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CULTURAL MINORITIES AND THE PANOPTIC GAZE: A STUDY OF THE (MIS)REPRESENTATION OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN MALAYALAM FILMS

100%

DIVAKARAN R. V. M.

Journal of Education Culture and Society

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2017

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vol. 8

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issue 2

240-248

EN

This paper explores the patterns of the representation of Adivasis or aboriginals – known as ‘tribals’ in common parlance – in Malayalam language films. Film as a medium of representation is continuously engaged in constructing images and thus the process becomes an ideological enterprise contributing to the relentless practice of defining and redefining the society and its various components in terms of several binaries. The film industry of Kerala, a southern state of India, is affluent and more influential than other art forms and production. Though the tribal population of Kerala is around 400 thousand and they belong to as many as 43 subgroups, they are underrepresented in films and that too is in a stereotypical manner. These groups are considered to be largely distinct with each tribal group identifying themselves with their own mythologies, tales of origin, and distinctive religious and ritualistic practices. This paper critically analyses the politics of representation using the example of tribals in Malayalam films as it has evolved over the past decades and attempts to trace a whole gamut of aesthetic and ethical issues at stake.

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THE REASON OF A LOW TOURISTS INTEREST IN AN ATTRACTIVE HIGHLANDS REGION OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA

86%

Mielcarek R.

Studia Periegetica

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2012

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vol. 7

73-89

EN

The author of this article traveled twice in The Highlands in Papua New Guinea, both individually as well as a tour leader of a tourist group. The region of Highlands has many tourist attractions unique in Oceania. There is a possibility to climb the highest peak in the country Mt. Wilhelm (4,509 m above sea level) and participate in the colorful folk shows called sing sings. A special attention is focused on distinctive clothing, ornaments and face make-up of some tribal people like Megiar, Kama, Huli and the so-called Mud Men. Despite the possibility to meet some relics of a primitive tribal culture, the number of foreign tourists is very limited. This article presents various reasons for such a situation. It seems that a small interest amongst tourists concerning The Highlands in some measure is due to the land isolation of that area. Unfortunately, such isolation significantly increases the cost of any tourist expedition. Moreover, an air journey to Papua New Guinea as well as the cost of accommodation are pretty far from low cost.

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Fenomen religii prasłowian

72%

Białous M.

ELPIS

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2016

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vol. 18

145-152

PL

Przedstawiony artykuł ma charakter przyczynkowy, a jego zaistnienie było reakcją na pojawianie się w społeczeństwach Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej nawrotu do idei pradawnych, słowiańskich i pogańskich wierzeń. Stosunkowo ta mało rozpowszechniona dziedzina nauki, z wyjątkową trudnością poddająca się badaniom, ewokowała niejednokrotnie zaistnienie różnorodnych, często legendarnych obrazów zarówno strony mitologicznej, jak i kultycznej zagadnienia. Sytuacja taka prowadziła de facto do fascynacji przedmiotem odległym od prawdy, przedmiotem rodzącym się raczej w wyobraźni zwolenników „słowiańskich wierzeń”. W artykule zastosowano odniesienie do współczesnych i dawniejszych osiągnięć naukowych w omawianej dziedzinie, rozważania osnuwając na analizie polidoksji, traktowanej jako źródło politeizmu oraz prototeizmu, jako fazy wyjściowej politeizmu. Nie brak odwołań do dawnych zabytków i stwierdzeń starożytnych historyków, dla których Słowianie stanowili często zamknięty i nieznany powszechnie krąg społeczny, który w ten sposób postrzegany wydawał się zagrożeniem zrazu dla Imperium Romanum, a później dla cywilizacji zachodniego świata…

EN

Compared to other pagan religious systems of Europe, the Slavic religion is one of the least known. There are no known Slavic myths, that is the stories of the gods. However, the written Greek and Latin sources, the Central European (Russian, Czech and Polish), as well as the material relics (eg. The statues of the deities of the four faces ) allows us to specify different forms and characteristics of the Slavic religion: the multiplicity of deities, the worship of the deified forces of nature, the worship of fire, and the original worship of the sky. The gradual process of displacing the original Slavic beliefs in the context of Christianization began in the sixth century, and finally ended with the conquest of Polabians by the Germans (13th century). However, relics of the Slavic religion survived in the private beliefs in the 15th and 16th centuries and in the folklore to this day, although the form and scale of this survival has not yet been clearly defined. This article makes references to contemporary and earlier academic achievements in the field discussed, a reflection based on polidoxy treated as a source of polytheism and prototheism as the primary phase of polytheism. References to historical monuments and findings of historians of antiquity, for whom the Slavs were often a closed and commonly unknown societal circle, which in this manner appeared to be a threat to first the Roman Empire and then later to Western civilization.

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„Tulipanowa rewolucja” w Kirgistanie – wybrane aspekty

72%

Miarka A.

Nowa Polityka Wschodnia

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2017

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vol. 4(15)

43-60

EN

The purpose of this article is to characterize the Tulip Revolution in Kyrgyzstan (2005). The author presents the causes of the revolution, among other things: the importance of the tribal structure of Kyrgyzstan, nepotism and corruption during the presidency of Askar Akayev. The article presents the course of developments Tulip Revolution. Finally, the author focuses on the presentation of the most important implications of this revolution, such as the a revolution in 2010 and the resignation of President Kurmanbek Bakiyev.

RU

Целью данной статьи является характеристика «тюльпановой революции» в Кыргызстане (2005). Автор представляет причины революции, среди кото- рых: важность племенной структуры Кыргызстана, кумовство и коррупция в период президентства Аскара Акаева. В статье представлен ход событий «тюльпановой революции». В конце автор сосредотачивается на представ- лении наиболее важных последствий этой революции, таких как революция в 2010 году и отставка президента Курманбека Бакиева.

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1 ELPIS

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1 Białous M.

1 DIVAKARAN R. V. M.

1 Miarka A.

1 Mielcarek R.

CULTURAL MINORITIES AND THE PANOPTIC GAZE: A STUDY OF THE (MIS)REPRESENTATION OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN MALAYALAM FILMS

THE REASON OF A LOW TOURISTS INTEREST IN AN ATTRACTIVE HIGHLANDS REGION OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA

Fenomen religii prasłowian

„Tulipanowa rewolucja” w Kirgistanie – wybrane aspekty