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Časová perspektiva jako významný regulativ v lidském životě a žákovské motivaci

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Pavelková I., Purková V., Menšíková V.
Studia paedagogica
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2010
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issue 1
29-45
EN
Divided into two parts, this essay reflects upon the problem of time perspective. The opening part shortly describes the main theoretical concepts so far existing within the subject matter. From the psychological viewpoint, the factor of time in human life has been approached in various ways: the cognitive, cognitive-motivational, and life-long. The concepts of Lewin, Raynor, Gjesme, Nuttin, Heckhausen and Zimbardo are analysed. Of Czech authors, the “perspective orientation” by Pavelková is presented. The opening part is concluded with the strategies used for the operationalization of the concepts of time perspective, discussing the possibilities of time perspective diagnostics. Part two presents some selected results of time research investigations carried out with the Czech population.
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Associations between Psychosocial Well-being and the Development of Beneficial Time Perspectives

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Temple E. C.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Psychologica
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2013
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vol. 6
72-87
EN
A growing body of research suggests that some time perspective orientations are more beneficial than others with regard to well-being. However, little is known about the factors affecting the development of these time perspectives. This gap in the research was addressed through two studies. Study 1 (N = 218; M = 29.8 years, SD = 11.45) identified ZTPI past positive (PP) as a beneficial time perspective and past negative (PN) as a detrimental time perspective. Structural equation modelling was then used in Study 2 (N = 443; M = 31.2 years, SD = 13.0) to develop two models of the associations between attachment orientation, basic psychological need satisfaction and PP and PN, respectively. While anxious and avoidant attachment orientation were associated with both PP and PN, the three basic psychological needs were differentially associated. The findings of these studies suggest the importance of early childhood care to the development of beneficial time perspectives.
3
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Student Time Perspective in the Context of Their Preferred Values

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Kałużna-Wielobób A.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Psychologica
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2013
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vol. 6
88-108
EN
The aim of the thesis is to research the connections between time perspective and values of university students. The following investigative methods were used: The Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) and Schwartz’s Portraits Value Questionnaire (PVQ-21). The group consisted of 127 students of Pedagogical University in Cracow. The results obtained show connections between temporal orientation and the values esteemed by the students. A positive correlation was found between Present-Hedonistic scale and following values: Hedonism, Stimulation and Self-direction, and negative correlation with Benevolence and Tradition. The Future perspective was positively associated with Conformity, Tradition, Achievements, Self-direction and Universalism, and negatively with Hedonism. Past-Positive is positively connected with Conformity and Tradition. Past-Negative – positively with Power and negatively with Stimulation and Self-direction.
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Career Indecision from the Perspective of Time Orientation

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Lukács F., Orosz G.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Psychologica
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2013
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vol. 6
126-141
EN
The present study focuses on the link between career indecision status and time perspective of high school students. Previous works mainly investigated the relationship between future orientation and career indecision, neglecting attitudes towards other time perspective dimensions, such as the past and the present. Therefore, our aim was to overcome this hiatus by using the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999) and Career Factor Inventory (Chartrand, Robbins, Morrill & Boggs, 1990) in a sample of 683 high school students. By considering variable-centered and person-centered analyses, results suggest that scores on TP factors are closely associated with the career indecision type that one can be classified into. “Path seeker” and “Ready to decide” students have a balanced time perspective; “Chronically indecisive” youngsters have a time perspective pattern which is dominated by the past negative factor and they are less future-oriented; “Choice anxious” students have scores lower on all TP factors (except Past-Negative TP) than any other group.
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Interindividual Differences and Intraindividual Variability in Emotional Well-being: an Examination of Gender, Time Perspective and Emotion Regulation

100%
Gao Y.-J.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Psychologica
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2013
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vol. 6
58-71
EN
This study examined Taiwanese undergraduates’ trajectories of emotional well-being, positive affect, and negative affect over a 16-week period within one semester. The effect of their differences in gender and time perspective profiles on intraindividual variability of weekly affect and associations between time trends of affects and use of two emotional regulation strategies, i.e., reappraisal and suppression, were also investigated. Longitudinal data from 96 undergraduates were analyzed by hierarchical linear modeling (HLM). With time passing, the habitual use of reappraisal was related to the increase of emotional well-being and positive affect and related to the decline of negative affect. By contrast, habitually using suppression was related to an increase of negative affect over time. The main findings also indicated that individuals with balanced time perspective had higher levels of emotional well-being compared to those without balanced time perspective at the baseline of the study. Gender and time perspective profiles were also demonstrated as moderators in the relationship between changes in using emotional regulation strategies on emotional well-being.
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Time Perspective and Self-Esteem: Negative Temporality Affects the Way We Judge Ourselves

