Based on an analysis of two 18th-century Polish translations, the article aims to consider the adaptation of the source language text as a means of adjusting a translation to the target language culture. The renditions in question are: Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe translated by Jan Chrzciciel Albertrandi – Przypadki Robinsona Kruzoe 1769 and The Merry Wives of Windsor by William Shakespeare translated by Franciszek Zabłocki – Samochwał albo Amant Wilkołak 1782. After an outline of the views expressed by 18th-century Polish writers on translation and culture, selected examples of adaptation/interpretation of the source language texts are examined with a view to assessing the extent to which they may be considered to be translation adjustments to the target language culture.
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