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EN
The article is a comparative study of 'Zatoka Białych Niedźwiedzi' by J. J. Szczepański and 'North Diary' by Mariusz Wilk. The analysis attempts to define the character of travelogue in both authors’ work, and to employ their work in order to outline the changes which the travel discourse has undergone over the recent years.
EN
Serbian traveler Milan Jovanović arrived in China in the 19th century, and after his return, his travelogue Tamo amo po istoku (Here and There in the East) was published. This article aims to reveal Jovanović’s perception of China in his writings, in order to analyze the image of China and more importantly, his dilemmas of self–positioning while facing the East and the West. By applying comparative literary imagery theory and cross–cultural methods, this paper interprets the literal value of Jovanović’s work, and discusses the interactions between the East and the West, as well as the “self” and the “others.” This article argues that Jovanović’s self–affirmation is faced with two “others”: the heterogenous “other” of Eurocentrism, and the homogenous “other” of Eastern utopia. His image of China is constructed in the tension between the two.
EN
Guy Delisle’s Jerusalem: Chronicles from the Holy City (2011) is a nonfictional graphic novel which narrates the experiences during a year that the Canadian artist and his family spent living far from home, in the occasionally dangerous and perilous city of the ancient Middle East. Part humorous memoir filled with “the logistics of everyday life,” part an inquisitive and sharp-eyed travelogue, Jerusalem is interspersed with enthralling lessons on the history of the region, together with vignettes of brief strips of Delisle’s encounters with expatriates and locals, with Jewish, Muslim, and Christian communities in and around the city, with Bedouins, Israeli and Palestinians. Since the comic strip is considered amongst the privileged genres able to disseminate stereotypes, Jerusalem tackles cultural as well as physical barriers, delimiting between domestic and foreign space, while revealing the historical context of the Israeli-Palestinian present conflict. Using this idea as a point of departure, I employ an imagological method of interpretation to address cross-cultural confusions in analysing the cartoonist’s travelogue as discourse of representation and ways of understanding cultural transmission, paying attention to the genre’s convention, where Delisle’s drawing style fits nicely the narrative techniques employed. Through an imagological perspective, I will also pay attention to the interaction between cultures and the dynamics between the images which characterise the Other (the nationalities represented or the spected) and those which characterise - not without a sense of irony - his own identity (self-portraits or auto-images). I shall take into account throughout my analysis that the source of this graphic memoir is inevitably a subjective one: even though Delisle professes an unbiased mind-set from the very beginning, the comic is at times coloured by his secular views. Delisle’s book is a dark, yet gentle comedy, and his wife’s job at the Doctors Without Borders paired with his personal experiences are paradoxically a gentle reminder that “There’ll always be borders.” In sum, the comic medium brings a sense of novelty to the imagological and hermeneutic conception of the interpretation of cultural and national stereotypes and/or otherness in artistic and literary works.
EN
Published in 1934, Petru Comarnescu’s American journal offers both a fresh take on the Californian milieu of the late 20s and the beginning of the 30s, and open-minded perspectives on the New World. The present paper analyzes how the Romanian intellectual put together the historical, social and cultural pieces of the complex city puzzle in his bold attempt at recreating the atmosphere of the chameleonic metropolis of Los Angeles.
EN
The paper deals with material mining of chapters of Robert G. Gleig’s travelogue where the author describes his journey through the Northeast Bohemia borderland in 1837. On the basis of linguistic means that Gleig uses in his description, it constructs the concept of periferism, stemming from E. Said’s orientalism. It defines periferism as a set of concepts and assumptions describing the periphery and leading to a special treatment of the periphery, i.e. a marginal part of its own social-cultural system that is socially and culturally inferior to the core - the center. The concept of periferism proposes to contemplate over the relationship of social elites and bourgeois circles with the inhabitants of the Czech countryside in the XIX century in the framework of their varied interests in this (social) space (tourism, so-called ethnographic interest, educational activities, etc.).
EN
In the article, I take into consideration a series of Karel Čapek’s letters, which deliver a charming and cheerful evidence of his travel experiences resulted from his visits in various parts of Europe. In order to unveil the Czech writer’s originality regarding the poetics of travelogue, I refer to a number of figures, which are to organize his peculiar epistolary idiom. Čapek’s style is, therefore, determined by irony which turns out to be streaked with subsequent rhetorical devices such as litotes, correction, and self-correction linked with elliptical presence of aposiopesis. What is more, the Czech writer invests in the so-called variant manner of writing, due to which his letters instead of the common travel knowledge provides the reader with descriptions concerning details: from the traditional point of view, they might be perceived as meaningless facts, however, in Čapek letters they are transformed into individual, unique, and exceptional events, which are to remain in the reader’s consciousness.