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Ortuño V. E. C., Echeverría A. V.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Psychologica
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2013
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vol. 6
109-125
EN
Time Perspective is the process by which people categorize, archive and recover personal and social experiences through temporal frames (past, present, and future), influencing various aspects of human behaviour and cognition. It was proposed that it is related to selfesteem, though until now the main approach when exploring this relation was correlational. In this study, we explore a structural equation model of Time Perspective’s association with Self-Esteem. The sample was composed of 474 undergraduate students with a mean age of 19 years. The final model presented a high predictive power of Self-Esteem (R2 =.39, p < .001) and good fit indices (x2/df = 2.1, CFI = .94, GFI = .91, RMSEA = .05) with two temporal dimensions entering the model: Past Negative (βSelf-Esteem.PastNegative = -.52, p < .001) and Future-Negative (βSelf-Esteem.FutureNegative = -.17, p < .001) showing that negative affects of time dimensions (rather than positive ones) are more related to Self-Esteem. Results are discussed in relation to Self-Esteem and TP literature.
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Perspektywa temporalna w narracjach o życiu w trakcie pandemii COVID-19 u osób we wczesnej i średniej dorosłości

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Duplaga A., Jezierski K., Rostek I.
Człowiek i Społeczeństwo
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2023
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vol. 56
239-259
EN
The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the Polish people’s life. At the same time the development period may also modify a perception of life situation. The paper presents the results of research on temporal perspective in the early (n = 38) and the middle (n = 38) adulthood in a pandemic situation. Participants of the study wrote a narrative about their life. The obtained narratives were analyzed according to the categories distinguished by Zimbardo and Boyd and coded: past positive perspective, past negative perspective, present fatalistic perspective, present hedonistic perspective, future perspective. Some extra categories of perspectives were also used: the neutral dimension (in relation to the past, present and future) and axiological (in relation to present). Results showed dominance of present perspective in both groups, wherein it was more frequent in the early adulthood. There were statistically significant differences in present fatalistic perspective – in the early adulthood it occurred more frequently. No significant differences between groups were noticed in reference to other perspectives. The obtained material probably captures a part of the process of incorporating atypical life situations into the internal narrative scheme. It also seems that the pandemic crisis triggered the need to focus on maintaining the current level of functioning in the face of new challenges.
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Indywidualna perspektywa czasowa osób skazanych na kary izolacyjne – implikacje dla oddziaływań resocjalizacyjnych

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Gulla B., Tucholska K., Wysocka-Pleczyk M.
Resocjalizacja Polska
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2015
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issue 10/2015
41-54
PL
Autorzy prezentują nowe spojrzenie na perspektywę temporalną, mogącą pełnić rolę uzupełniającą w resocjalizacji osób odbywających kary izolacyjne w warunkach zakładu karnego. Nieuwzględnianie w dotychczasowych koncepcjach resocjalizacji osobistych preferencji temporalnych skazanych może być przyczyną niepowodzeń podejmowanych oddziaływań. Indywidualizacja propozycji resocjalizacyjnych w odniesieniu do dominującej orientacji czasowej osoby osadzonej czyni je bardziej adekwatnymi wobec osobistych mechanizmów psychologicznego funkcjonowania, bardziej dostępnymi poznawczo dla skazanego, motywuje do większego zaangażowania w tak zaplanowaną resocjalizację i równocześnie sprzyja zrównoważeniu perspektywy temporalnej w przyszłości. Zbalansowana orientacja czasowa jest zasobem, który po opuszczeniu zakładu karnego przez skazanego będzie sprzyjał jego odejściu od przestępczości.
EN
The paper is to offer a new look at temporal perspective, which might supplement resocialization of persons serving custodial sentences in prisons. The neglect of temporal aspects might cause failures in correctional operations. The individualization of resocialization proposals by referring them to the dominant temporal orientation of an inmate makes them more suitable for the convict’s psychological functioning’s mechanisms and more cognitively accessible for him/her. It motivates to larger commitment to participate in so planned resocialization and creates favourable conditions for time perspective to be balanced. Optimally, a balanced time perspective is a resource, which may increase the likelihood individuals will avoid engaging in criminal behaviour after being released from prison. Key words: time perspective, prison sentence, resocialization.
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Personal quality of life factors among imprisoned repeat offenders

