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PL
This article is intended for philosophers and logicians as a short partial introduction to category theory (CT) and its peculiar connection with logic. First, we consider CT itself. We give a brief insight into its history, introduce some basic definitions and present examples. In the second part, we focus on categorical topos semantics for propositional logic. We give some properties of logic in toposes, which, in general, is an intuitionistic logic. We next present two families of toposes whose tautologies are identical with those of classical propositional logic. The relatively extensive bibliography is given in order to support further studies.
EN
The goal of the article is to discuss the latest book of Magdalena Siwiec, entitled Romantyczne koncepcje poezji. Poeta i Muza – relacja w stanie kryzysu (Alfred de Musset i Juliusz Słowacki) [Romantic concepts of poetry. The poet and the Muse – a relation in crisis (Alfred de Musset and Juliusz Słowacki)]. The book has a comparative approach and consists of two parts. In the first, theoretical part, the author poses questions about the logic of development of Romanticism in Poland and France, about Romantic generations, contemporary theories of poetry and the crisis that affected the age. Against this historically determined background, the author presents the changes in the topics of the Muses. In the second part, where an analytical approach dominates, Magdalena Siwiec presents various facets of the topos in Musset’s and Słowacki’s works. Both parts correspond perfectly with each other. The Cracovian critic demonstrates again her interpretative talent and introduces an excellent example of an academic synthesis of the Romanticism, both in Poland and France.
EN
It is well-established that topos theory is inherently connected with intuitionistic logic. In recent times several works appeared concerning so-called complement-toposes (co-toposes), which are allegedly connected to the dual to intuitionistic logic. In this paper I present this new notion, some of the motivations for it, and some of its consequences. Then, I argue that, assuming equivalence of certain two definitions of a topos, the concept of a complement-classifier (and thus of a co-topos as well) is, at least in general and within the conceptual framework of category theory, not appropriately defined. For this purpose, I first analyze the standard notion of a subobject classifier, show its connection with the representability of the functor Sub via the Yoneda lemma, recall some other properties of the internal structure of a topos and, based on these, I critically comment on the notion of a complement-classifier (and thus of a co-topos as well).
EN
This article is a report from the academic conference “Stanisław Orzechowski – political writer. On his 500th birth anniversary” which took place on 17 and 18 October 2013 in Przemyśl, Żurawica and Orzechowce. The aim of that conference initiated by the TPN (Society of the Friends of Learning) in Przemyśl, was to honor the 500th birth anniversary of Stanisław Orzechowski, a former canon of Przemyśl, Renaissance humanist, author of political writings, originator of philosophical concepts. The conference participants were academics from universities and colleges from Kraków, Lublin, Łódź, Przemyśl, Rzeszów and Warsaw and the proceedings were of interdisciplinary nature, which created an opportunity for concrete analysis and confrontation with the cultural and literary legacy of Stanisław Orzechowski. The basic plenary part of the conference involved the papers by eight speakers and contributions of the debate’s participants.
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