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EN
In the face of the complexity of language as an object of study, it becomes crucial for researchers who investigate its various facets to communicate and to understand each-others’ terminology, methods and results. The feasibility and utility of striving for the elegance of formal models of isolated aspects of the linguistic system (for example, set of generative rules in an individual’s head) are called into question: a theory of language needs to account for how it functions in multiple systems and on multiple time-scales. This short introduction to the special issue on Language as Social Coordination situates works in this issue on the map of collective effort to formulate such a theory. It is also a reflection on the form of a theory of language that could integrate this variety of data and results.
EN
The author considers the impact of postmodernism on contemporary humanities, and in particular on theoretical linguistics. The main thesis of the paper can be formulated as follows: postmodernism contributes to the increase of such tendencies in linguistics as: blurring of the subject of research, disregard for the ‘directives of language’, i.e. disuse of the conventional scientific language, violations of the requirement of verifiability of statements, and breaking of the rules of communication. The author examines elements of postmodern science using the example of several branches of modern linguistics: cultural linguistics (linguoculturology), ethnolinguistics, anthropological linguistics, cognitive linguistics, and discourse linguistics.
PL
The aim of this article is to examine three currently dominant concepts of discourse, developed by Michel Foucault, Ernesto Laclau and Jürgen Habermas. I argue that these concepts of discourse constitute neither a coherent methodological agenda nor a coherent theoretical vision. That means that the reference to discourse will always imply engaging with a particular theoretical framework. I briefly discuss the theoretical traditions from which these concepts emerged and point to the essential elements which the respective concepts of discourse derived from these traditions. Concluding, I examine differences between and similarities in the discussed concepts, whereby I address, in particular, the relationship between discourse and everyday language, the notion of subjectivity and the concept of the social world.
EN
The subject of this article is the interpretation of de Saussure's terms "langue" and "parole". Ferdinand de Saussure's "Course in General Linguistics", as well as some relevant fragments of the General Linguistics history compendia, lead the author of the paper to conclude that, while referring Saussure's "langue" to the language system does not raise serious objections, it is impossible to relate Saussure's identification of "parole" to the modern concept of "text". In the opinion of the author, the most appropriate translation of the term "parole" would be "use of language" and then from this term it is possible to derive the term of "text".
EN
These deliberations may be considered a reaction to the words of encouragement formulated by E. Grodziński to extend his Zarys teorii nonsensu (1981). They are not, however, meant to provide a continuation of the issues discussed by this author in his monograph on nonsense. In fact, they are aimed at entering into a dialogue with some of the solutions and ideas presented by him, in particular those ones which can, to some extent, refer to my field of interest, i.e. the meaning of nonsense, and its synonyms. Polemical reflections on the theses presented in Grodziński’s book lead to determining the direction which semantic investigations of the concept of nonsense should take.
EN
This article explores relations between philosophical ideas of the language and the attitude to the pluralism of values in the context of legal interpretation. It argues that if the postulate of intersubjectivity in legal interpretation is to be maintained, the nominalist idea of language will be more coherent with the negative attitude to value pluralism, while the structural idea is more coherent with the positive one. The intersubjectivity of legal interpretation can be based on a language system or on a system of values. If the idea of a language system were to be removed (as nominalists propose), the idea of one clear system of values will be needed, while where the idea of one system of values were to be maintained, then an idea of a language system will be necessary.
PL
Artykuł analizuje relacje między filozoficznymi teoriami języka a stosunkiem do faktu pluralizmu wartości w kontekście interpretacji prawa. W opracowaniu argumentuje się, że przy założeniu postulatu intersubiektywności wyników wykładni prawa wizja języka proponowana przez nominalizm lingwistyczny łatwiej daje się pogodzić z negatywnym stosunkiem do pluralizmu wartości, wizja strukturalistyczna zaś – z pozytywnym stosunkiem do pluralizmu wartości. Intersubiektywność wykładni może opierać się na systemie językowym lub jednym systemie wartości. Jeżeli chcemy wyeliminować pojęcie systemu językowego (jak chcą tego nominaliści), to potrzebować będziemy jednego dostatecznie określonego systemu wartości. Jeżeli natomiast chcemy wyeliminować pojęcie jednego systemu wartości, to potrzebować będziemy systemu językowego.
PL
Autor artykułu analizuje powieść Heinza Strunka Der goldene Handschuh [Złota rękawiczka] w oparciu o rozważania Judith Butler Excitable Speech (Walczące słowa. Mowa nienawiści i polityka performatywu). Ukazane zostaje nie tylko zagadnienie przemocy poprzez język, lecz także język jako forma przemocy. Pierwszą płaszczyznę rozważań stanowi analiza wypowiedzi postaci oraz wewnętrzna fokalizacja postaci Fritza Honki. Na drugiej płaszczyźnie autor artykułu bada intersubiektywną strukturę zależności jako wzajemne odziaływanie różnych postaci. Na zakończenie krytycznej analizie poddana zostaje sama narracja jako mowa przedstawiona. Rozważaniom towarzyszy teza, iż asynchroniczny język postaci pozostaje na płaszczyźnie tekstu niejasny i wzmacnia tym samym opisaną w artykule zasadę języka przemocy.Motyw przemocy poprzez język na płaszczyźnie postaci znajduje odzwierciedlenie na poziomie samej narracji jako język przemocy. Zamierzeniem niniejszego artykułu jest stworzenie krytyczno-refleksyjnych ram dla omawianego tekstu uwrażliwiających czytelnika na zagadnienie języka przemocy.
EN
The paper analyses the novel by Heinz Strunk Der Goldene Handschuh [The Golden Glove] against Judith Butler’s comments on Excitable Speech. Alongside the presentation of violence through language, language as a form of violence is brought into focus. The first level of analysis is constructed around the investigation of utterances and internal focalization of the character of Fritz Honka. The second level encompasses the intersubjective structure of description as a dialogic interdependence between various characters. Finally, the narration itself as a form of reported speech is critically investigated. The following hypothesis is being explored: the asynchronous speech of the characters remains inexplicit on the textual level, which evokes the described principle of hurtful speech. The expression of violence at the level of the characters is transformed into the language of violence at the narrative level. The aim of the contribution is therefore to present the narration within a critical framework allowing for evoking of the awareness of the interrelationships between language and violence.
DE
Dieser Beitrag untersucht Heinz Strunks Roman Der goldene Handschuh auf Grundlage von Judith Butlers Ausführungen zur Excitable Speech. Neben der Darstellung von Gewalt durch Sprache wird die Sprache als Form der Gewalt in den Fokus gerückt. Die erste Ebene der Analyse bilden die wörtliche Rede und die interne Fokalisierung der Figur ›Fritz Honka‹. Auf der zweiten Ebene wird die intersubjektive Beziehungsstruktur als dialogische Wechselwirkung zwischen verschiedenen Figuren betrachtet. Abschließend wird das Erzählen selbst als vorgetragene Rede kritisch hinterfragt. Folgende These wird untersucht: Die asynchrone Sprache der Figuren bleibt auf der Textebene unvermittelt und verstärkt dadurch das beschriebene Prinzip des verletzenden Sprechens. Die Darstellung der Gewalt durch die Sprache auf der Ebene der Figuren wird durch den Erzähltext selbst als Sprache der Gewalt reproduziert. Ziel des Beitrags ist es deshalb, die Erzählung kritisch zu erschließen, um dadurch eine grundsätzliche Sensibilisierung für die Reflexion der Zusammenhänge von Sprache und Gewalt zu erreichen.
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