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PL
In this paper the problem of philosophical interpretation of variational principles is under investigation. The difference between differential and integral principles is presented and the history of various formulations of integral principles is described. It is argued that the teleological interpretation of integral principles is unjustified. Philosophical interpretations of principles of mechanics might only be valuable only if a thorough analysis of both mathematical and linguistic explanations is made.
EN
Rev. of: Stanisław Suwiński, Ideał życia chrześcijańskiego w świetle wybranychpism św. Grzegorza Wielkiego [The Ideal of Christian Life in the Light of Selected Writings by St Gregory the Great]
PL
Stanisław Suwiński, Ideał życia chrześcijańskiego w świetle wybranych pism św. Grzegorza Wielkiego, Scripta Theologica Thoruniensia (46), Communio Sanctorum (10), Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, Toruń 2017, ss. 138
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EN
One thing we cannot do is failing to address the issue of ‘what next’? Where are we heading? What are our objectives on the horizon of dreams and not short-term solutions? Where is mankind heading as a whole? It is you economists and managers I am aiming my questions at. I am incapable of finding a clear answer but I sincerely hope to discover it in your dissertations (going beyond your master, doctorate and habilitation theses). Thanks to the brilliant paradigm, our civilisation has made achievements which it tends to forget. Mankind today is living more comfortably than ever before. I want to raise a question if we are conscious of the fact that our privileges should be shared by all inhabitants of our planet. I wish to reflect on the good of a man – what does a human need to be fulfilled in all dimensions, not in the mere material one. How do we conceive of the future organization and identity of mankind? I asked school principals: Is it good to allow the sexes to become alike, to see women become masculine and men effeminate? Is the contrast of the sexes vital to the preservation of the human race? Does the tension resulting from the diversification matter? I do not intend to present my own intuitions; my wish would be finding some answers in humanities. Sadly, doctorate and habilitation theses tend to focus on marginal issues. Why does contemporary theology differ so considerably from what the contemporary world, contemporary physics or mathematics deal with on a regular basis?
EN
The article presents the diagnosis of contemporary systematic angelology. The author indicates the relations between the development of theological reflection and its signs in words and images. The author treats the Enlightenment as a division line, since it was the time when the crisis of speculative angelology was finally sealed. Contemporary representations of angels are conditioned by marginalisation, epistemological agnosticism, conventionalism and practical atheism. The author discusses these problems using selected examples of the visual arts objects and literary works.
PL
Andrzej Wierciński’s "Existentia Hermeneutica: Understanding as the Mode of Being in the World" is absolutely innovative in its reflection on the hermeneutic relationship between philosophy and theology. It represents a profound analysis of the whole tradition of philosophical hermeneutics and Catholic theology, which drew upon the former for a new account of the problematic of faith. ------------ Zgłoszono: 20/12/2019. Zrecenzowano: 11/01/2020. Zaakceptowano do publikacji: 29/01/2020
EN
Andrzej Wierciński’s "Existentia Hermeneutica: Understanding as the Mode of Being in the World" is absolutely innovative in its reflection on the hermeneutic relationship between philosophy and theology. It represents a profound analysis of the whole tradition of philosophical hermeneutics and Catholic theology, which drew upon the former for a new account of the problematic of faith. ------------- Received: 20/12/2019. Reviewed: 11/01/2020. Accepted: 29/01/2020
The Biblical Annals
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2016
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vol. 6
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issue 3
419-457
EN
The Fourth Book of Maccabees (4 Macc.) ‒ although being a philosophical and rhetorical work that mainly deals with the issue of overcoming passion by means of „pious reason” ‒ contains a number of references to God which have naturally been woven into the corpus of this work. All these references allow one to draw up an image of God present in the mind of the author of 4Macc. It is evident from the analyses, that although 4 Macc. is imbued with the spirit of Greek (Hellenistic) philosophy and literature, the image of God sketched by the author of 4 Macc. is firmly rooted in the Old Testament’s theological tradition. Even the concept of pro,noia, taken directly from Greek philosophy, in 4 Macc. has a close relationship with theology of the Old Testament. This leads to the conclusion that the author of 4 Macc. ‒ in spite of his rooting in the Hellenistic culture ‒ was a pious Jew who, through his work, wanted to strengthen the faith of his brethren.
