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EN
Issues concerning seniors’ participation in tourism have been of increasing interest to many researchers. This results from their dynamic growth in the world’s most developed societies which, together with cultural changes, contributes to greater participation in various forms of tourism. So far, this phenomenon has been examined by applying quantitative methods, surveys being the most common. Some researchers state that qualitative methods may also be of great use in the analysis of tourist behaviour. Therefore, this article aims at presenting the methodological conditions of participant observation as a qualitative method for analysing such behaviour. Its use is exemplified by research findings on Polish seniors conducted among participants of package tours to various European countries. It presents observations concerning their behaviour in both time and space. Special attention was paid to seniors’ motives and the forms of tourism those motives led to.
EN
Tourism is a specific recreational form in the area of time and space relationship. Tourist leisure forms are included in physical activity and development, as well as, in mental activity and development, incorporating tourism such as hiking and trekking, physical recreation, sightseeing during trips, and also therapeutic forms. Tourism activity is generally considered in terms of particular activities chosen and undertaken outside the home, during the tourist migration. The aim of the conducted research was to define specific features of tourist-leisure migrations taken by Poznań agglomeration’s dwellers during the recreational forms of tourist activity. The proposed method was a model one because the most efficient theoretical-empirical research development strategy is in fact the method of reconstruction model creation. Whereas, in the tourism activity part of the research the authors decided to use a diagnostic survey (public opinion poll) method.
EN
The objective of this study is to present the barriers in undertaking tourist and recreational activity by disabled people. Methods. Diagnostic examinations (survey) were conducted with the application of a survey questionnaire on people with various level and type of disability (n = 100, 40 men, 60 women). The respondents were asked to indicate the barriers that – in their opinions – reduce participation of the disabled people in the tourism movement. Results. The respondents indicated that the financial issues constituted the largest barrier (economic barrier). This results from the fact that the disabled often have a worse position on the labour market, they earn less and, on the other hand, the products and tourist services adjusted to their needs are usually more expensive. This is – to a degree – related to the next barrier – an organizational one that the respondents mentioned as well. Conclusions. On the basis of the conducted study it can be stated that participation of the disabled in tourism is limited and this results from both the external barriers (financial, architectural) as well as the internal ones (psychological, social)
PL
Celem niniejszego opracowania jest ukazanie barier w podejmowaniu aktywności turystycznej i rekreacyjnej przez osoby z niepełnosprawnością. Metody. Przeprowadzono badania diagnostyczne (sondażowe) za pomocą kwestionariusza ankiety na osobach z różnym stopniem i rodzajem niepełnosprawności (n = 100, 40 mężczyzn, 60 kobiet). Respondenci zostali poproszeni o wskazanie barier, które – ich zdaniem – osobom z dysfunkcjami najbardziej ograniczają udział w ruchu turystycznym. Wyniki. Respondenci wskazali, iż największą barierę stanowią kwestie finansowe (bariera ekonomiczna). Wynika to z faktu, iż niepełnosprawni mają często gorszą pozycję na rynku pracy, zarabiają mniej, a z drugiej strony dostosowane do ich potrzeb produkty i usługi turystyczne są zazwyczaj droższe. Wiąże się to poniekąd z kolejną barierą – organizacyjną, na którą również respondenci zwrócili uwagę. Wnioski. Na podstawie przeprowadzonego badania można stwierdzić, iż udział osób niepełnosprawnych w turystyce jest ograniczony i wynika to z barier zewnętrznych (finansowych, architektonicznych), ale również barier wewnętrznych (psychologicznych, społecznych).
EN
Leisure-time behavior, including tourist activity among contemporary adolescents has raised great interest of scientists and the representatives of the tourism industry. Not only it is important to estimate the rate of tourism activity among adolescents, but also it is necessary to bear in mind the analysis of behavior shaped on account of their gender, place of residence, or level of education. An attempt to conduct such a study was made on the basis of survey data obtained within the group of 1,067 junior high school students of the selected voivodeships in Poland. The results obtained clearly indicate that almost 1/4 of the students surveyed had not participated in tourist trips. This was particularly noticeable in the case of boys and students living in rural areas. it is important to take broader steps to stimulate young people’s needs for tourism and sightseeing. First of all, from the family which is considered a social institution, it is expected to raise young generations in the spirit of tourism and active leisure. Family’s contemporary problems: increasing poverty, or even its (partial) marginalization are commonly disregarded. A systemic approach (support for families by schools, social organizations, and government units) appears to be a successful solution, but it is a long-term and complex process.
Tourism
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2010
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vol. 20
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issue 1
17-23
EN
The article presents conclusions on the tourism activity of university students in Łódź. It is based on a survey conducted in October and November 2008 among final year students at six state-run universities in Łódź. The article presents the socio-demographic structure of the respondents, their tourism trips and the factors influencing them, while the conclusions offer a functional model of recreation for the groups investigated.
|
2010
|
vol. 20
|
issue 1
17-23
EN
The article presents conclusions on the tourism activity of university students in Łódź. It is based on a survey conducted in October and November 2008 among final year students at six state-run universities in Łódź. The article presents the socio-demographic structure of the respondents, their tourism trips and the factors influencing them, while the conclusions offer a functional model of recreation for the groups investigated.
