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Neologizmy z formantem obcym -ing we współczesnym języku czeskim

100%
Ptak L.
Slavica Wratislaviensia
|
2018
|
vol. 166
177-184
EN
Loanwords with -ing formation in the Czech language The text deals with problem of the new lexical borrowings used in the Czech language. We concentrate on neologisms, which are of great importance for rise and development of concurrence. Certain types of concurrence based upon suffixal process applied at the formation of new words are analyzed. The paper presents and examines -ing formations used in Czech language (dabing // dabování, jogging // joggování, lobbing // lobbování).
CS
Přejatá substantiva na -ing v současné češtině V příspěvku jsme se zaměřili na anglicismy s příponou -ing (adaptovanou v češtině v podobě -ink), které jsou do češtiny přejímané v původních gerundiálních či participiálních tvarech. Soustřeďujeme se na tvoření domácích potějšků přejímek na -ing. Substantiva slovesná zakončená na -(ová)ní se hojně v současné době odvozují od sloves vzniklých z cizích základů a tvoří tak největší počet domácích protějšků přejímek na -ing. Vznikají tak dvojice synonym jako dabing // dabování, jogging // joggování, lobbing // lobbování.
2
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Utvářenost slov vstupujících do pomístních jmen na Moravě a ve Slezsku:

100%
Šlosar D.
Národopisný věstník
|
2010
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vol. 51
|
issue 1
314-338
EN
The article explores the formation of nouns and adjectives entering the anoikonyms of Moravia and Silesia. The presented survey is based exclusively on the headword-book containing 33 000 headwords, which was processed at the Department of Dialectology of the Academy of Science of the Czech Republic in Brno. It gives the word-formative forms of individual names according to the formants and the connectivity of the formants with the bases of certain parts of speech, possibly the connectivity of components in compounds. The geographical differentiation of the observed forms was not considered. The aim is to state how the respective word-formative forms participate in the resulting meaning of the anoikonyms.
3
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Výsledky »forenzního« zkoumání tvorby Miloše Dokulila (k 110. výročí narození a k 20. výročí jeho úmrtí)

100%
Čechová M.
Bohemistyka
|
2023
|
issue 1
125-131
EN
The paper is based on the contribution of Miloš Dokulil in the field of word formation and its application in Complex Language Analysis, it mentions him as a founding member of the journal Czech Language and Literature, then it focuses entirely on clarifying Miloš Dokulil’s contribution to the processing of the Čeština – řeč a jazyk (Czech Ż speech and language), which was significantly larger than originally expected and than is in the breakdown of the authors’ share given in the book. This fact is gradually being revealed.
CS
Příspěvek vychází z postižení přínosu Miloše Dokulila v oblasti tvoření slov a z jeho aplikace v Komplexních jazykových rozborech, zmíní se o něm jako zakládajícím členu časopisu „Český jazyk a literatura”, pak se zcela soustředí na objasnění podílu Miloše Dokulila na zpracování mluvnice Čeština – řeč a jazyk, jenž byl podstatně větší, než se původně předpokládalo a než je v rozpisu podílu autorů uvedeném v knize. Tato skutečnost se postupně odkrývá.
4
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Sémantické mapy a slovotvorba aneb K polyfunkčnosti deverbativních slovotvorných prostředků ve staré a střední češtině

80%
Pergler J.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
|
2017
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vol. 100
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issue 3
121-129
EN
The paper examines the multifunctionality of the word-formation suffixes used in the formation of Old and Middle Czech deverbal nouns and the possibility of using semantic maps to analyze this multifunctionality. This methodology is first briefly introduced, then a semantic map of six onomasiological categories used in the word-formation patterns is presented (based on extensive data from Old and Middle Czech dictionaries and lexical databases), showing which combinations of functions are possible in a single suffix and which are not. The map is compared with maps found in the literature and several methodological issues are discussed.
5
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Deverbativnost versus deadjektivnost: k možnostem interpretace substantiv s dějovým příznakem (se zaměřením na období staročeské a středněčeské)

80%
Hejdová T., Vajdlová M.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2020
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vol. 81
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issue 4
269-282
EN
Numerous Old and Middle Czech derived nouns contain a morphematic component typical for verbal participles in their structure. These substantives can be interpreted in terms of word formation in different ways, depending on which semantic feature is accentuated: as motivated by a verb or by a deverbal adjective with a different meaning and categorical classification. Some other nouns are indisputably derived directly from the verbs (e.g. jědenec ‘eater’). In this article, we study possible factors for this, which involves determination of the motivation. Following our analysis, we consider the meaning of the derivative to be decisive. Finally, we observe that historical material requires modification of the onomasiological categories used in contemporary Czech, and we determine reasons for the difference between the situation of historical and contemporary Czech in this regard.
6
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Bezpříponová substantiva a vyjadřování vidového protikladu u příbuzných sloves

80%
Ševčíková M.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
|
2021
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vol. 82
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issue 4
263-288
EN
The present study deals with suffixless nouns in Czech. Two data samples are analysed to demonstrate that suffixless nouns with an action meaning mostly correspond to a pair of verbs with different themes (conveying different grammatical aspects; e.g., skok ‘jump’ < skočit ‘to jump. PFV’ : skákat ‘to jump.IPFV’), whereas non-actional suffixless nouns tend to form a single corresponding verb which uses a prefix to change the aspect (noc ‘night’ > nocovat ‘to stay.IPFV overnight’ > přenocovat ‘to stay.PFV overnight’). This distinction is applied to a third data sample to determine direction of motivation in pairs of suffixless nouns and verbs. The difference between the deverbal and denominal direction is explained by the part-of-speech category of the root morpheme which is shared by the suffixless noun and the corresponding verb(s). The relations observed are modelled as paradigms recurring across the word-formation system of Czech.
7
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Enantiosémie jako výsledek vývojových procesů:

71%
Nejedlý P.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
|
2014
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vol. 75
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issue 3
181-192
EN
Enantiosemy describes a situation in which a lexical unit acquires opposing meanings as a result of long-term semantic development. In this article, using several examples from Old Czech, I show how the enantiosemic status of words results from the development of lexical units or (sub-)systems. In the first example, the verb ublížit (to harm) has gained (on the background of words blízký, bližní, přiblížit, etc.) negative conceptual content through the systemic usage of the directional meaning of the prefix u-. In another example, the verb odpravit has changed its meaning from ‘to arrange regularly’ to ‘to murder’ during its own complicated semantic development (‘to make sth rightly’ → ‘to punish sb rightly’ → ‘to put sb to death’ → ‘to murder’). Finally, it is shown that the meanings ‘to love’ and ‘to hate’ of the Old Czech verb náviděti have become the result of a double progressive artificially-created opposition to the initial common Slavic nenáviděti – the previous concept, presented both in linguistic and in popular literature on its polysemy, is thus incorrect.
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