PL
The main object of this paper is to present the investigations that have been made during recent years in OBI on the problems of the science-faith relationships. The methodology of this investigation is described, and some of the most important results mentioned.
EN
This paper explores trivial or minor issues of body parts and relics and the major matter of evil. These incongruities offer a means of reflecting on the relationships between sociology and theology as re-set by the advent of postsecularity and the fears of Benedict XVI concerning the dictatorship of relativism. Efforts to resolve these incongruities draw attention to metaphors and the limits of sociological rhetoric in handling matters pertaining to theology. A means of overcoming these dilemmas is to be found in the musical explorations of Weber who offers a way of coming to terms with the irruptive spectres of postsecularity.
EN
The undertaken considerations, with analyzing Stanislaw Kaminski’s thought on the influence of philosophy on theology in logical and epistemological aspect, aim at answering a question: what kind of philosophy does theology need? If supernatural knowledge wants to be scientific, it should use philosophy which is the natural knowledge explaining reality. Philosophical knowledge, achieved through general and abstract terms, provides theology with terms for explaining religious faith. While various philosophical systems try to explain reality, it does not mean that all of them are accepted by theology. With analyzing theological language, theological conclusions, and the evolution of doctrines, S. Kaminski proves that theology needs such philosophical terms which efficiently enable to know reality. Kaminski accepts such a philosophy which investigates real being in the broadest extent, and looks for the ultimate reasons of a being outside a being itself. This philosophy is to be open to the transcendent reality, and assist in understanding the rationality of faith. Nothing but the realistic philosophy of being (ie. metaphysics) is able to harmonize natural and supernatural knowledge, and show faith as a complement of human reason.
Forum Philosophicum
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2007
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vol. 12
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issue 2
409-428
EN
Maximus the Confessor in his “Ambigua” opposes himself in a decisive way to the Origenist vision of man and of his relation to God, a vision extremely wide-spread in his time. He creates his own anthropology which in its turn serves as a foundation of his theology. Man becomes a complete and integrated being and obtains his full realisation only provided that he is united with God and is a corporeal being related to the world in which he lives. Man, World and God are the terms of a dynamic relation, in which each of the first terms finds its unity. Man's unity, as well as that of the world, is realised in God, towards Whom both tend and move. The article is an attempt to retrace this movement of man, together with the world, to God, the movement crowned in unity with Him, a kind of unity that does not take away man's identity.
EN
The purpose of this text is to reconstruct Paul Tillich’s thought concerning the contemporary issue resulting from the relation between theology and philosophy. The questions to be stated are: Is it possible to establish conditions for theology and philosophy to coexist? If so, where is their source? I am going to show the relation between philosophy and theology in the context of a seeking existence that happens to be a human being, with regards to God who answers human questions. In this paper I will try to present Tillich’s thought based on the hermeneutical way of understanding the symbol, which would make the Revelation being more available and comprehensible for humans. This would result as well in better and more aware understanding of what a human being really is.
EN
The author of the article poses a question concerning adequacy of research proposals inspired by the circle called ‘the ethic of reading’ and ‘theological return’. She points out to the fact that questions concerning axiology of reading, that have been recently considered old- fashioned, are the classical problems of humanistics today. It results from the notion of interference between different disciplines, but above all from the fact that ethical response to the work of literature is an integral element of individual reading. Ethics appears in read-ers mind before poetics. It makes possible uniting a reader (that has been wrongly divided into an emotional and a suspicious kind) into one subject of multiple reading experience. Powerful institutions of a text are based after all on individual reading of a subject that ex-periences, understands and evaluates the text.
EN
This article is about the theology of Jesuits in the First Vatican Council (1869-1870). This theology is neo-scholastic and ultramontain, known in the literature as the Roman School. Here's a catholic response to an unstable period of the nineteenth century, full of revolutions andcounter-revolutions. We can point some of characteristics of the Roman School: 1 / recognition a primary act of faith as an irrational. Grace to the decision in favor of the faith, the world can be rationally explained. 2 / Theology is evolutionary, but teleological. 3 / The Bishop of Rome watches over the truth of rational explanations of the world and the development of theology. Pope separates truth from error. For this reason, must be infallible in matters of dogma and needs to have full authority in the Catholic Church.
EN
In the article the relationship of Borges’ poetics and theology is analysed. To this end, the authors selected three stories which address a large timeline ranging from the Middle Ages to the present day. To address them properly, the necessary references to the historical context are made. Fundamentally, this analysis shows that to Jorge Luis Borges God transcends any system.