PL
Rosnące znaczenie rekreacji jako zjawiska gospodarczego budzi pytania dotyczące mechanizmów jej rozwoju. Współcześnie podstawowym regulatorem procesów gospodarczych jest rynek i relacje popyt–podaż. W związku z tym w niniejszym opracowaniu podjęto próbę określenia czynników warunkujących wielkość i strukturę popytu na usługi rekreacyjne młodzieży akademickiej Krakowa. Badaniami ankietowymi objęto w sumie 490 studentów studiów stacjonarnych i niestacjonarnych pierwszego stopnia Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego w Krakowie, Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II oraz Uniwersytetu Rolniczego. Jedną z hipotez badawczych była weryfikacja stwierdzenia, że czynnik ekonomiczny leży u podstaw możliwości uczestniczenia w rekreacji. Współcześnie młodzi ludzie mają wiele możliwości aktywnego wypoczynku i rekreacji. Czy zatem wydaje się zasadne stwierdzenie, że jedynie czynnik ekonomiczny może utrudniać uczestnictwo w różnych formach rekreacji? Badania wykazały, że główną barierą ograniczającą uczestnictwo studentów w różnych formach rekreacji jest brak wolnego czasu (34% ogółu odpowiedzi), następnie sytuacja finansowa (20,73%) oraz „brak chęci” (16,16% wszystkich wskazań). Blisko połowa respondentów (46,6%) wskazała, że przynajmniej raz w tygodniu korzysta z bazy sportowo-rekreacyjnej Krakowa, przy czym 5,9% codziennie, 24,5% – dwa–trzy razy w tygodniu, zaś 16,2% – raz w tygodniu. Porównanie wyników badań prowadzi do wniosku, że studenci dysponują wolnym czasem, ale przeznaczają go na korzystanie z internetu, natomiast aktywny wypoczynek i rekreacja są zajęciami o mniejszym znaczeniu.
EN
The growing importance of recreation as an economic phenomenon raises questions on its developmental mechanisms. At present, the market and demand-supply relations are the basic regulators of economic processes. Therefore, this paper is an attempt to determine the factors which are conditions for the size and structure of demand for recreation services among the university students in Krakow. The survey was administered among a total of 490 students of full-time and extramural undergraduate studies at the Pedagogical University in Krakow, the Pontifical University of John Paul II and the Agricultural University. One of the research hypotheses was the verification of the statement that the economic factor lies at the base of the possibilities to participate in recreation. Currently, young people have broad possibilities of active relaxation and recreation and it seems justified to state that only an economic factor may hinder participation in various forms of recreation. Research has shown that the main barriers that restrict student participation in various forms of recreation include the lack of free time (34% of all answers), followed by the financial condition (20.73%) and “lack of eagerness” (16.16%). Almost half of the respondents (46.6%) indicated that they use sports and recreational facilities in Krakow at least once a week while 5.9% do it every day, 24.5% – twice or three times a week, 16.2% once a week. The comparison of research results leads to the conclusion that students have their free time but they spend it on the Internet whereas active relaxation and recreation are of less importance to them.
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EN
Research into tourism activity of seniors is a response to social changes taking place in European countries, including Poland. Because of ageing societies, senior tourism becomes an important and developing sector of the tourism market. The purpose of this study was to explore the travelling patterns of elderly people who are socially active in their day-to-day environment. Also, this study addressed some research problems which boil down to determining: how often do Polish seniors travel; what are the main reasons behind senior tourism; and how are their trips organized. This paper includes a literature review and presents findings from an empirical study based on a survey questionnaire administered to learners at the University of the Third Age of the Warsaw University of Life Sciences. Based on their research, the authors identified the need for stimulating social activity, including tourism activity of seniors. The respondents enjoyed taking part in organized domestic and international trips. Research also suggests that seniors had a preference for long (at least 5-day) trips, willingly used travel agency services, and enjoyed travelling by plane and staying in hotels.
PL
Badania nad aktywnością turystyczną seniorów stanowią odpowiedź na zmiany społeczne, jakie zachodzą w krajach europejskich, w tym w Polce. Starzenie się społeczeństwa sprawia, że turystyka seniorów to ważny i rozwijający się sektor rynku turystycznego. Celem badań było rozpoznanie specyfiki wyjazdów osób starszych przejawiających w codziennym środowisku aktywność społeczną. Przyjęto również problemy badawcze, które sprowadzały się do określenia: częstotliwości wyjazdów seniorów w Polsce, głównych powodów wyjazdów turystycznych seniorów oraz sposobów organizacji tych wyjazdów. Dokonano analizy literatury oraz zaprezentowano wyniki badań empirycznych przeprowadzonych z wykorzystaniem ankiety wśród słuchaczy Uniwersytetu Trzeciego Wieku SGGW w Warszawie. Autorki wskazały potrzebę stymulowania aktywności społecznych, w tym aktywności turystycznej seniorów. Respondenci chętnie uczestniczyli w zorganizowanych wyjazdach krajowych i zagranicznych. Ponadto badania wskazują, iż seniorzy preferowali wyjazdy długookresowe, tj. minimum pięciodniowe, chętnie korzystali z usług biur podróży, transportu samolotowego oraz noclegów w hotelach.
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2014
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vol. 24
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issue 1
25-34
EN
Tourism space has been considered by most researchers to be the central object of tourism geography studies. The author defines tourism space, indicating the features which distinguish it within geographical space, as well as those which describe its character. He also presents a discussion on the need (or necessity) to make internal divisions and classifications, as well as on selected criteria and ways of classifying tourism space.
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