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Dolińska-Zygmunt G., Mokrzyńska K.
Polish Journal of Applied Psychology
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2013
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vol. 11
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issue 4
109-122
XX
Our objective was to demonstrate the level of life quality among recidivist prisoners and to determine the personal factors associated with that feature. In our research 100 prisoners participated. Used in the measurement were The Questionnaire of Sense Of Quality of Life, Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire INTE, Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, Generalized Self Effi cacy Scale (GSES), and Life Orientation Test- Revised – LOT-R. The measured quality of life levels were as follows: 32% prisoners obtained low; 59% average and 9% high scores. These persons had low levels of emotional intelligence (41% low scores), an average level of optimism (66% average scores) and high self-effi cacy (42% high scores). Prisoners negatively evaluated their past, fatalistically evaluatedtheir present, and firmly focused on the future. The study indicates a strong correlation between sense of life quality and emotional intelligence, and future time perspective and optimism. This information might be important in creating rehabilitation programs for prisoners.
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Intolerance of Uncertainty-Related Aspects of Planning for the Future During the Pandemic

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Hromova H. M.
Journal of Education Culture and Society
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2022
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vol. 13
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issue 1
257-269
EN
Thesis. The ability to set long-term goals is associated with lower levels of Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU), but the pandemic has interrupted the established planning strategies. This study aims to clarify the differences in the planning horizons before and during the pandemic for people with different levels of IU. Methods. The study was conducted in March-April 2021. 120 respondents filled in Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, short form (IUS-12), Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZPTI) and answered two additional questions about the duration of the planning period. Then comparison and correlation analyses were conducted. Results. Respondents with different levels of IU also differ in terms of their Time Perspective (TP) profiles. During the pandemic, average planning horizons became shorter for all respondents. The subgroup with low IU showed that planning is associated with the present TP scales. There was a direct association between attitudes towards the Future and planning horizons in the subgroup with average IU level. Planning horizons associated with Past Negative and Present Fatalistic TP were present in the group with high IU level. Conclusion. During the pandemic, levels of IU and planning horizons have shown an inverse relationship. The pandemic and inability to plan in advance in a habitual way primarily affect people who tend to feel confused in conditions of uncertainty and insecurity, that is, people with high scores on the Inhibitory Anxiety scale in the IU questionnaire. Peculiarities of how the planning strategies change in subgroups with different levels of IU before and during the pandemic are discussed.
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Correlation Between Time Perspective and Defense Mechanisms of Ukrainian Students During the War

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Lazurenko O., Tertychna N., Smila N.
Journal of Education Culture and Society
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2023
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vol. 14
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issue 1
198-206
EN
Aim. The article is aimed at proving the hypothesis that there are significant correlations between the defense mechanisms and the perception of time perspective in young people under the conditions of war. Methods. The study was held in May 2022 with the involvement of students who were relocated to the west of Ukraine from the eastern regions due to active hostilities. The following research methods were used: survey; psychological testing (Life Style Index, Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory); statistic analysis. Results. The study shows that the most common defense mechanisms of young people during the war are: repression, projection and displacement. At the same time, men use the defense mechanism of projection more often than women, and women are more prone to regression. It is determined that young people during the war are the least oriented towards the future. Also, there are very few who would perceive the past negatively. Conclusion. The data obtained during the research indicate the need to develop a program of psychological support for young people during the war, which would allow: to develop awareness of one's own experiences, defense mechanisms, ways of ecologically living through traumatic experience; to form a healthier attitude to time, which would include planning for the future at least for the short term and would contribute to increasing motivation for life and self-development.
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"In Eighty Stories Around the Human Life". The Psychological Time Binding Strategies in the (auto)BIOGRAPHICAL Narrative GAME

