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1

Gospodarka komunalna — samodzielność gospodarcza jednostek samorządu terytorialnego a interes publiczny

100%

Odachowski J.

Prawo

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2017

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issue 323

299-310

EN

The article is devoted to the problem of economic activity of territorial local government (municipal economy). Important question is related to the idea called “municipal economy”. It means realization of “own tasks” by territorial local government. It is also necessary to indicate that in a sphere of economic activity of territorial local government there are two legal dimensions. First of these is an activity connected with the “public utility”. This question means that territorial local government has to supply general needs of all people who live in aparticular part of Poland. Second is linked with activity, which aim is to gain financial profits. The author also especially draws attention to the problem of process of public tasks privatisation. This phenomenon often appears nowadays. It consists of atransfer of public tasks from state (or territorial local government) to private organizations. Another way of mentioned privatisation is only connected with achange of method of realization public tasks (but not akind of organization). In that situation state or territorial local government resigns from the public mode of making foregoing tasks and does it in aprivate way, which is related especially with payments. It is necessary to indicate influence of the public interest on a sphere of economic self-dependence of territorial local government in following dimensions: legal forms of undertaking of economic activity by territorial local government, continuity of economic activity of territorial local government, legal possibility of undertaking economic activity by territorial local government (in mentioned above two legal dimensions) and — last but not least — the transfer of public tasks from territorial local government to private organizations.

2

Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation" authorship by Jerome Bentham as a contribution to the discussion on the subject of the public interest and the principle of proportionality

86%

Uchańska J.

Studia Prawnicze

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2013

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issue 3 (195)

171-190

EN

The paper in-question presents the theme of the modern utilitarianism with the release of J. Bentham, which is a crucial issue to discuss the concept of the public interest and understanding the background of axiological foundations of competition law and patent law. The idea of the eternal "conflict": the private interests versus the public interest, is presented in the literature frequently. J. Bentham in his principal work: "Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation" made remarks on the interests of society. According to Bentham, however, there is no contradiction between the interests of individual and social interests because, as John Stuart Mill claimed later: the mutual kindness permeates society and the condemnation from the environment and gathering of suffering neighbor, cannot anyone give pleasure. The view of these two seem to be correct, especially through the prism of the present legislation and the case-law and their using the principle of proportionality, which is the key to resolving the alleged conflict between aforementioned interests. The rule of proportionality is exposed as a tool of the modern utilitarianism. In the light of primary understanding of competition law and industrial property law above-mentioned issues are presented in this paper.

3

Interes publiczny w radiofonii i telewizji. Zagadnienia wybrane.

72%

Waniek D.

Państwo i Społeczeństwo

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2015

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issue 1

113-124

EN

The author attempts to describe the constitutional definition of the public interest in broadcasting, concluding however that elements forming the definition cannot be treated as permanent measures, because they are dependent on ever-changing technology, economy and social conditions.

4

Ograniczenie wolności budowlanej w ujęciu rozporządzenia Prezydenta RP z 1928 r. o prawie budowlanem i zabudowaniu osiedli

72%

Błażewski M.

Prawo

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2017

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issue 324

201-210

EN

The Ordinance of the President of 1928 on the construction law and housing developments had unified regulations on the construction process. Provisions have balanced the freedom of the construction and the public interest and interests of the individual person. These provisions provided the primacy of the public interest in relation to the interest of the individual person. The regulations concerned the initiation and organization of the construction process.

DE

Die Verordnung aus dem Jahre 1928 über das Baurecht und die Bebauung von Ortschaften vereinheitlichte die Regelungen betreffend den Bauprozess. Die Rechtsvorschriften führten zur Ausgewogenheit der Baufreiheit gegenüber dem öffentlichen Interesse und dem Interesse einer individuellen Drittperson. Die Vorschriften sicherten die Vorherrschaft des öffentlichen Interesses gegenüber dem individuellen Interesse. Die die Baufreiheit einschränkenden Regelungen betrafen den Beginn und die Organisation des Bauprozesses.

5

Otwartość zasobów jako zadanie administracji publicznej – zagadnienia definicyjne

72%

Chałubińska-Jentkiewicz K.

