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1

The Roots of Fencing from the Twelfth to the Fourteenth Centuries in the French Language Area

100%

Dupuis O.

Acta Periodica Duellatorum

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2015

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vol. 2015

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issue 1

37-62

EN

This article offers a partial overview on fencing, as recognized through archive records, as well as French epics and romances from the twelfth to the early fourteenth century. In the twelfth century, fencing was only attested through knightly vocabulary as a way to describe actions performed during single combats involving a combination of shield and another weapon, most commonly a sword. Fencing was progressively dissociated from the knightly arts and there were even few mentions of its use by common people. There are archive records from the thirteenth century of individuals bearing the nickname “fencer”, although there is rarely enough context to be certain that they were really practicing the art. At the end of the thirteenth century, archives and narrative fiction show an established fashion for a certain form of fencing with a short round shield, the buckler. This is clearly established in London where surviving manuscripts include many regulations on fencing, however the fashion was also spread in the continent, even though it seems to be less documented.

2

The Family Strategy for Purple – Comparing the Methods of Andronikos I and Alexios I Komnenos of Constructing Imperial Power

88%

Lachowicz P.

Studia Ceranea

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2019

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vol. 9

301-317

EN

In this paper I would like to concentrate on strategies and methods that were guiding Alexios I and Andronikos I of the Komnenos dynasty during the process of gaining and consolidating their power in the Byzantine Empire. Between these two emperors, who belonged to the same family, there exist many analogies in the way of carrying out a coup and constructing the authority based on a group of faithful aristocrats. It is crucial to highlight the active family politics which characterized both the emperors, as it was the main strategy aimed at ensuring the durability of the freshly acquired power. Between Andronikos’ and his grandfather’s coups passed almost exactly one hundred years. The completely different social and political situation of the Byzantine Empire in the late 12th century forced Andronikos to take a different approach. The most striking change was in the way of eliminating potential threats from the circles of Constantinopolitan aristocracy, especially when it comes to his relatives. Such a comparative analysis leads to some important observations concerning the social changes in the late 11th and 12th centuries, as well as mechanisms of seniority and precedence of power in the Komnenos family.

3

Power and Aristocracy – Transformation and Composition of the Komnenos “Clan” (1081–1200) – A Statistical Approach

75%

Lachowicz P.

Studia Ceranea

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2020

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vol. 10

141-173

EN

The fall of imperial authority and the decline of the Byzantine state at the end of the 12th century has its cause not only in foreign policy but also, to a large extent, in the family policy of the Komnenoi emperors. The “clan” system introduced during Alexios I’ reign and continued by his successors, connected the aristocratic elites with the imperial family by blood ties. In the 12th century, the composition of this group, linked by a complicated marriage network, underwent a significant transformation, which could be one of the most important factors of the later crisis. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First: distinguishing two groups of aristocrats within the Komnenos “clan” i.e. “core” Komnenos family and affine families. Second: determining their approximate numer during the 12th century. Relatively large amount of data about aristocratic elites of that period allows for statistical approach. Written sources and sigillography of the 12th century Byzantium is rich in information about high ranking persons. In addition, the Komnenos era has been thoroughly described in prosopographical works. This allows for counting the number of aristocrats and thus obtaining reliable results. Such an approach is not free from estimation and probability. However, the amount of information is sufficient enough to show the overall trends visible in the composition of the elites associated with the Komnenoi. The result of this study is a table that shows the tendency of the weakening of the Komnenos family in face of a constantly growing group of affine aristocratic families. This sheds a new light on the progressive collapse of the imperial authority after the death of Manuel I Komnenos, the key role of destructive actions of Andronikos I, and the weakness of the Angelos dynasty.

4

The patronage of the Eadwine Psalter

63%

Zagórska P., Zagórska P.

Linguistica Silesiana

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2019

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vol. 40

5

Najstarszy zachowany kodeks rękopiśmienny powstały na ziemiach polskich? Ewangelistarz Płocki z XII wieku w świetle badań paleograficznych zapisków o cudach z 1148 roku w Biblii Płockiej .

51%

Tomaszewski J.

Roczniki Biblioteczne

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2019

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vol. 63

3-28

PL

Analiza paleograficzna pisma zapisków o cudach w katedrze płockiej z 1148 roku w Biblii Płockiej oraz Ewangelistarza Płockiego. Domniemane pochodzenie pisarza z klasztoru św. Wawrzyńca lub św. Jakuba w Liège. Hipotezy o powstaniu zapisków o cudach w katedrze płockiej między rokiem 1160 a 1170 oraz o napisaniu Ewangelistarza w opactwie św. Wojciecha w Płocku. Ewangelistarz Płocki prawdopodobnie najlepiej udokumentowanym zabytkiem pod względem polskiej proweniencji wśród najstarszych zachowanych kodeksów rękopiśmiennych.

EN

The article deals with a palaeographic comparative analysis of two twelfth-century manuscripts from the Cathedral Chapter Library in Płock — the 1148 accounts of miracles in the Płock cathedral on folio 239v of the Płock Bible (MS 2), and the Evangeliary (MS 45). The main research problems are as follows: to establish the identity of the hand in the case of both texts, determine the origin and the role the scribe in question may have played in Płock as well as to attempt to date the manuscripts and establish their chronological order. The palaeographic study has encompassed a detailed comparison of written characters, their groups, entire words as well as abbreviation system and initials. Such an analysis has made it possible to demonstrate that both texts were written by the same person. The style of the writing and of secondary initials suggests that the Płock scribe came from the Monastery of St. Lawrence or St. Jacob in Liège. In addition, a comparison of the writing style and decorations of the Płock manuscripts with those of dated documents and manuscripts from Flanders, Brabant, Wallonia and Diocese of Liège has demonstrated that the littera praegothica present in these codices did not develop before the 1160s and was present in the following two decades. These findings question the previous dating of the accounts of miracles in the Płock Bible and move the date of their origin to a period between 1160 and 1170. The establishment of the identity of the author of both manuscripts together with the conclusions of the codicological analysis constitute new evidence suggesting that the Evangeliary may have originated in the Abbey of St. Adalbert in Płock. This is confirmed by the presence in the liturgical calendar of the commemoration of St. Adalbert as well as by the fact that the scribe worked in the cathedral library. The present palaeographic analysis confirms the dating of the manuscript to the 1160s–1180s. Among the oldest surviving hand-written codices originating in Poland the Płock Evangeliary thus becomes the best documented manuscript with regard to its possible provenance.

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2 Studia Ceranea

1 Acta Periodica Duellatorum

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2 Lachowicz P.

1 Dupuis O.

1 Tomaszewski J.

1 Zagórska P.

The Roots of Fencing from the Twelfth to the Fourteenth Centuries in the French Language Area

The Family Strategy for Purple – Comparing the Methods of Andronikos I and Alexios I Komnenos of Constructing Imperial Power

Power and Aristocracy – Transformation and Composition of the Komnenos “Clan” (1081–1200) – A Statistical Approach

The patronage of the Eadwine Psalter

Najstarszy zachowany kodeks rękopiśmienny powstały na ziemiach polskich? Ewangelistarz Płocki z XII wieku w świetle badań paleograficznych zapisków o cudach z 1148 roku w Biblii Płockiej .