The author undertakes an important issue relating to axiology of activities (individual and collective) incorporated in the Bulgarian financial and economic practice. Moneva points to phenomena which favour corruption and reinforce patterns of illegal conduct and practices distant from what has been recognized in liberal democracies of the West as correct and recommended. Lack of clarity and transparency of power, lack of public oversight over state institutions support persistence of pathological and destructive practices. The article constitutes an important voice in defence of democratic values.
It is assumed that manipulative discourse can carry various types of messages on the continuum of sincerity, such as: truth, persuasion (argumentation), deception and manipulation. These different intended meanings can cause variations within the ‘transparency factor’. The transparency factor is controlled by specific social and pragmatic factors. Generally speaking, manipulative discourse is far away from transparency because it entails the use of implicit strategies and processes to achieve a final goal. The highly transparent type of discourse is the testimony where the speaker’s intention is to present truth that is supported by explicit strategies and processes. Within this continuum, there is the persuasion where the speaker’s intention is to convince the addressee without exerting any power upon the receiver. Other types, such as coercion and deception, may show a lower degree of transparency because they are used to mislead the hearer with or without the use of the social effect such as ‘power’. Accordingly, a theoretical framework which treats manipulation as a three-cycle of the meaning-making process is proposed. It is assumed that this model helps in classifying manipulative texts into different types based on the transparency factors. The aim of this study is to provide a theoretical framework that can be adopted by researchers to analyze types of discourse in terms of transparency taking into consideration the speaker, the text itself and the hearer. All these factors in the three-cycle model help in shaping the degree of transparency that a text may show.
Although the majority of mechanisms and instruments which aim to support media ethics and journalistic professionalization in Poland were introduced at an early stage of political and social transformation in the 1990s, media accountability is still in the making. The moderate level of journalistic professionalization might be explained by the weakness of existing self regulatory mechanisms (codes of journalistic conduct, The Council of Media Ethics), divisions within journalistic communities (left wing-oriented vs. right-wing politically oriented) and the growing economic pressure. Bearing in mind that decision-making processes, supportive management as well as organizational structures and cultures might have an impact on journalistic behaviour and the understanding of roles and journalistic quality, this paper will go a long way in explaining the state of media accountability and transparency from the perspective of newsrooms. Referencing to the outcomes of empirical international research project “Media Accountability and Transparency in Europe (MediaAcT)” (2010–2013) the study will provide evidence similarities and differences in the perception of tools and existing practices by journalists from different types of media and job positions.
The assumption of the paper is a liquidity between sacrum and profanum.. The work done on the body makes bodily practices and rituals the art of body. The body is an altar of our identity, manifestation of Self. The great visibility of this tendency is illustrated in the frame of popular culture, especially in the stream called the culture of transparency. The examples of body modifications’ practices, referred to the Western culture, are recognized as the contemporary new-primitivism (neo-primitive perspective) – the Modern Primitive Movement. The wide cult of the body is commonly known and practiced and its official name is corporeism. There are a various platforms of trainings to relax and strengthen the body, “the work on our body” in lighter form, express body. Probably the most opposite trends and cultural phenomenon can verify our level of tolerance and ability to understand significantly other people. The case of body modification can be the first one. The reason of it can be that the body can be perceived as the most visible open-text of ourselves. A variety of its manifestations can really provoke a huge cosmopolitan debate towards a more aesthetically-directed approach on those forms of practices which are not met too often in one specific culture and which argue with its standard of normality.
This paper attempts to assess the transparency of the Church Fund’s operations in the area of awarding grants for the maintenance and renovation of historic sacred buildings and for supporting socially useful ecclesiastical activities. For this purpose, the author has outlined the procedure for awarding grants from the Church Fund by the Minister of the Interior and Administration. The author has also presented the practice of secretly increasing the budget of the Church Fund during the financial year, as observed in recent years, and the problem of not publishing decisions on awarding grants insofar as they concerned the distribution of funds from the said increase in the Fund’s budget. Basic measures have been proposed to potentially contribute to increasing the transparency of the granting procedure and to build citizens’ trust in the State. The area related to the financing of the Church Fund should be considered as non-transparent. On the other hand, the transparency of the grant award procedure is given credit for it is transparent, albeit apparently quite complicated, and is communicated to applicants in a comprehensible manner. When presenting the said procedure and assessing the functioning of the Church Fund in this respect, the author analyses and interprets the current provisions of the constitutional, statutory and sub-statutory rank laws in force applicable to the subject matter. Incidentally, elements of the historical overview of applicable laws are also used.