Themis Polska Nova

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2016

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issue 2(11)

134-151

EN

Opening up public data is foster the participation of citizens in political and social life and contribute to policy areas such as the environment. The 2003 Directive on the re-use of public sector information set out the general legislative framework at European level. The Directive provides for a minimum degree of harmonisation. The 2009 review of the Directive indicated that, in spite of progress since 2003, barriers to the cross-border use of public sector information still existed. Some of these barriers can be tackled within the existing legislation, others cannot. The general re-use policy is complemented by legislative or policy initiatives in specific sectors. The re-use of public sector data, whether for commercial or non-commercial purposes, should fully respect European and national privacy legislation. The objectives of fostering open government data and protecting personal data can reinforce each other if based on pro-active and conscious information management by the public sector. Moreover, the implementation of open data policies should fully respect the intellectual property rights of third parties and the European Union’s obligations under international treaties on intellectual property rights.

6

Przesłanki umorzenia należności z tytułu składki na ubezpieczenie społeczne określone w ustawie z dnia 13 października 1998 r. o systemie ubezpieczeń społecznych

44%

Myszkowski J.

Ubezpieczenia Społeczne. Teoria i praktyka

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2016

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issue 4

87-106

PL

Przesłanki umorzenia należności z tytułu składki na ubezpieczenie społeczne określono w art. 28 ustawy z dnia 13 października 1998 r. o systemie ubezpieczeń społecznych. Umorzenie może nastąpić w przypadku: – całkowitej nieściągalności składek (art. 28 ust. 2 ustawy systemowej), – w uzasadnionych przypadkach, gdy brak jest całkowitej nieściągalności składki, ale za umorzeniem przemawia ważny interes osoby zobowiązanej do opłacenia należności z tytułu składek oraz stan finansów ubezpieczeń społecznych (art. 28 ust. 3a ustawy systemowej). W przepisie art. 28 ust. 3 ustawy systemowej ustawodawca wskazał siedem przypadków, w których zachodzi całkowita nieściągalność należności z tytułu składek. Należności z tytułu składek na ubezpieczenia społeczne ubezpieczonych będących równocześnie płatnikami składek na te ubezpieczenia mogą być w uzasadnionych przypadkach umarzane pomimo braku ich całkowitej nieściągalności (art. 28 ust. 3a ustawy systemowej). W takim przypadku za umorzeniem musi przemawiać ważny interes osoby zobowiązanej do opłacenia należności z tytułu składek oraz stan fi nansów ubezpieczeń społecznych, a szczegółowe zasady umarzania tego rodzaju należności określone będą w rozporządzeniu ministra właściwego do spraw zabezpieczenia społecznego (art. 28 ust. 3b ustawy systemowej). Ustawodawca wskazując przesłanki umorzenia należności, posłużył się szeregiem zwrotów niedookreślonych, odwołujących się do norm pozaprawnych. W orzeczeniach sądowych zawarto wiele wskazówek co do sposobu interpretowania przepisów regulujących kwestię umorzenia.

XX

Factors in the remission of social security pension insurance dues as regulated in the Act of 13th of October 1998 on the social insurance system. Remission may take place in the case of: – the total uncollectability of national insurance contribution payments (article 28 point 2 of the system act), – in justified cases where the arrears constitute total uncollectibility of the contribution payment yet where a remission is justified as being in the interests of the individual liable to pay the arrears for national insurance contributions as well as the fi nancial state of the social insurance pension system (art. 28 point 3a of the system act). In the regulation of article 28 point 3 of the system act the legislator has enumerated seven cases in which there occurs a total uncollectibility of contribution payments. Dues and arrears in relation to social security payments of insured parties being at the same time contribution payers for these pension insurances may be in justifi ed cases frozen even though in their entirety they have not been paid (art. 28 point 3a of the system act). In such a case entitlement for remission has to be triggered by the important interests of the person due to pay the social insurance payment arrears as well as the financial state of the social security insurance system, and the detailed principles for the remission of this type of arrears will be determined in the decree of the minister responsible for social insurance matters (art. 28 point 3b of the system act). The legislator in indicating the factors for the remission of arrears has employed a range of underspecified terms relating to extralegal norms. In court rulings there are to be found many indicators as to how these regulations are to be interpreted in matters of arrears remission.

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1 Błażewski M.

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