88%
Tokarska U.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Psychologica
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2013
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vol. 6
180-199
EN
The theoretical construct of balanced time perspective provides a valuable context for the process of searching the possibilities of its psychological applications. The possibilities could be connected not only with the therapeutic, but also with the preventive and educational fields of psychology. Some of the tools for achieving a balanced time perspective belong to existentially-oriented narrative psychology. This article presents one of them, created by myself, a narrative psychological tool for supporting adult development, which is titled Eighty Stories around the Human Life. The (auto)BIOGRAPHICAL Narrative GAME. This method is composed of such elements as a box of 100 coloured copyright playing cards with a dice, The Book of Stories, The Manual with exercises, and The Hypertextual Life-Story Map. All these interconnected game parts had been prepared for the purpose of supporting the receivers’ ("players'") decisions about the content and sequence of an auto-narrative reconstruction of their lives. One of the most important strategies behind organizing this process during (and through) the game, is to practice and improve cognitive-emotional skills of recognizing, enriching, and harmonizing different time perspectives. The deliberate binding of the daily time context of actual experience with the past and future dimension of biographical time of life, connected with the transcendent perspective of life itself, leads the players to construct rich, multidimensional, and personally meaningful life story accounts. Selected important psychological functions of such a beneficial story construction and narrative abilities are described. The article is illustrated by presenting selected “game card exercises” proposed as the "narrative stimuli" for examining human lives in the time perspective context. From this point of view, the psychology of time meets the narrative psychology in the potentially meaningful cooperation, leading to the relatively new field of "applied psychology of time".
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Individual Time Perspective of Convicts on Imprisonment Sentences: Implications for Social Rehabilitation Interactions

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Gulla B., Tucholska K., Wysocka-Pleczyk M.
Resocjalizacja Polska
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2015
|
issue 10/2015
297-309
EN
The paper is to offer a new look at temporal perspective, which might supplement resocialization of persons serving custodial sentences in prisons. The neglect of temporal aspects might cause failures in correctional operations. The individualization of resocialization proposals by referring them to the dominant temporal orientation of an inmate makes them more suitable for the convict’s psychological functioning’s mechanisms and more cognitively accessible for him/her. It motivates to larger commitment to participate in so planned resocialization and creates favourable conditions for time perspective to be balanced. Optimally, a balanced time perspective is a resource, which may increase the likelihood individuals will avoid engaging in criminal behaviour after being released from prison. Key words: time perspective, prison sentence, resocialization.
PL
Autorzy prezentują nowe spojrzenie na perspektywę temporalną, mogącą pełnić rolę uzupełniającą w resocjalizacji osób odbywających kary izolacyjne w warunkach zakładu karnego. Nieuwzględnianie w dotychczasowych koncepcjach resocjalizacji osobistych preferencji temporalnych skazanych może być przyczyną niepowodzeń podejmowanych oddziaływań. Indywidualizacja propozycji resocjalizacyjnych w odniesieniu do dominującej orientacji czasowej osoby osadzonej czyni je bardziej adekwatnymi wobec osobistych mechanizmów psychologicznego funkcjonowania, bardziej dostępnymi poznawczo dla skazanego, motywuje do większego zaangażowania w tak zaplanowaną resocjalizację i równocześnie sprzyja zrównoważeniu perspektywy temporalnej w przyszłości. Zbalansowana orientacja czasowa jest zasobem, który po opuszczeniu zakładu karnego przez skazanego będzie sprzyjał jego odejściu od przestępczości.
14
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Przyszłość transcendentalna w starości

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Bugajska B., Timoszyk-Tomczak C.
EXLIBRIS Biblioteka Gerontologii Społecznej
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2015
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issue 1(9)/2015 Duchowość jako kategoria egzystencji i transcendencji w starości
119-132
EN
Th e purpose of this article is to present research on transcendental future in the life of old people. Th is temporal period embraces the time from physical death to eternity. Th e research focused on the frequency with which old people think about death, the belief in „life” aft er death, the transcendental aims old people set themselves and the generalised attitudes concerning the future. 350 people participated in the research, including 119 men and 232 women in three age sub-groups of 60-, 70- and 80-year-olds. Th e research was based on a survey for measuring the future time perspective and the scale of attitudes towards the future, both in an experimental version. Th e results showed that the older people are, the more oft en they think about death. Half of the respondents in late old age revealed transcendental aims, such as meeting their loved ones or obtaining salvation. At this stage in life the attitude towards one’s own future changes from realistic to transcendental.
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Perspektywa czasowa a dobrostan studentów

