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PL
The study attempts an analysis of the relationship between the concepts of state and nation sovereignty. The thesis has been proposed that state sovereignty could be regarded as a derivation of nation sovereignty. While attempting to approve of the proposed thesis, the authors describe the relationship between both institutions by referring to their origins. In the light of concepts of sovereignty, the relationship between state and international law is presented from a philosophical perspective. Approving the proposed thesis, the authors conclude that regardless of whether state sovereignty derives from nation sovereignty or not, the two concepts refer to different backgrounds which can be seen both in their origins and contemporary realities.
EN
The report refers to the All-Poland Scientific Conference held on 23–26 September 2018, organized by the Department of Theory and Philosophy of Law at the Faculty of Law, Canon Law and Administration of the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin — the 23rd Meeting of the Departments of Theory of Philosophy of Law “State — Society — Culture: Formal and Informal Sources of Law”. The conference dealt with the problems of the sources of law and lawmaking, significant due to the scale of activity of lawmaking, the scope of juridization of social life and dynamic socio-cultural transformations.
PL
The author introduces a fundamental distinction between human rights and the law of human rights which is subsequent to these rights. While examining these issues, the author follows M. Piechowiak and his way of understanding human rights. According to Piechowiak, human rights are objectively existing relationships between a human being and a global good, welfare that is due to him/her. Particular aspects of this global good are what we used to call an object of a particular human right. Therefore, human rights have an ontic nature. These relationships have their normative consequences. It may be stated that these relationships ontologically justify that the norms protecting these rights (actually these relationships) stay in force. These relationships and the norms protecting them can be recognized. Notwithstanding what was stated above, human rights shall be proclaimed and the ontic norms protecting them, adequately recognized, shall be positivised, that is, acts of positive law shall introduce these norms into legal systems.
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Filozofi a (teoria) prawa Carla Schmitta?

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EN
The main aim of this article is to analyze the small work of Carl Schmitt “On the three types of juristic thought”, fi rst published in 1934. In the literature of the subject, the German scholar is known primarily as a political philosopher and creator of the original, although controversial, ideas and concepts, including: the nomos, the political, the friend and enemy relationship, a state of emergency, sovereignty and political theology. Not forgotten is also the support Schmitt gave the Nazi regime after Hitler came to power. In the fi rst two parts of the article, the author reviews, on the one hand, the current state of research on the thought of the German scholar and, on the other hand, presents his short biography and his achievements as a writer. All of this, however, is only the background for a general review and analysis of the origins and content of the work of Schmitt of 1934. The author emphasizes the unique character of that small volume book as compared to other works of the German scholar. In the book, Schmitt rather appears to us as a theorist and philosopher of law, who goes beyond a dispute between legal positivism and natural law, and proposes a particular mode of thinking based on legal institutions. His sources of inspiration include two of his contemporary authors, representing institutional theory of law, Maurice Harriou and Santi Romano. According to the author of the article, it is hard to claim on this basis that Schmitt developed his own theory and philosophy of law.
EN
The article focuses on justice understood as value in modern state and law. It is accompanied by a research question whether justice is a certain value, a principle that is inalienable and universal, which should accompany modern state and law, if we want to call it the rule of law. First of all, the historical faces of justice in the state and law were presented. In this part of the article, the author presents selected examples of considerations on justice in the broad sense, which took place at the turn of history, and which still remain - even partially timely. Secondly, the article presents considerations focused around the concept of “Iustitia fundamentum regnorum – Justice is the mainstay of the state.” The author presents in it reflections on the state and law, positive and natural law as well as the role of justice. also characterizes its essence. Finally, conclusions are presented.
EN
The article is an analysis from the theoretical and dogmatic point of view of the institution of consent which both in Polish and foreign criminal law doctrine, constitutes the axis of a significant dispute concerning both specific issues, such as the scope of legal goods that an individual can freely dispose of and issues of a more general nature, such as the dogmatic structure of crime. The author referring to the example of incapacitating procedures such as vasectomy or laparoscopy exposes the most important problems of a dogmatic as well as theoretical nature related to the title issue. At the same time author presents his own position on placing the consent in the dogmatic structure of a crime and also takes the floor on the sometimes raised issue of introducing the institution of consent into the penal code.
PL
Artykuł stanowi analizę z punktu widzenia teoretycznoprawnego oraz dogmatycznego instytucji zgody dysponenta dobrem prawnym, która to zarówno w polskiej, jak i zagranicznej doktrynie prawa karnego stanowi oś istotnego sporu dotyczącego zarówno szczegółowych kwestii, takich jak między innymi zakres dóbr prawnych, którymi to jednostka może swobodnie dysponować, jak i zagadnień natury bardziej ogólnych jak dogmatyczna struktura przestępstwa. Autor, odwołując się do przykładu zabiegów ubezpładniających, takich jak wazektomia czy laparoskopia, eksponuje najważniejsze problemy natury dogmatycznej i teoretycznoprawnej związanej z tytułowym zagadnieniem. Jednocześnie, odwołując się do teorii znamion negatywnych, autor przedstawia własne stanowisko w przedmiocie umiejscawiania zgody dysponenta dobrem prawnym w dogmatycznej strukturze przestępstwa, a także zabiera głos w podnoszonej niekiedy kwestii wprowadzenia instytucji zgody dysponenta dobrem prawnym do kodeksu karnego
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