PL
The article is focused on Sir Thomas Smythe’s Voiage and Enterteinment in Rushia (London, 1605, 4to) - an example of a ‘diplomatic travelogue’ which mainly covers the official part of the mission. Using the principles of discourse analysis, the author focuses on ideological and cultural prejudices which, though hidden, shape the ambassador’s perception of Muscovite court, bureaucracy, the country as such as well as the ultimate goals and limits of the diplomacy. According the travelogue, while equipped with practical knowledge English bureaucracy searches for new partners to bolster its economy, the art of husbandry, while the Muscovite one is still on the medieval level and remains 'theatrical', i.e. to impress the foreigners with the might and glory of the Russian tzar.
EN
Neighbourhood of the City and the Provinces in Dalmatia in the Light of Chosen Examples of Early Modern French Travel LiteratureIn early modern period Dalmatia was a region which was culturally diversified. Such cities as Zadar or Split were the centres of Italian culture, while province was a part of the Slavic world. Their location on the route to Turkey made of them a frequent stop for such French travellers as Jacob Spon (1675) or Louis-François Cassas (1782), which testimonies became a basis for printed publications. In their testimonies readers could find the information about Dalmatian cities and province and differences between then. The latter issue is important, yet often neglected addition to the discussion on the shaping of the image of the Balkans.In this study we concentrate on this French approach to this problem, because it can be considered as representative for the other Western European perspectives. The French look at the issue of neighbourhood of the city and the province was characterized by a distance, which is rarely found in Venetian sources. This wide chronologic scope will allow to show changes which occurred in the French image of Dalmatia during the age of Enlightenment.The paper tries to analyse the travel literature in the perspective of the issue of image of neighbourhood of the city and province in Dalmatia and proves that this image had two perspectives. The first related to the neighbourhood of the sophisticated Italian culture (synonymous with the city) and the province, equated mostly with little known in the West Slavic world. The second perspective, which appeared in the second half of the eighteenth century dealt with these relationships in the wider context of the neighbourhood civilization and backwardness. Sąsiedztwo miasta i prowincji w Dalmacji w świetle wybranych przykładów francuskiej literatury podróżniczej z czasów nowożytnychDalmacja stanowiła w epoce nowożytnej niezwykle zróżnicowany kulturowo obszar, w którym miasta takie, jak Zadar czy Split, stanowiły przede wszystkim ośrodki kultury włoskiej, podczas gdy prowincja przynależała do świata słowiańskiego. Położenie na szlaku do Turcji sprawiało, że do miast trafiali podróżnicy tacy, jak Jacob Spon (1675), czy Louis-François Cassas (1782), którzy opisywali ich zabytki (w tym te z czasów Cesarstwa Rzymskiego), a także obyczaje ich mieszkańców. Bardzo często zwracali uwagę na kulturowy i etniczny kontrast miasta z prowincją, większy niż w przypadku zachodnioeuropejskich centrów i ich okolic – bo dotyczący również kwestii etnicznych. Francuskie spojrzenie na kwestię sąsiedztwa miasta i prowincji na obszarze Dalmacji jest o tyle istotne, że charakteryzuje się dystansem, który rzadziej spotykamy w źródłach weneckich. W owych opisach już na wstępnym etapie badań można wydzielić  dwie  perspektywy – pierwsza dotyczy spotkania wyrafinowanej kultury włoskiej (utożsamianej z miastem) i prowincji, utożsamianej najczęściej z mało znanym na Zachodzie światem słowiańskim. Druga perspektywa, która pojawiła się w drugiej połowie XVIII wieku, rozpatrywała te relacje w szerszym kontekście sąsiedztwa cywilizacji i zacofania, które łączyło wspominaną refleksję dotyczącą stosunków włosko-słowiańskich  z historyczną refleksją nad sąsiedztwem rzymskiej cywilizacji (której wiele świadectw zachowało się miastach dalmatyńskich) z barbarzyństwem – które doprowadziło do jej kresu. Szersza perspektywa chronologiczna umożliwi uchwycenie zmiany, jaka zaszła w we francuskim spojrzeniu na Dalmację, a której katalizatorem były nie tylko coraz większe zainteresowanie tym regionem (mające swoje apogeum w krótkim okresie napoleońskich rządów w Dalmacji w okresie istnienia Prowincji Iliryjskich), lecz również oświeceniowa refleksja dotycząca cywilizacji i prymitywizmu.