75%
Kałużna-Wielobób A.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Psychologica
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2014
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vol. 7
82-102
PL
Prezentowane badanie miało na celu uzyskanie odpowiedzi na pytanie: Jakie są związki między perspektywami czasowymi a wymiarami psychologicznego dobrostanu u studentów? W badaniu posłużono się następującymi metodami: Kwestionariuszem Postrzegania Czasu Zimbardo oraz Skalami Psychologicznego Dobrostanu Ryff. W badaniu wzięło udział 127 studentów Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego w Krakowie. Badania pokazały, że perspektywy: przeszła negatywna oraz fatalistyczna teraźniejsza są negatywnie związane z dobrostanem. Pozytywnie z poczuciem dobrostanu łączą się perspektywy: przyszła oraz przeszła pozytywna. Co do skali teraźniejszej hedonistycznej nie stwierdzono jednoznacznych związków z dobrostanem. Jednak gdy wysokie wyniki w tej skali są zrównoważone wysokimi wynikami na skali przyszłościowej, wyższe jest również poczucie dobrostanu (niektórych aspektów). Wysoka orientacja na przyszłość okazała się w przypadku studentów związana pozytywnie z dobrostanem niezależnie od tego, czy jest zrównoważona perspektywą teraźniejszą hedonistyczną czy nie. Przedstawiono również propozycje kierunków pracy nad uzyskaniem optymalnej perspektywy czasowej, która będzie sprzyjała dobrostanowi.
EN
The aim of the thesis is to research the connections between time perspective and well-being of university students. The following investigative methods were used: The Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory and Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being. The group consisted of 127 students of the Pedagogical University in Cracow, Poland. The research demonstrated that the negative past and fatalistic present were negatively associated with all aspects of well-being. The future and the past were positively associated with most of the well-being scales. In relation to the present-hedonistic scale no clear connections to well-being were found. However, if high results in that scale are balanced with high results in the future scale, the feeling of well-being is also higher (for some aspects). High future orientation was, in this case, always positively connected with well-being, regardless of the fact whether it was balanced with present-hedonistic perspective or not. Suggestions for future research directions on obtaining optimal time perspective, conducive to well-being, were presented.
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Člověk a subjektivní čas

63%
Mareš J.
Studia paedagogica
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2010
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issue 1
9-27
EN
This overview study summarizes the current psychological knowledge about subjective time as a peculiar dimension of human life. The opening part presents the five stages of explorations in subjective time between the 19th century psycholog y and today. Next, four basic psychological concepts of subjective time (time as the sequence of events, time as duration, time as perspective and, finally, the contextual concept of time) are explained. Part three comments on the peculiarities of lived time (boundaries between past, present and the future and instances of subjective violation of the course of time). Part four of the study summarizes the diagnostic procedures enabling to observe the subjective perception, living and assessment of time (quantitative and qualitative approaches). Part of the explanation is examples referring to pedagogical applications of the psychological knowledge about subjective time.
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Empowered and satisfied : relationship between empowerment, temporal life satisfaction and time perspective

63%
Maciantowicz O., Witowska J., Sass-Stańczak K.
Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)
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2018
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vol. 62
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issue 5
488-502
EN
Previous research has shown that, among psychiatric patients, empowerment is connected with satisfaction with life. However, assuming the existence of a continuum between health and illness, a similar connection in nonclinical subjects can be expected. Additionally, recent research has shown that time perspective influences life satisfaction. This study aimed to investigate how empowerment and time perspective impact perceived satisfaction with life in the past, the present and the future. The results indicate that there are significant relationships between empowerment, time perspective, and temporal satisfaction with life. Regression analysis showed that a balanced time perspective (BTP) and Past NEgative time perspective are especially important predictors for satisfaction with life in each time framework. BTP and empowerment, taken together, are important sources of present and future life satisfaction, Past Negative and empowerment are important predictors of present satisfaction with life. The results may be important for thinking about the structure of human psychological characteristics and understanding sources of adaptive functioning and well-being.
CS
Dřívější výzkum ukázal, že u psychiatrických pacientů je zmocnění spojeno s životní spokojeností. Za předpokladu existence kontinua mezi zdravím a nemocí lze očekávat, že podobná spojitost bude nalezena u neklinických subjektů. Současný výzkum navíc ukázal, že časová perspektiva ovlivńuje životní spokojenost. Cílem studie bylo zjistit, jak zmocnění a časová perspektiva ovlivňují vnímanou životní spokojenost v minulosti, současnosti a budoucnosti. Výsledky ukazují, že existují významné vztahy mezi zmocněním, časovou perspektivou a současnou životní spokojeností. Regresní analýza ukázala, že vyrovaná časová perspektiva a minulá negativní časová perspektiva jsou zvláště důležitými prediktory životní spokojenosti v každém časovém rámci. Vyrovnaná časová perspektiva a zmocnění jsou společně důležitými zdroji současné a budoucí životní spokojenosti, minulá negativní časová perspektiva a zmocnění jsou důležitými prediktory současné životní spokojenosti. Výsledky mohou být důležité pro uvažování o struktuře lidských psychologických charakteristik a pro porozumění zdrojům adaptivního fungování a životní spokojenosti.
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Ale na razie tu cisza” – fotografie sprzed katastrofy w wybranych zapisach literackich (Stefan Chwin, Ryszard Kapuściński, Wisława Szymborska)

