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PL
Transnarodowe powiązania są logiczną konsekwencją procesów zachodzących w wyniku globalizacji i europeizacji. W ich efekcie granice państwowe odgrywają coraz mniejszą rolę. Administracje niemiecko-polskiego miasta bliźniaczego Görlitz/Zgorzelec wykorzystały w 1998 roku swoje położenie do tego, by zwrócić na siebie uwagę opinii publicznej, proklamując nazwę „Miasto Europejskie/ Europa-Miasto” (Europastadt). Niniejszy tekst powstał w oparciu o przeprowadzone po obu stronach granicy studium przypadku, mające na celu zbadanie transnarodowego obszaru tego „Miasta Europejskiego”, w którym granica formalnie nie pełni już funkcji dzielącej. Chodziło o odtworzenie codziennego życia i związanych z tym marszrut jego mieszkańców. W centrum uwagi znajduje się przede wszystkim ukazanie rozwoju miasta oraz zmian dotyczących funkcji granicy.
EN
Transnational links emerge as a logical consequence of the processes determined by globalization and Europeanization. The result of these processes is a diminishing importance of state borders. In this context Görlitz/Zgorzelec represents an interesting case. In the year 1998 the municipal authorities of this German-Polish twin city made use of its distinctive location by proclaiming the special name ‘European city/ Europe-city’ (Europastadt) in order to attract attention of the public opinion. This article is based on the case study conducted on the both sides of the state border crossing the city and it aims at exploration of the transnational space of this ‘European city’, where the formal state border actually does not have a dividing function anymore. The research goal was to reconstruct the city dwellers’ everyday life practices and patterns of movement by placing these phenomena within the city’s developmental path and the changing function of the state border.
EN
By examining executives' cognitive concepts of responsibility and the CSR activities of companies in three latecomers to explicit Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) - East and West Germany, Poland and Hungary - we show that the specific contexts matter for both. However, attitudes and activities are not in a deterministic relation. In (West) Germany, a neocorporatist concept of collective regulation is supportive of CSR, and implicit CSR is not driven out by an explicit CSR. In Poland and Hungary, the public discourse on CSR promoted by the EU has led to a ceremonial adoption of CSR by companies, while etatist and minimalist concepts of responsibility are relatively widespread. Substantive CSR is fostered by multinationals and executives who have studied in an Anglo-Saxon country. Yet, this seems not to be a peculiar feature of the Polish and Hungarian 'dependent market economy'.
EN
This study analyzes the topic of European bordering discussed in the publications Aktivní hranice v Evropě [Active Borders in Europe] by K. B. Müller (ed.) and Ne-prostupné hranice Evropy [The Non-Permeable Borders of Europe] by M. Trčka. In the first and second parts of the study, the author presents the structure of both works and an analysis of their main findings. In the third part, he analyzes the theoretical anchoring of the European bordering in more detail, especially with respect to the innovative concept of the so-called active border. He draws attention to the redefining of borders as opportunities with regard to the implications and limits of this concept. The active dimension of borders manifests itself especially in areas of actual “borderlessness,” where the physical plane of borders is substantially suppressed, with which the symbolic plane of demarcation predominates. If we wanted to extend the apparent positive results of the use of active borders to the level of conventional borders, it would be necessary to strengthen their two-way permeability, which would likely require greater transnationalization, or more precisely cosmopolitization. Lastly, the author reflects on borders and identity in the light of the current European challenges.
CS
Tato studie rozebírá tematiku evropského ohraničování ve dvou recentních publikacích: Aktivní hranice v Evropě, kde je jako editor uveden Karel B. Müller (ed.)[*], a Ne-prostupné hranice Evropy autora Michala Trčky. V první a druhé části autor představuje strukturu výkladu obou děl a rozbor jejich hlavních zjištění. Ve třetí části pak blíže analyzuje teoretické ukotvení evropského ohraničování, zejména se zřetelem na inovativní koncept tzv. aktivní hranice. Upozorňuje na redefinici hranic coby příležitostí a na implikace, potažmo limity tohoto pojetí. Aktivní rozměr hranic se vyjevuje zejména v prostorech faktického „bezhraničí“ s výrazně potlačenou fyzickou rovinou hranic, jimž dominuje symbolická rovina ohraničování. Pokud bychom chtěli zřejmé pozitivní výsledky využívání aktivních hranic rozšířit i na úroveň hranic konvenčních, bylo by zapotřebí posílit jejich obousměrnou prostupnost, což by pravděpodobně vyžadovalo větší transnacionalizaci, resp. kosmopolitizaci. Závěrem autor reflektuje hranice a identitu ve světle současných evropských výzev.
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