XX
The article is about ukrainian traveler Basyl Grygorovych-Barsky (1701–1747), who visited many countries of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, in particular, visited many cities of Italy, what was left colorful notes. Italian icons (landscapes, descriptions of cities, customs, stories about local miracles) characterized by thoroughness and attention to detail, curiosity and desire to talk about the country is available, interested and emotionally. This, together with complicated syntactic constructions made the unique baroque style of the prose permission crossing traveler and writer.
XX
The author of the article, Walentyna Sobol, analyzes documentary and literary books from Morocco and two émigré writers about Morocco. These are “Spells of Morocco” – the Ukrainian forgotten author Sofia Jabłońska (1907–1971) and “Moon in Tears” – contemporary writer Morocco Ouard Saillo, born in Morocco in 1974. Ouardy Saillo’s book, decorated with photos of the Saillo family, was written in German. For the first time is published in Polish translated by Barbara Otwinowska (published in 2005 in Warsaw). In 2018, in Kiev were published 107 photographs of Sofia Jabłońska from her times of work and travel around the world, including Morocco. The goal of the article is to reveal the phenomenon of persistence and bravery of both writers, different, but sometimes very similar intertextuality . The narrative of the documents is examined using a methodological approach, especially in terms of: “intertextuality is a study of the memory of literature” (Tadeusz Sławek). Using modern research in anthropology, including the lexicon of the culture of memory “Modi memorandi”, the author of the article investigates the phenomenon of intertextuality in the narratives of Jabłońska and Saillo. This comparative study of the autobiographical works of Ukrainian and Moroccan writers in Poland not only reveals the conclusions, but also opens wide research perspectives.
EN
The article presents an overview of the issues discussed in Tomasz Ewertowski’s monograph Images of China in Polish and Serbian Travel Writings (1720–1949). It reconstructs the discourse that emerges from the journals as their authors report on their journeys to the Middle Kingdom. The article also analyses the conditioning of the presented attitudes in the context of individual experience. Using imagology-based tools, Ewertowski refers to the mental representations of reality recorded in the text in the form of stereotypically formed ethnotypes. Ewertowski creates a mosaic of the way travellers from the West imagined both Chinese cities and the characteristic features of Far Eastern culture, which is often marked by Eurocentrism and an evaluating attitude towards the Other.
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EN
This article is dedicated to the image of Padua in the diary of August Fryderyk Moszyński (1731–1786), a close collaborator of King Stanislas August Poniatowski, architect, director of royal buildings, and promoter of the Warsaw theatre. The diary, which covers a journey to France and Italy (1784–1786), has been partially published in the original French version (1930; 2010) and Polish translation (1970). The diary is remarkable for Polish 18 th -century odeporic literature due to its critical approach, quasi-scientific character, and interest in contemporary developments. In this article, the author establishes the dates of Moszyński’s stay in Padua and then analyses elements such as the descriptions, impressions, and assessments of urban environments; buildings, pictures, people, and events; as well as cultural and scientific life. The portrait of Padua drawn by Moszyński is compared with that which emerges from other travelogues and texts presented to the Polish public at the time, in particular with the description of Italy that appeared in the Warsaw journal "Pamiętnik Historyczno- Polityczny" in 1787. The analysis of the travelogue passages relating to the two stays in Padua confirms the versatility of the traveller. The description of Padua by Moszyński is multifaceted, often ironic and personal. He wrote as an expert in architecture and urban spaces; a connoisseur of theatre; a builder of scientific instruments; an admirer of Renaissance artists; a lover of truth in art; and a sharp and critical observer. The last part of the article is dedicated to the circumstances of Moszyński’s death, which, contrary to what may be suggested by the diary, did not occur in Padua but in Venice (on 3 July 1786, at the famous Leon Bianco inn).