This paper focuses on monetary policy transparency. Central banks’ practice in the field of communication, especially while signalling their intentions, is not reflected in most known transparency measures. The following paper presents a comparison of the best-known transparency indices and offers an extension to them that focuses on the forward-lookingness of the central bank. A more elaborate approach to signalling intentions is not covered by transparency measures developed in the pre-crisis period. Thus the purpose of this paper is methodological: developing extended transparency measures. Additionally, the application of these extensions is presented. The empirical part of the research covers the Czech Republic and Poland.
English suffixes have been the object of sustained inquiry across most phonological schools and paradigms, e.g. Chomsky‒Halle’s SPE, Lexical Phonology, Distributed Phonology (see, e.g. Booij 2005; Scheer 2011; Chornogor 2007; Rakić 2007; Carr 1993, for overviews and a sample discussion). In the current article I assume a ‘panchronic’ view (cf. Pociechina 2009) of selected issues implicated in English Latinate prefixation ({con-} and {ex-}) and I propose interpreting the apparent contrarieties in their productivity and phonological behavior as a canonical case of segmentability (cf. Bynon [1977] 1996; Nagano 2007).
The article describes the organizational and legal foundation of the principle of budget transparency in Poland. The study considers the legal basis for access to information about the activities of public authorities and the legal foundation of the principle of transparency of the budgetary process in the Republic of Poland. The main instruments for achievement of transparency of all operations with public funds such as budget classification, the cash servicing of budget implementation, budget accounting and reporting are analysed. While attempting to describe the aforementioned matters, the author proposes a definition of the term “budget transparency”.
This article is a voice of approval of the decision of the Supreme Administrative Court of 3 January 2012, Ref. Act: I OSK 2157/11. The ruling refers to the scope of public information that is available to the interested party. The court pointed out that public information could be invoices for services performed by private entities on behalf of public administrations. This ruling is part of anti-corruption strategies, based on transparency of the public life, and also supports the well-established case law, which treats public information very broadly. This results in an increase in the potential of the proactive investigation focused on cooperation with the community in the fight against corruption.
A possible way out to Kripke’s Puzzle About Belief could start from the rejection of the notion of epistemic transparency. Epistemic transparency seems, indeed, irremediably incompatible with an externalist conception of mental content. However, Brandom’s inferentialism could be considered a version of externalism that allows, at least in some cases, to save the principle of transparency. Appealing to a normative account of the content of our beliefs, from the inferentialist’s standpoint, it is possible to state that a content is transparent when name-components of that content are a priori associated with some application conditions and, at the same time, reflection alone provides an a priori access to those application conditions, with no need of any empirical investigation. Nevertheless, such requirements are only met in trivial cases. The aim of this paper is to argue that some application conditions of that sort, albeit trivial, can be ontologically ampliative. As a result, the related contents can be regarded as transparent in a substantial and rich way.
The article focuses on the issue of information policy. On the basis of empirical research conducted on a full sample of companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange it examines the extent to which Polish stock companies comply with principles of best practice regarding disclosure. Out of the 21 principles relevant to the subject, only three are often not complied to.
The subject of the study is an analysis of the procedures related to the selection of the most advantageous offer in the process defined in the public procurement law. Pointing out the essence of the problem in the area of public financial resources management, attention was paid first of all to legal solutions, their number of changes since the first act was passed in 1994, and to the essence of public financial resources management in the surrounding reality. Based on an analysis of Internet resources randomly selected from more than 50 local governments, mainly districts of large Polish cities, the transparency of public procurement procedures was assessed. Thus, with regard to a particular district, the methods of case study and expert analysis were used in scientific evaluation of the public procurement phenomenon. Then, on the basis of the literature and analysis of the surrounding reality, changes were indicated, the introduction of which will improve public procurement. The results of the research in particular boroughs were used to diagnose the research problem related to transparency in public procurement proceedings and to achieve the objective, which was to develop a state diagnosis and proposals of changes ensuring an increase in the level of utilisation of public financial resources. It was assumed in the study that proper management of public financial resources in the area of expenses, especially those covered by public procurement law, eliminates excessive debt and thus creates security in the area of local financial resources. At the end of the study, recommendations were presented to eliminate the identified shortcomings in the legal solutions and functioning public procurement procedures.
In Europe in 2008 governments spent 36 billion Euro on sports subsidies. One of the main goals for spending public money on sports is to increase the participation of people in sports. Th e Czech Republic even spent more than average on sports. However, the participation in sports in this country lags behind the European average. Th is article investigates whether the way such grants are given can explain this. One of the outcomes of this paper is that transparency in the decision-making process in sports-grants allocation is lacking, resulting in many cases of fraud. Th is paper also investigates the merits of an alternative way of allocating money, which is, using sports vouchers as a tool for allocating public resources. Th e experience with that instrument is, although rare, quite positive, especially in reducing fraud. Although there is a lot of hesitance against using vouchers, the experience shows that this is primarily based on prejudice and unfamiliarity with this instrument.
