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EN
The topic of this article is focused mainly on presenting two subjects. First one in cultural tourism, second one is Finland as a travel destination. In both cases man can speak about a trend that showed up in the beginning of 21st century. This trend is focused on developing cultural tourism as a reason for traveling on one hand and on Scandinavia as a very exotic and not well know tourist destination on the other hand. Watching the fast growing group of people interested in cultural tourism and visiting Northern Europe we should look closer at the direction cultural tourism in Scandinavia is choosing. This area is so large and worth researching that we decided to present each of Nordic countries separately. In this article directions of development of cultural tourism in Finland are presented as well as trends, attractions and areas of promotional work of tourism boards in this country.
EN
Multiculturalism, understood as the coexistence of many cultures, can significantly increase the tourist attractiveness of a particular area, and thus become the impulse for the creation of the tourist function and promote the area for cultural tourism. Podlasie, as a contemporary administrative region, is not only the area of outstanding natural beauty, but also unique in the country on account of different cultures coexisting in this region for many centuries. In the Podlasie region you can find many sites that provide about multiculturalism, both ethnic and religious. The purpose of this paper is to present some of them and to show the potential of Podlasie for development of various forms of cultural tourism.
EN
The aim of the article is to illustrate the specificity of the new paradigm for the de-velopment of tourism as well as the evaluation – in its framework – of the selected stra-tegic documents concerning two underdeveloped Voivodeships of Eastern Poland, i.e. the Lublin and Subcarpathian Voivodeships. The choice of those two Voivodeships was intentional, since they are both characterised by interesting natural and cultural values, however, tourism is not a significant stimulus for development and competitiveness enhancement within either the national and international dimension. From the analysis of the selected strategic documents one may conclude that strategic planning of a new ap-proach towards development of tourism is becoming more widespread, though its possi-ble innovative nature is barely noticeable.
EN
Nowadays tourism is an important factor for socio-cultural transformations which are particularly noticeable in tourist reception regions. We can observe two major trends of cultural changes. In the regions of mass tourism (mainly of recreational function) we have to face the progressive westernization of space, which is most visible in a sort of unification of spatial and architectural systems. Nevertheless, the growing number of examples shows that local authorities and communities have started to pay more attention to the preservation of a region’s cultural heritage. Hence, various aspects of fostering the regional culture might be observed in both small towns, which are in the so-called tourist penetration stage, as well as in the large centres of mass tourism, where they are of rather cognitive function. In the present article, these changes are discussed by means of selected examples, with the focus of attention falling on the character of architectural forms.
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EN
The elaboration includes definition of "urban games" and basic typology of this kind of games. Furthermore, taking as an example the city of Krakow, there have been shown possibilities of sightseeing city space through urban games. Taking into account the results of carried out surveys there has been an attempt to evaluate the popularity of such games as tourist products. Urban games and other forms of field games are innovative ideas for presentation, disclosure and interpretation of natural and cultural heritage. Urban games can become an alternative to a traditional guided sightseeing of an urban area. There may be several reasons of such choice; interesting way to explore the city, aspects of play and physical activity, better memorization of information as well as possibility of being independent from guide's preferences, self activity and getting around the paths other than the ones which are popular among tourists. A well-prepared urban game is part of the particular trend in tourism based on entertainment, emotions, education and engagement (4×e). A player becomes an active participant in the adventure directed by the organizers, however he solves the tasks using his own ideas and variants of routes.
PL
W opracowaniu zdefiniowano pojęcie gry miejskiej, przeprowadzono wstępną typologię tej formy zabawy, a na przykładzie Krakowa przedstawiono kontekst innowacyjności tej formy zwiedzania przestrzeni miejskiej. Dodatkowo, na podstawie wyników przeprowadzonego badania ankietowego, podjęto próbę oceny popularności gier miejskich jako produktów turystycznych. Gry miejskie i inne formy zabaw terenowych to innowacyjne pomysły na prezentację, udostępnienie oraz interpretację dziedzictwa przyrodniczego i kulturowego. Gry miejskie stają się istotną alternatywą dla tradycyjnego zwiedzania przestrzeni miejskiej z przewodnikiem. Uzasadnienia takiego wyboru turysty można upatrywać w interesującym sposobie zwiedzania miasta, aspektach zabawy i aktywności fizycznej, lepszym zapamiętaniu informacji, uniezależnieniu się od preferencji przewodnika czy też pilota, własnej aktywności oraz poruszaniu się nie tylko utartymi przez turystów ścieżkami. Dobrze przygotowana gra miejska wpisuje się w trend turystyki bazujący na zabawie, emocjach, edukacji i zaangażowaniu turysty (4×e = entertainment, emotion, education, engage). Gracz staje się czynnym uczestnikiem wyreżyserowanej przez organizatorów przygody, rozwiązuje jednak zadania na bazie swoich pomysłów, według własnych wariantów tras.
PL
Większość krajów po raz pierwszy stanęła w obliczu zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa życia swoich obywateli i nie jest gotowa odpowiednio reagować na zagrożenia pochodzenia biologicznego. Aby zrozumieć istotę społeczno-ekonomicznych konsekwencji wybuchu pandemii koronawirusa, w artykule rozważa się pojęcia: bezpieczeństwa narodowego oraz bezpieczeństwa ekonomicznego. Stosując podejście konwergencji instytucji Unii Europejskiej, krajów Europy, Azji i Ameryki, naukowców i praktyków, autor udowadnia, że bezpieczeństwo ekonomiczne bezpośrednio koreluje z konkurencyjnością kraju, a poziom rozwoju inżynierii i technologii daje podstawy do oceny postępu społeczno-gospodarczego. Autor przeanalizował sytuację małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw stojących w obliczu pandemii koronawirusa. Swą uwagę skupił przede wszystkim na firmach branży turystycznej, gdyż są one szczególnie wrażliwe na wszelkie zmiany zachodzące w otoczeniu biznesowym. W artykule podano również przykłady działania firm (w szczególności start-upów), które swą pozycję rynkową zbudowały właśnie w czasach kryzysu. W celu złagodzenia negatywnych skutków gospodarczych wywołanych pandemią, autor zaleca wprowadzenie makroregulacji tymczasowych warunków rynkowych. Podkreśla również korzyści płynące z crowdsourcingu oraz partnerstwa publiczno-prywatnego.
EN
Most countries for the first time have faced a threat to the safety of their citizens' lives and are not ready to respond adequately to threats of biological origin. In order to understand the essence of the socio-economic consequences of the coronavirus pandemic outbreak, the concepts of ‘national security’ and ‘economic security’ have been considered in the article. Using the approach of institutional convergence within the European Union European and in Asian and American countries as well as in science and practice, the Author proves that economic security is directly correlated with the country's competitiveness, while the level of engineering and technology development provides the basis for assessment of socio-economic progress. The Author analyzed the standing of small and medium-sized enterprises in the face of the coronavirus pandemic. Attention was primarily focused on tourism-industry companies, as they are particularly sensitive to any changes taking place in the business environment. The article also provides examples of activity in companies (in particular start-ups) which have built their market position precisely during the time of crisis. In order to mitigate the negative economic effects caused by the pandemic, the Author recommends macroregulation of the temporary market conditions. The benefits of crowdsourcing and public-private partnerships have been highlighted.
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