IT
L’articolo è dedicato all’immagine di Padova nel Diario di viaggio in Francia e in Italia (1784–1786) di August Fryderyk Moszyński (1731–1786), stretto collaboratore del re Stanislao Augusto Poniatowski, architetto, direttore di edifici reali, promotore del teatro di Varsavia. Il diario è stato parzialmente pubblicato in francese (1930, 2010) e in traduzione polacca (1970). Nella letteratura odeporica polacca del Settecento si distingue per il suo approccio critico, il carattere quasi scientifico e l’interesse per il presente. Una volta fissate le date dei soggiorni a Padova, vengono analizzati elementi quali descrizioni, impressioni e valutazioni relative ad ambienti urbani, edifici, quadri, persone ed eventi, nonché la vita culturale e scientifica. Il ritratto di Padova disegnato da Moszyński è messo a confronto con altri odeporici dell’epoca e quello che emerge da testi su argomenti simili presentati al pubblico polacco nello stesso periodo, in particolare con la descrizione dell’Italia apparsa a puntate sulla rivista varsaviana "Pamiętnik Historyczno-Polityczny" nel 1787. L’analisi dei brani del diario relativi ai due soggiorni a Padova conferma la versatilità del viaggiatore. La descrizione di Padova è sfaccettata, spesso ironica e personale. Moszyński scrive da esperto di architettura e di spazi urbani, conoscitore di teatro, costruttore di strumenti scientifici, ammiratore di artisti rinascimentali, amante della verità nell’arte, osservatore acuto e severo. L’ultima parte del saggio è dedicata alle circostanze della morte di Moszyński, che – contrariamente a quanto affermato in alcune fonti e a quanto suggerito dal diario stesso – non è avvenuta a Padova, bensì a Venezia (il 3 luglio 1786, nella famosa locanda del Leon Bianco).
EN
The present paper analyses Carnets du voyage en Égypte by a French painter and writer, Eugène Fromentin (1820-1876), using the concept of autobiogeography. The concept allows to examine how the author of a geographical description may be seen throughout this description and how s/he is influenced by the space. The paper argues that the personality of Fromentin emerges from his travel notes even though they are focused mainly on the description of the Egyptian space and the forms “I” or “we” appear there rarely. Three aspects of Fromentin’s personality may be seen through the analyses of his geographical descriptions of Egypt: the Orientalist painter enthusiastic towards the space; the traveler marked by his previous travels to Algeria who in Egyptian spaces sees Algerian ones; and the man who feels old and tired, refuses to discover the Egyptian space and who just wants to come back home.
EN
This paper focuses on the literary representation of Slovakia in selected travelogues by Czech authors. The subject of the research is that of cultural stereotypes, images of the other, and constructions of us and them. The corpus of travelogues covers the period from the 1830s to the end of the 1930s. The methodological framework for analysing travelogues includes several diverse approaches. In addition to literaryhistory classification, the study employs an imagological approach while also taking into account an approach based on postcolonial theories in the context of the interpretation of cultural stereotypes. The material is divided into four historical periods with regard to the form and changing face of Czech-Slovak dialogue. Through the travelogue material under review we can analyse how the image of Slovakia within the Czech cultural myth of Slovakia has been shaped and transformed over the course of a century.
|
2013
|
vol. 17
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issue 2
53-64
SR
Starting from the poetics of the avantgarde travelogue, this paper focuses on the most significant features of the travel reportages in Serbia between two wars. In contrast to the more artistic travelogues, these texts by Milos Crnjanski, Rastko Petrovic, Stanislav Vinaver and other avantgarde writers use different techniques to blur and erase the boundaries between the documentary and the fictional, the artistic and the journalistic. Lyrical procedures, dynamised and tropic landscape, narrativisation of documentary contents – are some ofthe basic features due to which these travel reportages are read like hybrid-genre texts unique in Serbian literature of the 20th century. A selection of paradigmatic examples (primarily: Through Dalmatia and „Still Szentendre„ by Crnjanski, In the Shadow of Our Endowment by Petrovic, and Russian Processions by Vinaver) has been used to show how, driven by the impulses of avantgarde, the boundary between the literary and the journalistic texts in the Serbian travelogue writing is being surpassed in many ways. Like journalists, avantgarde writers included and activated in their travel reportages procedures and stylistic techniques of avantgarde art, expanding the field of ??artistic expression to areas beyond art, thus winning new opportunities to express their modern artistic sensibility. Never before, or after this period of Serbian literature, did travel reportage reach such a highly literary level, largely surpassing its journalistic impulse. As an inextricable connection between the realistic and fictional, the objective and personal, perception and tangibility, the artistic and journalistic, these texts are a proof of the success of avantgarde in winning non-literary spaces and of fruitful blending of different affinities and engagements among some of the greatest writers in Serbian literature.
