The principle of subsidiarity not only has formed many of provisions in the act on Public Benefit and Volunteer Work (particularly those related to social consultations and transferring of public tasks), but is also a directive forming the cooperative habits between the public and non-public sectors. This is a matter of great importance taking into account that the subsidiarity in Poland is not effectively implemented as it could be because of limited autonomy of the self-government and frequently occurring interference of the State. Unfortunately it results in limiting of ability to decide on the type and methods of performing tasks. In addition, financial resources usually are not sufficient. It would be desirable to maintain and develop this course because about 61% of the polish society finds the third sector more effective than the public one. More and more often (43%) the contribution of the non-governmental organisations on solution of local problems is perceived, although still near the half of respondents (48%) doubt that they would have an important impact on the solution of important social problems. There are also real concerns about corruption, other law abuses, or giving priority to private interest instead of communal one.
Niewątpliwie największą innowacją Traktatu z Lizbony w odniesieniu do zasady pomocniczości jest bezpośrednie zaangażowanie parlamentów narodowych w procedurę kontrolowania poszanowania tej zasady. Artykuł przedstawia problematykę mechanizmu badania zasady pomocniczości przez Sejm i Senat. W analizie uwzględniono kwestię zarówno unijnych, jak i krajowych podstaw prawnych przedmiotowego mechanizmu. Uwaga została zwrócona również na problemy jego funkcjonowania w praktyce.
EN
Undoubtedly, the biggest innovation of the Lisbon Treaty in relation to the principle of subsidiarity is the direct involvement of national parliaments in the process of controlling this principle. The article presents the issues of subsidiarity mechanism study by the Sejm and the Senate. The analysis has been incorporated into both EU and national legal basis for this mechanism. Attention was also paid to the problems of its operation in practice.
Stigmatization is a process, which exists in the modern society in many ways. It concerns many different groups of people, marked with a specific, non-accepted way. The essay is an attempt to present the phenomenon of stigmatization – how it influences peoples opinions and behavior. The main goal however is a moral evaluation of social stigmatization, on the basis of the principles of social life, like the dignity of human person, the principle of common good, the principle of universal allocation of goods, the principle of subsidiarity, the category of participation, and the principle of solidarity. The results of the this work show, that the stigmatization is a maleficent process not only concerning individuals, but also groups and a whole society.
Article refers to the constitutional principle of subsidiarity. The author assumes that this principle should be applied already at the lowest level of civic activity, in the municipality and its auxiliary units. Sołectwo it is the basic case of the auxiliary unit in Poland. The article is a case study of the Sława municipality, located in the western part of Poland. The sołectwo fund as an important form of implementation of the principle of subsidiarity has been developed for a few years in the community. The author focuses on the socio – economic aspects of the initiative. The official data that illustrate the conditions, course and consequences of the development budget of the sołectwo fund are analyzed and presented in the text. The presented data indicate that allocating a certain amount of financial resources to fulfill the tasks entrusted to sołectwo can increase their social activity and trigger civil initiatives as well. It can also give a chance that the inhabitants of a village can be interested in influencing the councils and in shaping directions of spending a commune’s money. In this way they can contribute to an increase in economic efficiency and rationality of these expenditures. The process of liberating pro-growth measures can help to improve the quality of life of inhabitants of the village.
PL
Artykuł odnosi się do konstytucyjnej zasady pomocniczości. Autor przyjmuje założenie, że zasada ta powinna być stosowana już na najniższym szczeblu aktywności obywatelskiej, w gminie i w jej jednostkach pomocniczych. Podstawową jednostką pomocniczą w gminie wiejskiej jest sołectwo.
Artykuł dotyczy zagadnień związanych ze stanowieniem aktów prawa miejscowego, które powinny być wydawane przez organy samorządu terytorialnego z uwzględnieniem zasady pomocniczości i decentralizacji. Zasady te – wynikające zarówno z konstytucji, jak i aktów prawa międzynarodowego – powinny być brane pod uwagę w procesie wydawania prawa miejscowego. Obowiązujące przepisy nie w pełni umożliwiają wdrożenie przedmiotowych zasad w procesie stanowienia lokalnych aktów prawotwórczych. W związku z tym istnieje potrzeba dokonania zmian legislacyjnych, które doprowadzą do pełnego urzeczywistnienia zasady pomocniczości w procesie wydawania aktów prawa miejscowego. Obecnie organy samorządu terytorialnego mają zbyt mało swobody w zakresie tworzenia lokalnych aktów prawotwórczych. Jest ona ograniczana przez władzę ustawodawczą, która każdorazowo określa zakres swobody prawodawczej organu samorządu w ramach delegacji ustawowej. Istnieje zatem potrzeba wprowadzenia zmian w tym zakresie, zmierzająca do zwiększenia kompetencji organów samorządu terytorialnego, które wówczas w większym stopniu będą mogły realizować potrzeby społeczności lokalnej.
EN
The article concerns the regulation of the local legislation. Local government should create legislative acts with the principle of subsidiarity and decentralization. These principles – resulting from the Constitution and acts of international law – should be taken into account when structuring the adoption of the local law. Existing regulations do not fully implement these principles. Therefore, there are a few need for legislative changes that will lead to the full implementation of the principle of subsidiarity. Currently, the local government authorities have too little freedom in making local law. It is limited by the legislative authority, which acts always defines the scope of freedom. This should be changed to increase the competence of the local government, which to a greater extent will realize the needs of the local community.
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