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EN
The paper is free refl ection on the present state of research on the literature and culture of the Enlightenment, as well as a review of publications concerning the Enlightenment literature and culture. The paper shows a gradual change in the areas of interest of researchers from different generations, the most important scientifi c achievements and the problems that their successors have to face.
EN
The issues of multiculturalism and religious diversity are the key research issues in the works of the historians and require proper knowledge. An example of a multicultural town in the Second Republic of Poland was Jarosław located in the Lviv region on the river San. During the interwar period Jarosław was inhabited by Poles and by such national minorities as: Jews, Ukrainians, Germans. Each of the communities inhabiting Jarosław during the above period left an indelible mark on that town. The melting pot of the multi-faith Jarosław included the faithful of the Greek Catholic Church, the Roman Catholic Church, the followers of the Evangelical and Jewish religions. Despite the large number of works relating to the history of Jarosław, many of the above issues have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study is to show the state of research regarding the national and religious issues of Jarosław inhabitants in the Second Republic of Poland and the available source base, as well as to establish the research directions in the formof research postulates.
PL
Włoska Partia Komunistyczna (WłPK) powstała w 1921 r., czyli na rok przed marszem faszystów na Rzym. Po zaledwie kilku latach swojego istnienia została rozbita i jej poszczególne komórki kontynuowały działalność na emigracji. W czasach zimnej wojny była największą partią komunistyczną na Zachodzie. W przeciwieństwie do wielu innych zachodnich partii o tym profilu ideowym bardzo szybko stała się partią masową. WłPK z jednej strony pozostawała partią komunistyczną utrzymującą ścisłe relacje z Moskwą i jej państwami satelickimi, z drugiej zaś – poszukiwała demokratycznej legitymizacji i „narodowych” korzeni. Właśnie ta złożoność (niektórzy włoscy historycy używają sformułowania anomalia) w historii partii powodowała i powoduje niegasnącą fascynację wielu badaczy. Na temat WłPK powstało już wiele publikacji i artykułów, ale niektóre obszary jej historii pozostają wciąż niezbadane. Niniejszy artykuł to próba uporządkowania bogatego dorobku naukowego poświęconego partii, przedstawienia problemów związanych z jej historiografią, a także wskazania postulatów badawczych na przyszłość.
EN
The Italian Communist Party (PCI) was founded in 1921, a year before the march of the fascists on Rome. After only a few years of existence, it was broken up and its individual units continued to operate in exile. During the Cold War, it was the largest communist party in the West. Unlike many other Western parties with this ideological profile, it quickly became a mass party. On the one hand, the PCI remained a communist party which maintained close relations with Moscow and its satellite states, and on the other, it sought democratic legitimacy and “national” roots. It is this complexity (some Italian historians use the word ’anomaly’) in the history of the party that caused and causes the unrelenting fascination of many researchers. Many publications and articles about the PCI have already been written but some areas of its history remain unexplored. This article is an attempt to organise the rich scientific achievements related to the party, to present problems related to its historiography and to indicate research postulates for the future.
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