Our research, Transparency and translatability of the terminological metaphor in the domain of the internet, is a contrastive analysis in the topic of the metaphor, especially. The relationship between the common and the special lexicon in the domain of the Internet in the English language as source language, the relationship between the common denominator between the source language and the semantic basis, of equivalence in the target language represent the aims of the research. The languages in which the analysis is carried out are different from the genealogical and typological point of view (the English language on the one hand, the Romance language and Hungarian on the other). The perspective is a descriptive-semasiological one, and the methods applied - the paradigmatic and syntagmatic analysis, the contrastive analysis - are adapted to this perspective. The transparency in the meaning, the degree of translatability, the motivated character of the terminological metaphor, the role of linguistics / of semantics in the terminology of the Internet are only some of the conclusions of the research.
Public Information Bulletin (BIP) has a great influence on direct access to public information. Its importance is bigger and bigger in Public Procurement Law nowadays. Publications in BIP are currently required in cases of in house-procurement and public contracts for social and other specific services. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of BIP on transparency of public administration activities in public procurement area, especially the impact of the lack of publication in BIP on validity of contracts.
The contribution examines the institution of the right of access to administrative documents between coarse and pretentious denials in the Italian public administration and particularly the case of the reiterated illegitimate denials of access to the Military Court of Verona. The age of transparency between information to the consumer, right of access to documents and civic and the lack of responsibility of the public employee for abnormal denial is therefore still connoted by abnormal and inadmissible cases of denial of access particularly by the military state administration unable to adapt to the principle of transparency.
Increasing real public participation in governance and decision making is one of the greatest challenges of modern democracies as well as of these countries seeking to elevate their level of decision making and effective participation of public and citizenship in these processes. The widely dissemination and usage of communication technologies as well a greater pressure from the public for a greater accountability towards their governors, changes the shape and tools of governance, by changing initially the philosophy of and mindset of decision makers and policy maker as well. At the same time, this calls for a revolutionary way of powers distribution in governance processes by bringing more power in the hands of public, starting by an increased transparency and aiming a real and functional participation. The case of Albania, certify how policy makers good will and successful application of best practices, can accelerate democratic processes and increase resources for a better decision making and decision application as well. The paper makes a historic and political reconstruction of the OGP process and practices by projecting the effects and potential outcomes of this governance philosophy in the Albanian social tissue and set up, taking in consideration of the political system and the governance philosophy in Albania 2011-2012.
The purpose of the article is to offer a reflection on the ethical aspect of communication, more from a practised, experienced perspective than according to abstract models characterised by theoretical regulation and definition. Specifically, through references to the crisis of confidence that is currently sweeping Europe, it will attempt to show how communication can constitute a natural place for training and cooperative construction of new values and principles of ethical and moral regulation across the various fields of social activity, from the world of enterprise to that of institutions.
The Ombudsman’s Office of public bodies constitutes a strategic and democratic space for communication between the citizen and this Government Institution, aiming at strengthening the mechanisms of social participation. It is essential for its consolidation that the citizen has a space to request information, register suggestions, praise, complaints and denunciations, obtaining an agile and resolute response to his manifestation. For that, it is necessary to improve an Ombudsman with the concept of participative management and democratization of information, which provides an effective service, capable of seeking the solution of the manifestations. In addition, these manifestations must be organized in management reports aimed at informing and subsidizing the managers of public agencies, serving as an instrument for positive changes in the course of the Audits. This article aims to implement proactive actions in order to foster Social Control, through the participation of society and encouraging the exercise of citizenship. In order to carry out this investigation, it was necessary to apply the dogmatic method, as the hermeneutics of the normative texts recommends, but also the need for doctrine and transversality was necessary, since it is an interdisciplinary theme with a high political and sociological content, everything basked by a tradition of egalitarian rationalist thinking and based on international human rights hermeneutics. In conclusion, we identified that the Ombudsman’s Office aims to improve the exercise of Social Control and be another effective tool for institutional management and transformation. Its main task is to promote a dialogue between the public institution and society. For this to happen, citizen participation is essential, representing a strong allied body for the realization of significant changes in Public Administration, which fundamentally cares for the public interest.
The article provides a methodological review of research reports published in the main Polish journals of education. The query encompass the papers published in the seven journals from 2008 to 2011. Ones of the properties which have been observed are: research strategy, research question and hypothesis, type of sampling, size of sample, method of data collection and data analysis, and include type of statistical analysis. The results show that reports where quantitative strategy was used are overrepresented. In many cases generalization of research results has been done by authors. Moreover, this generalization was independent from type of sampling, research strategy and design. There was not differences in the scope of report transparency. The analysis also points out the diversity of research strategy due to affiliation of authors and overrepresentation of authors from two universities.
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