En tenant compte du développement universel du tourisme, il faudrait adapter les musées et les monuments historiques à une exploitation largement conçue et les mettre à la portée des masses. Le tourisme devrait donc participer aux frais de leur adaptation r a tionnelle. A l’échelle internationale, peuvent servir d’exemples les Cuzco et Macchu-Picchu au Pérou, la zone afférante de la ville Izmir en Turquie, Téhéran et Isfahan en Iran, pour lesquels des experts de l’UNESCO ont élaboré des projets d’adaptation e t d’aménagement. Il semble juste d’engager pour ce genre d’activité sur notre territoire des fonds et des moyens fa isant partie du budget touristique. Dans nos conditions, un mécénat très important peut être effectué par l’industrie qui possède des fonds considérables pour des buts culturels et pour l’organisation du repos de ses travailleurs. Un exemple en est déjà fourni par la restauration du château de Baranów sous les auspices du Centre industriel du soufre de Tarnobrzeg. De façon similaire, le Centre industriel de Nowa Huta pourrait s’occuper du château de Niepołomice e t les Etablissements des Azotes de Puławy — étendre leur protection sur le château de Janowiec. Le patronage de l’industrie serait doublement justifié en ce qui concerne les monuments d’où elle a tiré ses origines, notamment les sites industriels historiques. La coopération de l’industrie et du to u risme avec les ogranismes de la protection des biens culturels est nécessité par l’inté rêt commun de toute la nation. Selon l’auteur, l’un des principaux caractères du mécénat socialiste dont les prémices se font voir dans le domaine de la culture, consiste à concevoir des solutions d’ensemble aux problèmes culturels.
The dynamic development of tourism in many regions of the world causes competition boost which, in turn, leads to a variety of changes in tourist offers. Tourism is an alternative for other types of economic activity, this relates to spatial units of diverse area, including cities. The tourist function can become the mechanism of local development for cities and the protection of the cultural and natural heritage. The main goal of the article is to present the tourist potential of a historical city and the possibilities of further development of tourist movement in light of current tendencies of the world tourist market. The paper also includes an attempt to analyze the structure of tourist product of the city of Pistoia basing on its location as a neighbor of such large tourist centers as Florence or Pisa.
While expressing his thanks for distinguishing him with the doctor’s (hon.c.) degree a t the Technical University of Cracow at the outset of his inaugural lecture Prof. Gazzola stated that for the presenting of problems dealt with in his lecture as the most appropriate country seemed Poland who was able to see the necessity of cultivating the tradition and achievements of civilization at the same time showing a deep understanding for cultural values. This problem is highly important for all countries in times of the modern development of tourism being one from among many ways of spending the leisure time which, however, must be considered as one in equal measure favourable and unfavourable since, as a consequence, it is that development namely that may lead to far reaching transformations of natural environment. The author is of opinion that tourism has been made more and more dependent upon the economic mechanisms governing the demand and supply. Such policies applied in the field of tourism lead to numerous unfavourable results as, for 'instance, the permanently growing number of motorized vehicles of every sort which have their harmful effect on natural environment, eliminate the cognitive endeavours of people and, as a result, lower the value of cultural property. As another unfavourable result he quoted the trends of enormous development of building projects connected with touring which, as a consequence, caused that in many old towns both town-planning and architectural design solutions have been applied depriving the tourists of any contact with historic environment. All the above occurences are, no doubt, leading to transformations in the man’s social and phyoholoigical attitudes. As highly important, according to Professor Gazzola’s opinion, should be considlered the problem of a poor general level of preparation of human masses travelling throughout the world who in no way are able to properly perceive the culture. This in turn results not only in loosening the contact between the viewers and the cultural property, but also grows, in many instances, to a cause of its wanton destructing. This general situation could, unfortunately, be not improved by attempts of UNESCO intended for changing the “mass touring” into “cultural tourism”. The author postulated the working-out of programme of the global attitude of man toward the planet he is living on. Within such a programme the problems of touring could be solved at two levels, namely: (1) by establishing of a University of Tourism, (2) by preparing of man to making a proper use of his leisure time. While considering the problems of touring there should, among others, be taken into account the social relations between the local populations and those entering their living areas and also the natural environment from the viewpoint of routes and structures securing the appropriate capacities and flows. By no means less important is such education of man that he would be able to feel the need of teaching himself and also to utilize his contact with cultural property in a proper way.
In his capacity as General Conservator o f Historical Monuments, the author discusses the development o f the philosophy o f conservation and shares his reflections about the twentieth-century transformations o f the concepts o f „conservation” and „historical monuments”. A presentation o f the inner development o f conservation within the cultural-social and political-economic context comprises a foundation for indicating paths for resolving the critical situation. These paths entail: preventive conservation, the protection o f the landscape/cultural/historical environment, integral conservation, as well as conservation via documentation. Interesting predictions concerning the future o f conservation and cultural property are summed up in expectations vis a vis the strategy for an international protection o f cultural property; at the same time, the author declares that the progress o f the political and economic unification o f Europe could predestine our small Continent to play a leading role in setting up strategic methods and systems that, following their modification, could serve other continents. Unfortunately, the activity o f European organizations (the Council o f Europe, the European Union, the UNESCO European programme, and others) as regards the protection of cultural property is neither coordinated or sufficiently based on the experiences and activity o f men o f science.
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