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EN
According to the 1997 Code of Execution of Sentences, prison sentences are enforced in prisons of different kinds and types, and moreover under different systems. In the doctrine of the penal executive law, critical assessment of certain criteria applied while directing prisoners to prisons of appropriate kind and type can be found. However, the need for the operation of prisons differentiated into various kinds and types has not been questioned. The concept of the enforcement of prison sentences under three different systems so far has not been examined in detail, despite the fact that it has been over a dozen years after it was introduced into the penitentiary practice. In this article the origins of differentiated systems of the enforcement of prison sentences will be presented as well as certain controversial aspects of this solution, including: the possibility to implement the therapeutic system outside the therapeutic unit, the unclear differences between the enforcement of prison sentences under the ordinary and programmed treatment system and a high proportion of recidivists serving their sentences under ordinary system without any sentence plan although it is a group of prisoners who have a number of criminogenic needs increasing the risk of re-offending.
XX
Among the prison population in Poland there are also people with disabilities. The text will focus on physical disability. Convicts with physical disabilities constitute a group that, in penitentiary reality, is faced with many difficulties. Specialised interactions should be directed towards them. Prison Service officers try to minimise factors that may adversely affect the functioning of people with physical disabilities in prisons and pre-trial detention centres. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to prisoners with a physical disability and the specificity of their needs in penitentiary units.
PL
Agnieszka Nymś-Górna, Prisoners with disabilities in the Polish penitentiary system. Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy, no. 24, Poznań 2019.Pp. 177-187. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2019.24.10 The article deals with the subject of both intellectually and physically disabled prisoners. It describes people with disabilities, the functioning of the therapeutic system for prisoners and the situation of detaining people with disabilities in penitentiary isolation. The text aims to sensitise this issue and to identify this problem in the organisation of the penitentiary system.
PL
W przedstawionym artykule ukazano wybrane aspekty sytuacji penitencjarnej osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w Polsce. Rozważania uwzględniają rys historyczny, dotyczący ewolucji nie tylko systemu więziennictwa w tym zakresie, lecz także podejścia do osadzonych z tego rodzaju dysfunkcją. Ponadto omówione zostały kwestie związane z odbywaniem kary pozbawienia wolności przez osoby z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w systemie terapeutycznym, uzupełnione danymi statystycznymi, które ukazują liczbę osadzonych w tym trybie w latach 2008–2016.
EN
The article presents selected aspects of the penitentiary situation of persons with intellectual disabilities in Poland. The considerations take into account the historical outline of the evolution of the prison system in this respect and the approach to prisoners with this kind of dysfunction. In addition, issues related to the imprisonment of persons with intellectual disability in the therapeutic system were also discussed, which were supplemented with statistical data showing the number of intellectually disabled prisoners in 2008–2016.
EN
The penalty of imprisonment is to contain a full ailment expressing condemnation for the committed prohibited acts. The Executive Penal Code indicates that the purpose of imprisonment is to “arouse in the convict the will to cooperate in shaping his socially desirable attitudes, in particular the sense of responsibility and the need to comply with the legal order and thus refrain from returning to crime”, and thus – preventing recidivism. The main task is to prepare the convict for life in freedom, shaping his responsibility for his actions, as well as the will to cooperate for his social readaptation. In view of the above, the legislator introduced the institution of three punishment enforcement systems into the Executive Penal Code and thus gave a high degree to the issue of interactions undertaken during the execution of a penalty of imprisonment, additionally emphasizing it in the name given to each system. This study uses the analysis of the resulting statistical data from own research and literature on the subject in the scope of discussing the systems of execution of the penalty of imprisonment and their impact on recidivism. What causes convicts to return to crime after serving a sentence of imprisonment? Will a well-chosen system of serving a prison sentence really prevent the risk of recidivism?
PL
Kara pozbawienia wolności ma zawierać pełną dolegliwość wyrażającą potępienie dla popełnionych czynów zabronionych. Kodeks karny wykonawczy wskazuje, że celem kary pozbawienia wolności jest wzbudzanie w skazanym woli współdziałania w kształtowaniu jego społecznie pożądanych postaw, w szczególności poczucia odpowiedzialności oraz potrzeby przestrzegania porządku prawnego i tym samym powstrzymania się od powrotu do przestępstwa, a co za tym idzie – zapobiegnięcie powrotu do przestępstwa. Zasadniczym zadaniem jest przygotowanie skazanego do życia na wolności, kształtowanie jego odpowiedzialności za czyny, a także woli współdziałania na rzecz jego readaptacji społecznej. Z uwagi na powyższe ustawodawca wprowadził do Kodeksu karnego wykonawczego instytucję trzech systemów wykonywania kary i tym samym przyznał wysoki stopień problematyce oddziaływań podejmowanych w trakcie wykonywania kary pozbawienia wolności, dodatkowo ją akcentując w nadanej każdemu systemowi nazwie. W niniejszym opracowaniu posłużono się analizą danych statystycznych wynikających z prowadzonych badań własnych oraz literaturą przedmiotu w zakresie omówienia systemów wykonywania kary pozbawienia wolności oraz ich wpływu powrotność do przestępstwa. Co powoduje, że skazani po odbyciu kary pozbawienia wolności decydują się na powrót do przestępstwa? Czy rzeczywiście dobrze dobrany system wykonywania kary pozbawienia wolności pozwoli zapobiec ryzyku powrotu do przestępstwa?
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