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Teorie transformativního učení (se) dospělých

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CS
V druhé polovině 20. století vznikla řada teorií učení se a vzdělávání dospělých, které měly za cíl vysvětlit a při jejich aplikaci do praxe umožnit a usnadnit adaptaci dospělého člověka na rychlé společenské a technologické změny, jež se v té době začaly projevovat v nejrůznějších oblastech života lidí v tzv. západní společnosti. Jednou z těchto teorií je i teorie transformativního učení Jacka Mezirowa. Jedná se o konstruktivisticky orientovanou teorii určenou pro vzdělavatele dospělých a zaměřenou specificky na dospělé účastníky vzdělávání v situaci, kdy již „nevystačí“ pouze s tím, co se naučili v dětství, a s nekritickým přijímáním autorit. Cílem článku je představit teorii transformativního učení z hlediska jejího vývoje i současné podoby včetně její kritiky jako možnou inspiraci pro teorii a praxi vzdělávání dospělých v České republice.
XX
The COVID-19 outbreak has had a great impact on our daily lives in many aspects, not least of which includes the education sector. Most governments around the world have decided to close educational institutions in order to contain the spread of the virus, which has required teach¬ers and students to transform their learning styles from on-campus to online. The previous research reveals that this physical transition from on-campus learning to online learning has brought not only technological considerations, but also changes in students’ experiences, emotions and perspectives, yet few studies have looked specifically into students’ perceptions on their transition to online learn¬ing. This qualitative research examines students’ learning experiences of and attitudes towards the transition from campus learning to online learning in the context of COVID-19, by analysing twelve semi-structured interviews with students at a university in Sweden. The interviews were created and conducted by thirteen participant-students, six of whom are also the authors of this research. The data collection, analysis and collaborative writing processes were conducted entirely online. Utilising transformative learning theory, the authors investigated how the participants reflected upon the learning transition and on transforming assumptions and expectations. By examining the interviews through the lens of transformative learning theory, the authors uncovered four important themes: life routine, interaction practices, learning process and self-perception.
PL
pektywie teorii transformatwnego uczenia się J. Mezirowa. Analiza literatury przedmiotu wykazuje istotne zbieżności pomiędzy działaniami, jaki podejmuje podmiot badania w autoetnografii (osoba dorosła) z działaniami, które według autora przywoływanej teorii podejmuje osoba w edukacji ustawicznej. Dzięki temu można wysunąć tezę, iż prowadzenie badania autoetnograficznego jest formą edukacji niezwykle skuteczną i prowadzącą do transformacji autora. Jest to też potwierdzenie prowadzonych przeze mnie szerszych badań opartych na analizie prac autoetnograficznych (licencjackich, magisterskich oraz kończących dany moduł kształcenia). Stąd też pozwalam sobie na wysunięcie propozycji, w ramach których wykorzystanie autoetnografii będzie pomocne w ustawicznym kształceniu osób dorosłych.
EN
The article is attempt show autoetnography as way of getting to know the world in perspective of J. Mezirow’s transformative learning theory. Analysis of literature indicates significant convergence between actions by entity in autoetnography (adult person) with actions person in lifelong education indicates by Mezirow. So it is possible to putting forward the tessis that conductiong of autoetnography research is very effective form is leading to transform of author. It is also verification own research based on analysis autoenography researches (bachelor’s, master’s and final theses of a given education module. Therefore I propose possibilites some ways of use autoetnography in lifelong education. The article is an attempt to present autoethnography as a way to explore the world in the perspective of the transformative learning theory by Jack Mezirow. The analysis of the literature shows significant convergence between the activities undertaken by the researcher in autoethnography (an adult) with the activities which, according to the author of the theory cited, are undertaken by a person in lifelong education. Consequently, one can put forward the thesis that conducting autoethnographic research is a form of education extremely effective and leading to the transformation of the author. It is also a confirmation of my extensive research based on the analysis of autoethnographic works, i.e. undergraduate, and graduate theses. Therefore, I allow myself to make a proposal in which the use of autoethnography will be helpful in the continuous education of adults.
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