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2013
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vol. 61
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issue 2: Historia
25-39
EN
The present sketch refers to the meetings of King Władysław Jagiełło and the Burgundy knight Gilbert de Lannoy (1386-1462), who came to Central Europe in the first half of the 14th century. The first journey that he made in 1413 in order to fight against the „pagans” changed into an irresistible desire to get to know the areas that were ruled by the „unbelievers”, which resulted in a travel to the Ruthenian and Lithuanian lands. The analysis made in the paper presents the significance of this journey which turned to a verification of the anti-Polish propaganda spread by the Teutonic Knights. Meeting King Władysław Jagiełło was the crowning of Gilbert de Lannoy’s stay in this part of Europe. The Burgundy knight's next journey to Central-East Europe took place in 1422. Gilbert de Lannoy, being the King of England Henry V’s envoy, met the Polish King again. Also this visit contributed to a change in the image of Jagiełło and of Poland in West Europe. The evolution of the traveler’s political views effected by his journeys and the meetings he had when travelling produced meaningful results in the field of European diplomacy.
IT
The goal of this article is to show one of the travelogue of the series Italia celebre e sconosciuta (Famous and unknown Italy) by Kazimiera Alberti: Segreti di Puglia (Apulia’s secrets). It is a kind of travel discovering the secrets of Apulian land. The author expresses all the admiration for the landscapes, but above all for the monuments of this region. The history, architecture, myths and legends enrich the pages of her book. She encourages the reader to visit Apulia, revealing only some of her mysteries. Next to Kazimiera Alberti and her husband, we start the exploration of what this land has to offer to the visitors.
PL
Celem artykułu jest prezentacja utworu Kazimiery Alberti Segreti di Puglia (Tajemnice/Sekrety Apulii), który został opublikowany w ramach drugiego tomu serii zatytułowanej Italia celebre e sconosciuta (Włochy Znane i Nieznane). Podążając za Alberti, odkrywamy w jej relacji z podróży niektóre sekrety ziemi apulijskiej mało znane nie tylko cudzoziemcom, lecz również włoskiemu czytelnikowi. Autorka zachwyca się architekturą, zabytkami, krajobrazem apulijskim, ponadto przedstawia w szczegółach życie codzienne, zwyczaje, tradycje, a także po mistrzowsku wprowadza czytelnika w historię regionu, wzbogaconą o mity i legendy. Utwór Kazimiery Alberti jest doskonałym zaproszeniem do odkrycia tego fascynującego, choć mało znanego regionu.
EN
The article is an attempt to present – with reference to geopoetics and geocriticism – how 19th century accounts of trips to the Świętokrzyskie Mountains depicted Święty Krzyż (Mount Holy Cross, also known as Łysa Góra or Łysiec). The author follows a chronological approach to show more clearly the evolution of the image of the place and to capture the factors which influenced its metamorphosis. To this end, she uses accounts by Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, Klementyna Hoffmanowa, née Tańska, Bohdan Dziekoński, Kazimierz Władysław Wójcicki, Oskar Flatt, Jadwiga Łuszczewska (Deotyma), Julian Bartoszewicz, Franciszek Maksymilian Sobieszczański, Antoni Brykczyński, Władysław Zapałowski, Józef Siemiradzki, Tadeusz Dybczyński, Paweł Bolesław Podczaszyński, Władysław Sierakowski, Michał Elwiro Andriolli, Franciszek Kostrzewski as well as anonymous travellers whose works were published in 19th century periodicals. The author reveals three strategies used to create representations of Święty Krzyż in the travelogues. The most common strategy is associated with the use of mythical and historical stories concerning the location. Using a poetic language, they were supposed not only to “conceal” the ruins of the church and the monastery situated on Łysa Góra, but also to create a new image of Święty Krzyż and restore its significance. Another approach reveals a relation between the site with its cultural tradition, and nature, the land and its scenery. This applies particularly to accounts by Wójcicki, Dziekoński, Flatt and Łuszczewska, who present diametrically opposed images: from gloomy representations to an epiphanic vision of Święty Krzyż, illuminated by the blaze of the rising sun. The third strategy is associated with an attempt to describe and reconstruct the appearance of some places situated on Święty Krzyż as well as the architecture and the interior of the church and the monastery. It is also about presenting the attitude of the travellers who were rather inattentive in exploring the material world around them, concentrating instead on their spiritual experience.
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