EN
This study aims to provide a detailed intellectual analysis of Theologia Deutsch, an anonymous work of ‘German mysticism’ dating to the turn of the 15th century which had a fundamental impacted on the development of theological and philosophical thought in the German lands during the 16th century. The author lays particular emphasis on the work’s neo-Platonic roots, outlines its most important philosophical underpinnings, situates the work in its contemporary intellectual context and fi nally establishes links to certain strands of 16th- and 17th-century thought evident particularly in the works of Valentin Weigel (1533–1588), Sebastian Franck (1499–1542) and Jacob Böhme (1575–1624). The intention the author of Theologia Deutsch had of coming to terms with the teachings of ‘free spirits’, which he understood as representing a sort of non-religious intellectualism, is considered to be decisive for the overall conception of the work and for the formulation of its component answers. Theologia Deutsch attempts to define this intellectual trend more precisely, as against the views and dealings of true ‘Friends of God’. This is especially important because the neo-Platonic bases of Theologia Deutsch come quite close at times to the ideas of the ‘free spirits’. The study pays particular attention to emphasising the role of affectivity in Theologia Deutsch and its thorough consideration of the relationship between intellect (knowledge) and will (love). Here Theologia Deutsch tries to establish a connection between Thomistic and voluntaristic motifs and, at the same time, draw from the views of Tauler and Eckhart. The study then devotes itself to significant considerations of the concepts of freedom and order: the measure of their proper proportions in Theologia Deutsch became the ‘life of Christ’ (Christus-Leben) as an insuperable model which was at the very least potentially imitable, though it most probably remained somehow singular in actuality; its fulfilment was the ‘Godly or Godlike man’. In answer to the question as to why the term ‘Godlike man’ (or Godly man) does not entail the overcoming and relinquishment of the virtues, the commandments and all order in the name of freedom, we find in Theologia Deutsch a far-ranging metaphysical reflection on the relationship between an inert ‘Godliness’ and a voluntaristically understood ‘God’. A condition for the actualisation of the ‘eternal will’, which is in God in potentia, is His creation, man. The ‘Godly or Godlike man’ is the medium through which the self-cognition of God is achieved. From man’s perspective, however, this cognition is an act which is not purely theoretical, but rather theoretical-practical, for it is based on the conformity of the will of the created being with the will of God. At the same time, it is – in a certain sense – only by means of this cognition that God is constituted as God as opposed to Godliness. The closing section of the article briefly outlines the reception of the new God-man relationship discussed in Theologia Deutsch among certain thinkers of the Reformed period.
Forum Philosophicum
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2007
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vol. 12
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issue 2
429-446
EN
Theologians of the 14th C. agreed that theology is scientific knowledge based upon the truths of revelation. But the very introduction of Aristotle's and aristotelian philosophy into theology turned out to be problematic. Above all, it was questionable to integrate theology—as a science based on revelation—within the aristotelian framework of sciences. This problem is difficult for Scotus in two ways. On the one hand, he uses the concepts elaborated in greek philosophy, but, on the other hand, his franciscan spirituality compels him towards the opposite solution. Scotus only has the Aristotle's division of theoretical and practical sciences at his disposal to determine the character of theology, and he chooses to classify theology as practical science. Scotus is pouring “new wine” of Christian revelation into “old wineskins” of greek philosophy, the fact causing noticeable problems when interpreting many Scotus' ideas and views.
Studia Humana
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2016
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vol. 5
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issue 4
3-4
EN
First of all we pay attention to cognitive studies of religion and compare theology and philosophy of religion.
EN
The author undertakes four points: (a) There was no major change in Gilson’s position on Christian philosophy as it was defined and justified in his 1931 Gifford Lectures and later developed in the sixties. (b) During the 1960s, Gilson’s Christian philosophy placed more emphasis on its Christian aspect, faith guiding reason. Earlier formulations emphasized philosophy searching within the faith for what can become rational. (c) During the 1960s Gilson emphasized faith and the Church as the guardian of Christian philosophy, expressed a relative indifference to the validity of rational proofs for the existence of God, and empathized with those accepting questionable philosophical approaches to understand the faith. (d) Gilson’s Christian philosophy fits into the framework of post-modernism.
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