63%
Strąk M.
Przegląd Humanistyczny
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2020
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vol. 64(1 (468))
65-80
PL
The work aims to show a peculiar perspective of looking at photographs taken on the eve of the broadly understood disaster, which is specified in a slightly different way in each of the literary texts (Stefan Chwin’s autobiographical novel Krótka historia pewnego żartu [The brief history of a certain joke], a poem by Ryszard Kapuściński Na wystawie „Fotografia chłopów polskich do 1944 r.” [At an exhibition “The Polish peasants in photographs to 1944”] and Wisława Szymborska’s Fotografia z 11 września [Photograph from September 11]) – as death in a concentration camp, a general concept of the First World War or a terrorist attack. Upcoming tragic events – of which the photographed people are not yet aware – become for the subsequent recipient an inseparable element of reality contained in the frame. For the later observers, privileged with time perspective, the characters captured in the photograph are already victims of the catastrophe, which in reality was not yet recorded by the camera. It is a work about coexistence of the past and future in the field of photography.
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Future anxiety as a predictor of the fear of childbirth

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Zdybek P. M., Haimann M.
Family Forum
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2017
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issue 7
127-143
EN
The fear of childbirth is an emotional phenomenon, the mild symptoms of which are felt by most women, independently of their condition and stage of their pregnancy. The fear of childbirth is a variable which according to most research results has a negative influence on procreation decisions, the course of pregnancy and the childbirth. A group of Polish women (N = 350) was examined. Woman participants were invited for research by gynaecological clinics. They filled in the questionnaire which includes Fear of Childbirth (Putyński, 1997), Future anxiety (Zaleski, 1996) Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999), obstetric and sociodemographic questions. The regression analysis has been made testing to what extent the obstetric, sociodemographic and psychological factors explain the occurrence of the fear of childbirth. The obtained data make it possible to differentiate the temporal orientation, future anxiety, as psychological variables having the biggest influence on the fear of childbirth.
PL
Lęk przed porodem jest zjawiskiem emocjonalnym, którego łagodnych objawów doświadcza większość kobiet, niezależnie od stanu i etapu ciąży. Lęk przed porodem jest zmienną według większości badań oddziałującą na decyzje prokreacyjne, przebieg ciąży i porodu. Lęk przed porodem jako zmienna silnie wpływa na deklarowanie chęci cesarskiego cięcia. Przebadano grupę (N = 350) polskich kobiet, które były zapraszane do badań poprzez przychodnie ginekologiczne. Kobiety wypełniały ankietę mierzącą następujące konstrukty: lęk przed porodem (Putyński, 1997), lęk przed przyszłością (Zaleski, 1996), orientację temporalną (Zimbardo i Boyd, 1999) oraz metryczkę mierzącą zmienne położnicze i demograficzne. Wykonano analizę regresji, testując, na ile czynniki socjodemograficzne, położnicze oraz psychologiczne wyjaśniają występowanie lęku porodowego. Uzyskane dane pozwalają na wyróżnienie orientacji, a w szczególności lęku przed przyszłością, jako zmiennych mających największy wpływ na lęk przed porodem.
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CIĄGŁOŚĆ I ZMIANA W POLSKIEJ ANDRAGOGICE – WYBRANE ASPEKTY Z PERSPEKTYWY CZASU

63%
Dubas E. b.
Edukacja Dorosłych
|
2018
|
vol. 2(79)
27-41
PL
W tekście podjęto próbę spojrzenia na dokonania polskiej andragogiki jako nauki z perspektywy prawie stulecia, akcentując ciągłość i zmianę w jej rozwoju. Autorka uwypukliła wybrane refleksje nad ciągłością i zmianą podejmowane przez polskich andragogów, a także uwzględniła kontekst ciągłości i zmiany, analizując przedmiot badań andragogiki, zmianę paradygmatów badawczych oraz kwestię jej teoretyczności.
EN
The article deals with achievements of Polish andragogy from nearly century perspective, with special attention to its continuity and change. The author emphasises chosen reflections of Polish adragogists on continuity and change, furthermore continuity and changes are also considered as a context for analysis of research subject in andragogy, change of research paradigms and including such aspects as theory.
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