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Philosophical foundations of statistical research

100%

Pociecha J.

Przegląd Statystyczny

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2020

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vol. 67

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issue 3

195-211

EN

Every researcher desires to uncover the truth about the object of the undertaken study. When conducting statistical research, however, scientists frequently give no deeper thought as to their motivation underlying the choice of the particular purpose and scope of the study, or the choice of analytical tools. The aim of this paper is to provide a reflection on the philosophical foundations of statistical research. The three basic understandings of the term ‘statistics’ are outlined, followed by a synthetic overview of the understanding of the concept of truth in the key branches of philosophy, with particular attention devoted to the understanding of truth in probabilistic terms. Subsequently, a short discussion is presented on the philosophical bases of statistics, touching upon such topics as determinism and indeterminism, chance and chaos, deductive and inductive reasoning, randomness and uncertainty, and the impact of the information revolution on the development of statistical methods, especially in the context of socio-economic research. The article concludes with the formulation of key questions regarding the future development of statistics.

2

Nieprzemienne rachunki prawdopodobieństwa

86%

Heller M.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2010

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issue 47

38-53

PL

The paper can be regarded as a short and informal introduction to noncommutative calculi of probability. The standard theory of probability is reformulated in the algebraic language. In this form it is readily generalized to that its version which is virtually present in quantum mechanics, and then generalized to the so-called free theory of probability. Noncommutative theory of probability is a pair (M, φ) where M is a von Neumann algebra, and φ a normal state on M which plays the role of a noncommutative probability measure. In the standard (commutative) theory of probability, there is, in principle, one mathematically interesting probability measure, namely the Lebesgue measure, whereas in the noncommutative theories there are many nonequivalent probability measures. Philosophical implications of this fact are briefly discussed.

3

W obronie tak zwanych „pragmatycznych” uzasadnień probabilizmu

51%

Dziurosz-Serafinowicz P.

Studia Philosophiae Christianae

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2013

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vol. 49

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issue 2

49-78

PL

Celem artykułu jest obrona tak zwanych „pragmatycznych” uzasadnień probabilizmu, tj. tezy mówiącej, iż stopnie przekonania racjonalnego podmiotu powinny być zgodne z aksjomatami teorii prawdopodobieństwa. Analizowane uzasadnienia to: Argument z Zakładu Holenderskiego (AZH) oraz Argument z Twierdzenia o Reprezentacji (ATR). Oba te argumenty natrafiają na szereg problemów istotnie podważających ich wartość, a tym samym probabilizm (operacjonizm, wymuszony zakład, itd.). W niniejszym artykule wykazane zostało, iż odpowiednia reinterpretacja tych argumentów prowadzi do wyeliminowania najistotniejszych problemów.

EN

The aim of this article is to defend the so-called “pragmatic” arguments for probabilism, i.e., a thesis which holds that a rational agent’s degrees of belief should be modeled by the theory of probability. Two such arguments are analyzed: Dutch-Book Argument (DBA) and Representation Theorem Argument (RTA). Both of these arguments encounter a number of problems that seriously undermine their value, and thus probabilism (operationalism, a forced bet, etc.) The article shows that amongst the various interpretations of DBA and RTA we can find those that are able to resolve the main difficulties that beset those arguments.

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1 Przegląd Statystyczny

1 Studia Philosophiae Christianae

1 Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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1 Dziurosz-Serafinowicz P.

1 Heller M.

1 Pociecha J.

Philosophical foundations of statistical research

Nieprzemienne rachunki prawdopodobieństwa

W obronie tak zwanych „pragmatycznych” uzasadnień probabilizmu