej’ odpowiedzi: Czym rewolucja różni się od innych zmian społecznych? Czy rewolucja ma początek i koniec? Czy rewolucja jest skutkiem przypadku czy konieczności? Dlaczego do rewolucji dochodzi w tym czasie i na tej przestrzeni? Jak rewolucja ewoluuje? Te podstawowe problemy wciąż są przedmiotem refleksji teoretyków rewolucji. Celem tego artykułu jest zaś wskazanie relacji między historią a teoriami rewolucji, jak i historią samej teorii.
PL
This article is an attempt to reconstruct the perceptions of 1989 of members of parliament who had a key influence on the systemic changes. The author traces the similarities, differences, and transformations of their narratives on this subject. The article is based on interviews conducted as part of two studies (the first was conducted in 1994–1995, the second in 2018–2020) with the same seven leading Polish politicians from the ruling and opposition political groups. The author describes both studies, with an explanation of the methodology and an analysis of the collected material. Both are presented from the perspective of a researcher belonging to this generation of sociologists, for whom the materials from the first study have become mainly a historical source and were the basis for the work involved in the second research project. The analysis focuses on the similarities and differences in interpreting themes at two points in time, for instance, perceptions of 1989, descriptions of the political elite and its relationship with society, and ways of presenting the phenomena generally referred to as “the transformation.”
Diametros
|
2012
|
issue 32
215-231
PL
Celem artykułu jest ukazanie specyfiki filozoficznej refleksji nad historią. W tym kontekście istotne staje się przedstawienie pojęć, którymi określa się ten rodzaj refleksji, a także obejmowany przez nią zakres problemowy. Filozofię dziejów, historiozofię i filozofię historii, należy więc rozpatrywać z konkretnej perspektywy badawczej, chociaż w potocznym rozumieniu pojęcia te stosowane są zamiennie.
EN
The aim of this article is to show the peculiar character of philosophical reflection on history. In this context, it is important to present notions which will allow us define this type of reflection and its scope of interest. The philosophy of the history and historiosophy refer to distinct perspectives, although in the common understanding these notions are practically interchangeable.
EN
The article seeks to present a comparative analysis of three selected associations based in Kraków (Association for the Embellishment of Kraków and Its Environs, Association of Lovers of Kraków’s History and Heritage, and Association for the Care of Polish Cultural and Artistic Heritage) and three selected associations from Warsaw (Association of Lovers of History, Polish Tourist Association, and Association for the Care of Heritage of the Past) active at the turn of the nineteenth and the twentieth century, with emphasis put on their attitudes towards the past and contributions to its cultivation and promotion in both urban centers.
PL
W artykule podjęto próbę porównania działalności trzech wybranych towarzystw krakowskich (Towarzystwo Upiększania Miasta Krakowa i Okolic, Towarzystwo Miłośników Historii i Zabytków Krakowa oraz Towarzystwo Opieki nad Polskimi Zabytkami Kultury i Sztuki) i trzech wybranych towarzystw warszawskich (Towarzystwo Miłośników Historii, Polskie Towarzystw Krajoznawcze i Towarzystw Opieki nad Zabytkami Przeszłości) na przełomie XIX i XX w. pod kątem ich stosunku do przeszłości, udziału w jej kultywowaniu i promowaniu w obydwu ośrodkach miejskich.
Wieki Stare i Nowe
|
2021
|
vol. 16
|
issue 21
93-105
EN
In this article, Barbara Trygar analyses Giovanni Battista Piranesi’s The Veduta dell’Anfiteatro Flavio drawing detto il Colosseo. The Colosseum is one of world’s greatest buildings and for centuries it has inspired artists all over the world. This symbolic place reminds man about the drama of life: the fight between “to be” and “not to be” and the struggle for the values of freedom, truth, and the good. The drawing (engraving) by the Italian printmaker is a provoking reflection on the axiological and metaphysical dimensions of human life.
PL
W artykule poddano analizie rycinę Veduta dell’Anfiteatro Flavio detto il Colosseo Giovanniego Battisty Piranesiego w kontekście badań nad „miejscami pamięci”, których prekursorem był Pierre Nora. Dzieło artystyczne jest wytworem materialnym, jednocześnie zawiera w sobie ideę i odnosi się do świata wartości. Pozwala to odbiorcy przejść w procesie jego percepcji od poziomu realnego do metafizycznego.
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